F1 Analytics.ipynb

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    "The high speeds and the brake neck overtakes at some of the most notorious corners in racing. The sheer adrenaline of watching someone extract every single unit of the power from the engine and the level of tech and engineering that is poured into these cars makes F1 a brilliant sport. The Williams of 1992, with which Nigel Mansel swept the competition apart, was primarily due to the car maker inventing a groundbreaking suspension technology that would adapt based on different road conditions. From intricate technologies like active suspension to the unsophisticated nature of rear-view mirrors and steering wheel buttons, F1's engineering has enabled us to experience some of these in our road cars, making them a lot of efficient, safer and faster. \n",
    "\n",
    "The following is an explorative analysis of F1 to break down some historical data on circuits, drivers and racing data to understand what makes them the best or the worst. "
   ]
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   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np \n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
    "import plotly.express as px\n",
    "import datetime "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "### Reading the csv files "
   ]
  },
  {
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   "id": "a3d63e04",
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     "start_time": "2022-09-22T16:47:43.234992Z"
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   "source": [
    "circuits = pd.read_csv('circuits.csv')\n",
    "laptimes = pd.read_csv('lap_times.csv')\n",
    "pitstops = pd.read_csv('pit_stops.csv')\n",
    "seasons = pd.read_csv('seasons.csv',parse_dates=['year'])\n",
    "status = pd.read_csv('status.csv')"
   ]
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "afeb0b47",
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   "source": [
    "constructor_standings = pd.read_csv('constructor_standings.csv')\n",
    "constructors = pd.read_csv('constructors.csv')\n",
    "driver_standings = pd.read_csv('driver_standings.csv')\n",
    "drivers = pd.read_csv('drivers.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1902,
   "id": "b93b5a2a",
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   "source": [
    "races = pd.read_csv('races.csv',parse_dates=['year'])\n",
    "constructor_results = pd.read_csv('constructor_results.csv')\n",
    "results = pd.read_csv('results.csv')\n",
    "qualifying = pd.read_csv('qualifying.csv')"
   ]
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  {
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   "source": [
    "### Most successful constructors "
   ]
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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8b87420e",
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   "source": [
    "Many well-known, established names have competed at the highest level of racing with little success. A good reason for this is that F1 is not the best use of value creation, according to car makers, as the costs and returns associated with running an F1 team are close to breaking even at best. Good old finance says that any investment's return on equity being less than the cost of capital is a venture that destroys value. But this might not be entirely true in all cases as F1 provides a great platform to advertise and market the respective carmaker's brand; it's a cost that could be incurred to increase the top-line growth. Let's look at two charts to understand which constructors have consistently put in the money and engineering prowess to stay at the top. i.e. if you're a mega fan of the sport, you already know the answer. "
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   "source": [
    "#merging the constructors dataframe with race results\n",
    "\n",
    "team = constructors.merge(results,on='constructorId',how = 'left')"
   ]
  },
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       "       name  races\n",
       "0   Ferrari   1043\n",
       "1   McLaren    872\n",
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    "#extracting the columns needed and grouping it by constructor name, extracting the total races entered\n",
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    "best = team[['name','points','raceId']]\n",
    "best = best.groupby('name')['raceId'].nunique().sort_values(ascending=False).reset_index(name = 'races')\n",
    "best = best[best['races'] >= 100]\n",
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       "          name  points_per_race\n",
       "0     Mercedes        25.611538\n",
       "1     Red Bull        17.667656\n",
       "2      Ferrari         9.479386\n",
       "3      McLaren         6.961009\n",
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       "6      Renault         4.409429\n",
       "7     Benetton         3.311538\n",
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       "9   Team Lotus         2.518987"
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    "#building a formula to calculate points per race \n",
    "\n",
    "func = lambda x: x.points.sum()/x.raceId.nunique()\n",
    "data = team[team['name'].isin(best.name)].groupby('name').apply(func).sort_values(ascending=False).reset_index(name = 'points_per_race')\n",
    "data.head(10)"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "#plotting the results\n",
    "\n",
    "fig = go.Figure(\n",
    "    data=[go.Bar(x = data.name, y=data['points_per_race'])],\n",
    "    layout_title_text=\"Constructor's Points per Race\"\n",
    "    \n",
    ")\n",
