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Setting up Prometheus for Kubernetes Security Monitoring
Prometheus is an open-source systems monitoring and alerting toolkit originally built at SoundCloud. It is now a part of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. Prometheus has a powerful query language that allows operators to slice and dice data to find and solve problems.
You can get a playbook on how to respond to security incidents in Kubernetes environments here.
Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Kubernetes is based on Google’s experience running containers at scale in production.
Securing Prometheus and Kubernetes is important for several reasons:
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Prometheus and Kubernetes are both popular targets for attackers.
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A compromised Prometheus or Kubernetes installation can provide a foothold for attackers to gain access to other parts of the infrastructure.
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Securing Prometheus and Kubernetes can help protect against data loss or theft.
In this blog post, we will describe how to secure your Prometheus and Kubernetes installation. We will cover the following topics:
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How to secure Prometheus
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How to secure Kubernetes
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Best practices for securing Prometheus and Kubernetes
Prometheus is a popular target for attackers because it stores data about the health of the infrastructure. Securing Prometheus is therefore critical for protecting the infrastructure.
There are several steps you can take to secure Prometheus:
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Use HTTPS to encrypt communications between Prometheus and clients.
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Disable unencrypted HTTP communications.
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Use a strong password for the Prometheus web interface.
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Use a firewall to restrict access to Prometheus.
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Use the Prometheus security features to restrict access to data.
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Use the Prometheus monitoring rules to restrict access to data.
We will now describe each of these steps in more detail.
HTTPS is a secure protocol that encrypts communications between the client and the server. This prevents attackers from eavesdropping on the communications and gaining access to the data.
You can enable HTTPS for Prometheus by setting the https_address and https_port options in the Prometheus configuration file. For example:
https_address: "https://localhost:9090" https_port: 9091
You can also use the HTTPS proxy to encrypt communications between Prometheus and clients.
You can disable unencrypted HTTP communications by setting the http_address and http_port options in the Prometheus configuration file. For example:
http_address: "http://localhost:9090" http_port: 9091
You can protect the Prometheus web interface by setting a strong password. This will prevent unauthorized users from accessing the web interface.
You can set the password by setting the web_password option in the Prometheus configuration file. For example:
web_password: "super_secure_password"
You can use a firewall to restrict access to Prometheus. This will prevent unauthorized users from accessing Prometheus.
You can use the firewall to restrict access to specific ports on Prometheus. For example, you can restrict access to port 9090, which is used for unencrypted HTTP communications.
You can also use the firewall to restrict access to specific IP addresses. For example, you can restrict access to the IP address of the machine running Prometheus.
Prometheus has several security features that can be used to restrict access to data. These features include:
The default_role setting
The role_mapping setting
The allow_domains setting
The deny_domains setting
The whitelist_source_files setting
The blacklist_source_files setting
The allow_networks setting
The deny_networks setting
We will now describe each of these features in more detail.
The default_role setting specifies the role that is assigned to new users by default. The default role can be used to restrict access to data. For example, you can set the default role to read-only, which will restrict new users to reading data only.
The role_mapping setting specifies which roles are assigned to which users. This allows you to restrict access to data by assigning specific roles to specific users.
The allow_domains setting specifies which domains are allowed to access Prometheus. This allows you to restrict access to data by domain. For example, you can allow only the www.example.com domain to access Prometheus.
The deny_domains setting specifies which domains are not allowed to access Prometheus. This allows you to restrict access to data by domain. For example, you can deny access to the www.example.com domain.
The whitelist_source_files setting specifies which files are allowed to be loaded by Prometheus. This allows you to restrict access to data by file. For example, you can allow only the file my_file.txt to be loaded by Prometheus.
The blacklist_source_files setting specifies which files are not allowed to be loaded by Prometheus. This allows you to restrict access to data by file. For example, you can deny access to the file my_file.txt.
The allow_networks setting specifies which networks are allowed to access Prometheus. This allows you to restrict access to data by network. For example, you can allow only the 10.0.0.0/8 network to access Prometheus.
The deny_networks setting specifies which networks are not allowed to access Prometheus. This allows you to restrict access to data by network. For example, you can deny access to the 10.0.0.0/8 network.