    "fig.update_xaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "fig.update_yaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "                  marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "47cfb338",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "Mercedes and Redbull have been highly consistent in the past decade, reflecting their points per race stat. On the contrary, Ferrari is yet to win a world championship since 2008. An interesting observation is Force India; considering it was a small-scale budget team compared to the giants like Mercedes and Ferrari, it did fantastic work on the track with an average of five points per race. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 508,
   "id": "9d18fbe6",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-22T11:06:06.924379Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-22T11:06:06.860667Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Mercedes</td>\n",
       "      <td>6659.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>McLaren</td>\n",
       "      <td>6070.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Red Bull</td>\n",
       "      <td>5954.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Williams</td>\n",
       "      <td>3592.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Renault</td>\n",
       "      <td>1777.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Force India</td>\n",
       "      <td>1098.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Team Lotus</td>\n",
       "      <td>995.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Benetton</td>\n",
       "      <td>861.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Tyrrell</td>\n",
       "      <td>711.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
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       "          name  points\n",
       "0      Ferrari  9887.0\n",
       "1     Mercedes  6659.0\n",
       "2      McLaren  6070.0\n",
       "3     Red Bull  5954.0\n",
       "4     Williams  3592.0\n",
       "5      Renault  1777.0\n",
       "6  Force India  1098.0\n",
       "7   Team Lotus   995.0\n",
       "8     Benetton   861.0\n",
       "9      Tyrrell   711.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 508,
     "metadata": {},
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   "source": [
    "#calculating historic overall points of top 10 constructors\n",
    "\n",
    "historic_points = team.groupby('name').agg({'points':'sum'}).sort_values('points',ascending=False).reset_index().head(10)\n",
    "historic_points"
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     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#plotting a bar chart\n",
    "\n",
    "fig = go.Figure(\n",
    "    data=[go.Bar(x = historic_points.name, y=historic_points['points'])],\n",
    "    layout_title_text=\"Constructor's Historic Points\"\n",
    ")\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "                  marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3a1f2993",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "The chart's most impressive is Mercedes AMG Petronas being second, considering they entered Formula in 2010. They've covered two-thirds of Ferrari's historical points in twelve years, an astonishing feat. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b7492720",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-21T08:34:40.153735Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-21T08:34:40.139914Z"
    },
    "heading_collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "### Do higher altitude circuits cause more engine failures? "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 520,
   "id": "d250fe86",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-22T11:22:44.883787Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-22T11:22:44.786844Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#merging circuits, races, results and race status dataframes\n",
    "\n",
    "df = circuits.merge(races,how='left',left_on = 'circuitid',right_on = 'circuitId')\n",
    "df2 = df.merge(results,how='left',on='raceId')\n",
    "status_df = df2.merge(status,how='inner',left_on = 'statusId',right_on= 'statusid')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 521,
   "id": "0cee4fa9",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-22T11:22:47.370126Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-22T11:22:47.327637Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#cosmetic changes: dropping columns and renaming\n",
    "\n",
    "status_df.drop(['name_y','url_y','url_x','time_y'],axis=1,inplace=True)\n",
    "status_df.rename(columns={'name_x':'name','time_x':'time'},inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 574,
   "id": "73d7649a",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-22T11:47:02.334077Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-22T11:47:02.289236Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "      <th>circuitid</th>\n",
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       "      <th>14065</th>\n",
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       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>01:30.7</td>\n",
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       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Engine</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14068</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>albert_park</td>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
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       "      <td>10</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>albert_park</td>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
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       "      <td>144.968</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "       circuitid   circuitref                            name   location  \\\n",
       "14065          1  albert_park  Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit  Melbourne   \n",
       "14066          1  albert_park  Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit  Melbourne   \n",
       "14067          1  albert_park  Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit  Melbourne   \n",
       "14068          1  albert_park  Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit  Melbourne   \n",
       "14069          1  albert_park  Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit  Melbourne   \n",
       "\n",
       "         country      lat      lng  alt  raceId  year  ...  points  laps  \\\n",
       "14065  Australia -37.8497  144.968   10     926  2015  ...     0.0  32.0   \n",
       "14066  Australia -37.8497  144.968   10     948  2016  ...     0.0  38.0   \n",
       "14067  Australia -37.8497  144.968   10     948  2016  ...     0.0  21.0   \n",
       "14068  Australia -37.8497  144.968   10     989  2018  ...     0.0  13.0   \n",
       "14069  Australia -37.8497  144.968   10    1010  2019  ...     0.0   9.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "      milliseconds fastestLap  rank  fastestLapTime  fastestLapSpeed  \\\n",
       "14065          NaN       30.0  13.0         01:34.3          202.458   \n",
       "14066          NaN       15.0  21.0         01:33.9          203.327   \n",
       "14067          NaN       21.0   5.0         01:30.7          210.480   \n",
       "14068          NaN       13.0  18.0         01:30.6          210.601   \n",
       "14069          NaN        9.0  20.0         01:30.9          210.022   \n",
       "\n",
       "       statusId  statusid  status  \n",
       "14065       5.0         5  Engine  \n",
       "14066       5.0         5  Engine  \n",
       "14067       5.0         5  Engine  \n",
       "14068       5.0         5  Engine  \n",
       "14069       5.0         5  Engine  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 32 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 574,
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   "source": [
    "#including rows with issues correlated with thin air in higher altitudes, setting the year to last 7 to include Mexico GP\n",
    "\n",
    "altitude = status_df[status_df['status'].isin(['Transmission','Engine','Overheating'])]\n",
    "altitude = altitude[altitude['year'] >= 2015]\n",
    "altitude.head()"
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       "                             name   alt  engine & transmission failures\n",
       "0    Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez  2227                               7\n",
       "1   Bahrain International Circuit     7                               7\n",
       "2                   Red Bull Ring   678                               6\n",
       "3  Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit    10                               5\n",
       "4    Autodromo Nazionale di Monza   162                               5\n",
       "5    Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps   401                               4\n",
       "6       Marina Bay Street Circuit    18                               4\n",
       "7              Yas Marina Circuit     3                               4\n",
       "8  Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya   109                               3\n",
       "9                  Hockenheimring   103                               3"
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    "#grouping by track name and altitude and renaming columns \n",
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    "circuit_altitudes = altitude.groupby(['name','alt'])['status'].count().sort_values(ascending = False).reset_index().head(10)\n",
    "circuit_altitudes.rename(columns={'status':'engine & transmission failures'},inplace=True)\n",
    "circuit_altitudes"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "#plotting a bubble chart: bigger the size of the bubble, higher the altitude\n",
    "\n",
    "df = circuit_altitudes\n",
    "\n",
    "fig = px.scatter(df, x=\"alt\", y=\"engine & transmission failures\",\n",
    "         size=\"alt\", color=\"name\",\n",
    "                  log_x=True, size_max= 80)\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "                  marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.update_xaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "fig.update_yaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "fig.show()"
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5198990e",
   "metadata": {
    "heading_collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "### The case for the best F1 drivers  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "66cb54f4",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "Seventy-two years of F1 history has been 34 different champions. Cars over the years been tremendous changes. From the early 2000s V10 screaming notes to the exceptionally engineered and safer V6, the sport has considerably changed in the last 20 years. A few drivers on the grid witnessed their best in one era before giving way to younger drivers to take over. Let's look at the first chart that depicts historic champion distribution by nation. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "bac34b86",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-22T15:47:46.736274Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-22T15:47:46.675421Z"
    },
    "heading_collapsed": true,
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Distribution by Geography"
   ]
  },
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    "ExecuteTime": {
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     "start_time": "2022-10-10T17:20:02.525155Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
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   "outputs": [
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   ],
   "source": [
    "# grouoing by nationality, counting the driver and plotting a pie chart\n",
    "\n",
    "driver_nationality = drivers.groupby('nationality')['nationality'].count().sort_values(ascending = False).reset_index(name = 'number of drivers').head(10)\n",
    "fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Pie(labels=driver_nationality.nationality, values=driver_nationality['number of drivers'])])\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "                  marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.update_layout(\n",
    "    title=\"Historical Driver Nationality Distribution since 1950\")\n",
    "fig.show()"
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2155,
   "id": "e4e5a568",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-10T17:18:09.860201Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-10T17:18:09.774963Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#merging drivers, driver standings and race data \n",
    "\n",
    "driver_position = drivers.merge(driver_standings,left_on='driverid',right_on='driverId',how = 'left')\n",
    "driver_position = driver_position.merge(races,on = 'raceId',how = 'left')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2156,
   "id": "befa4401",
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    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-10T17:18:10.467559Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-10T17:18:10.423127Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#grouping by nationality year and surname to get the max points achieved every season\n",
    "\n",
    "champions = driver_position.groupby(['nationality','year','surname'])[['points','wins']\n",
    "                                            ].max().sort_values('points',ascending = False).reset_index()\n",
    "champions.drop_duplicates(subset=['year'], inplace=True)"
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   "source": [
    "# counting the number of times a nation ended in P1 and plotting a pie chart\n",
    "\n",
    "champion_nations = champions.nationality.value_counts().to_frame()\n",
    "fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Pie(labels=champion_nations.index, values=champion_nations['nationality'])])\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "                  marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.update_layout(\n",
    "    title=\"Distribution of Historic Champions by Nation\")\n",
    "fig.show()"
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   "source": [
    "To understand why F1 saw the most British drivers and champions, we'll have to transcend back to WWII and the prevailing aerial duels over the British channel against the Germans. Due to the constant aerial warfare, the British were forced to build massive airfields to defend against the Germans. Post-WWII and the fall of Nazi Germany made these airfields utterly unserviceable until a band of British motor enthusiasts decided to turn these airfields into creative race tracks. Soon enough, this attracted race car drivers and engineers who worked on complex fighter jet engines in the war to build the best race cars and test them on the now-converted race tracks. One of the airfields went on to become the \"mecca\" of racing, The Silverstone Circuit. Over the years, the influx of racing talent to Britain has seen many F1 teams set up their headquarters in the region. 6 out of 10  constructors in 2022 have their offices in the United Kingdom. "
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       "      <th>nationality</th>\n",
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       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Finnish</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.33</td>\n",
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       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Austrian</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
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       "      <td>13.33</td>\n",
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       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australian</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
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       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>New Zealander</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Brazilian</td>\n",
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       "      nationality  champions  number of drivers  perc_winners\n",
       "2         Finnish          3                  9         33.33\n",
       "6        Austrian          2                 15         13.33\n",
       "5      Australian          2                 17         11.76\n",
       "12  New Zealander          1                  9         11.11\n",
       "1       Brazilian          3                 32          9.38"
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   "source": [
    "#grouping by nationality year and surname to get the max points achieved every season and dropping year duplicates\n",
    "\n",
    "champion_drivers = driver_position.groupby(['nationality','year','surname'])[['points','wins']\n",
    "                                            ].max().sort_values('points',ascending = False).reset_index()\n",
    "champion_drivers.drop_duplicates(subset=['year'], inplace=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "#grouping by nationality and counting the surname of drivers \n",
    "\n",
    "final = champion_drivers.groupby('nationality')['surname'].nunique().reset_index(name = 'champions').sort_values(\n",
    "    by='champions',ascending = False)\n",
    "\n",
    "#merging both the datasets and creating a column to calculate the ratio\n",
    "\n",
    "ratios = final.merge(driver_nationality,on='nationality',how='inner')\n",
    "ratios['perc_winners'] = (ratios.champions/ratios['number of drivers']*100).round(2)\n",
    "ratios = ratios.sort_values('perc_winners',ascending = False)\n",
    "ratios.head(5) "
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of drivers\"}},\"colorscale\":[[0.0,\"#0d0887\"],[0.1111111111111111,\"#46039f\"],[0.2222222222222222,\"#7201a8\"],[0.3333333333333333,\"#9c179e\"],[0.4444444444444444,\"#bd3786\"],[0.5555555555555556,\"#d8576b\"],[0.6666666666666666,\"#ed7953\"],[0.7777777777777778,\"#fb9f3a\"],[0.8888888888888888,\"#fdca26\"],[1.0,\"#f0f921\"]]},\"legend\":{\"tracegroupgap\":0},\"margin\":{\"t\":60},\"barmode\":\"relative\",\"height\":400,\"title\":{\"text\":\"Champions from a nation with respect to total drivers from the nation\"}},                        {\"responsive\": true}                    ).then(function(){\n",
       "                            \n",
       "var gd = document.getElementById('0d61d581-20c0-49f0-b430-b510ad96ca47');\n",
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       "            console.log([gd, 'removed!']);\n",
       "            Plotly.purge(gd);\n",
       "            observer.disconnect();\n",
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       "}});\n",
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       "// Listen for the removal of the full notebook cells\n",
       "var notebookContainer = gd.closest('#notebook-container');\n",
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      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#creating a bar chart\n",
    "\n",
    "df = ratios\n",
    "fig = px.bar(df, x='nationality', y='perc_winners',\n",
    "         hover_data=['champions','number of drivers'], color='number of drivers',\n",
    "         height=400)\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "              marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.update_layout(\n",
    "    title=\"Champions from a nation with respect to total drivers from the nation\")\n",
    "fig.update_xaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "fig.update_yaxes(showgrid=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d8bdb15e",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "Can we put the success of the Finnish in F1 down to chance and luck with just nine drivers entering the grid, or is it much more than that? If we start digging deeper, we realise what makes a country of just five million people such good racing drivers. One reason could be the exposure to automobiles at a young age because the skillset required to drive in the harsh cold terrains of Finnish lands needs to be introduced as early as possible. This was also quoted by Kimi Raikonnen (The last Ferrari world champion and Finnish driver), \"Our roads and long winters. You really have to be a good driver to survive in Finland. It is always slippery and bumpy.\" The second reason is Finland has a lively racing culture amongst the old and the young, with the country having nearly 20 official carting tracks, one of the highest per capita in the world. Motor racing requires a level of composure that's uncalled for in regular day-to-day instances, mainly due to blasting down the straights and curves at over 250kmph. The Finnish seem to have a knack for this in their blood; they call it Sisu. In English, it loosely translates into a stoic sense of determination and purpose while accepting the outcome without judgement. They call Kimi Raikonnen \"The Iceman\" for no reason; the Finnish drivers are racers of few words. When Kimi's car caught fire in the 2006 Monaco GP while fighting for first place, he simply strolled out of the car and onto his yacht and watched the race while having beers and champagne. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7045ac24",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Most wins by a driver in a single season"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 710,
   "id": "f555160d",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-22T17:24:39.000505Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-22T17:24:38.901221Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#merging driver data, their standings and race data\n",
    "\n",
    "driver_position = drivers.merge(driver_standings,left_on='driverid',right_on='driverId',how = 'left')\n",
    "driver_position = driver_position.merge(races,on = 'raceId',how = 'left')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 733,
   "id": "8c949f4f",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-23T04:48:12.080725Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-23T04:48:11.947496Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<div>\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Wins</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Vettel</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Vettel</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Verstappen</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>1995</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Mansell</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Rosberg</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hill</td>\n",
       "      <td>1996</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>1994</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Senna</td>\n",
       "      <td>1988</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Häkkinen</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          name  year  Wins\n",
       "0   Schumacher  2004    13\n",
       "1       Vettel  2013    13\n",
       "2     Hamilton  2019    11\n",
       "3       Vettel  2011    11\n",
       "4   Schumacher  2002    11\n",
       "5     Hamilton  2020    11\n",
       "6     Hamilton  2018    11\n",
       "7     Hamilton  2014    11\n",
       "8     Hamilton  2015    10\n",
       "9   Verstappen  2021    10\n",
       "10    Hamilton  2017     9\n",
       "11  Schumacher  1995     9\n",
       "12  Schumacher  2000     9\n",
       "13     Mansell  1992     9\n",
       "14     Rosberg  2016     9\n",
       "15  Schumacher  2001     9\n",
       "16        Hill  1996     8\n",
       "17  Schumacher  1994     8\n",
       "18       Senna  1988     8\n",
       "19    Häkkinen  1998     8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 733,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#filtering the dataset to include only where the position is 1 and grouping by name, year and extracting the max wins\n",
    "\n",
    "positions = driver_position[driver_position['position'] == 1].groupby(\n",
    "    ['surname','year'])['wins'].max().sort_values(ascending=False).reset_index(name = 'Wins')\n",
    "positions.head(20)\n",
    "positions.year = positions.year.dt.year\n",
    "positions.rename(columns={'surname':'name'},inplace=True)\n",
    "positions.Wins = positions.Wins.astype('int64')\n",
    "\n",
    "positions.head(20)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 735,
   "id": "98e3d090",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-23T04:48:20.573383Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-23T04:48:20.429010Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/vnd.plotly.v1+json": {
       "config": {
        "plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
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       "data": [
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         "hovertemplate": "name=Schumacher<br>year=%{x}<br>Wins=%{marker.size}<extra></extra>",
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           "color": "#000000",
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wins by a driver in a single season\"}},                        {\"responsive\": true}                    ).then(function(){\n",
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      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#plotting a bubble chart\n",
    "\n",
    "fig = px.scatter(positions.head(30), x=\"year\", y=\"Wins\", color=\"name\",\n",
    "                 title=\"Most wins by a driver in a single season\",size = 'Wins')\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "                  marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.update_xaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "fig.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "369062a7",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Most competitive seasons by points difference"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 889,
   "id": "74a39f42",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-23T10:36:15.215558Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-23T10:36:15.192414Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>surname</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Senna</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Mansell</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>72.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Patrese</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Berger</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Prost</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   surname  year  points\n",
       "0    Senna  1991    96.0\n",
       "1  Mansell  1991    72.0\n",
       "2  Patrese  1991    53.0\n",
       "3   Berger  1991    43.0\n",
       "4    Prost  1991    34.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 889,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "competition = driver_position[driver_position['year'].dt.year == 1991\n",
    "               ].groupby(['surname','year']).points.max().sort_values(ascending = False).reset_index().head(5)\n",
    "competition.year = competition.year.dt.year\n",
    "competition.iloc[0:2,0]         "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1412,
   "id": "ae5728a7",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-09-27T15:30:19.892643Z",
     "start_time": "2022-09-27T15:30:19.819437Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def rivalry(x):\n",
    "    competition = driver_position[driver_position['year'].dt.year == x\n",
    "               ].groupby(['surname','year']).points.max().sort_values(ascending = False).reset_index().head(5)\n",
    "    competition.year = competition.year.dt.year    \n",
    "    \n",
    "    h = driver_position.merge(circuits,left_on='circuitId',right_on='circuitid',how = 'left')\n",
    "    h.rename(columns={'name_y':'circuit_name'},inplace=True)\n",
    "    viz = h.loc[:,['date','year','circuit_name','surname','points','wins']]\n",
    "\n",
    "    viz.dropna(inplace = True)\n",
    "\n",
    "    viz.points = viz.points.astype('int64')\n",
    "    viz.wins = viz.wins.astype('int64')\n",
    "    viz.year = viz.year.dt.year\n",
    "    viz.date = pd.to_datetime(viz.date)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    top_five = viz[viz.loc[:,'year'] == x]\n",
    "    top_five = top_five.groupby(['surname'])[['points','wins']].max().sort_values('points',ascending = False).head(6).reset_index()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    duo = competition.iloc[0:2]\n",
    "    if competition.iloc[0,2] - competition.iloc[1,2] <= 10:\n",
    "        print('\\033[1m' + 'A rivalry in the history books!')\n",
    "    elif competition.iloc[0,2] - competition.iloc[1,2] <= 20:\n",
    "        print('\\033[1m' + 'Spicy!')\n",
    "    elif competition.iloc[0,2] - competition.iloc[1,2] < 30:\n",
    "        print('\\033[1m' + 'Meh!')\n",
    "    elif competition.iloc[0,2] - competition.iloc[1,2] >= 30:\n",
    "        print('\\033[1m' + 'Snore Fest!')\n",
    "\n",
    "        \n",
    "    df = top_five\n",
    "    fig = px.bar(df, x='surname', y='points',\n",
    "             hover_data=['wins'], color='points',\n",
    "            height=400,color_continuous_scale= 'turbo')\n",
    "    fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "                  marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "    fig.update_xaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "    fig.update_yaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print('----------------------------------')\n",
    "    x = fig.show()\n",
    "    return x "
   ]
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     "start_time": "2022-10-13T12:58:10.175494Z"
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    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
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     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\u001b[1mA rivalry in the history books!\n",
      "----------------------------------\n"
     ]
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     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "rivalry(2007)      "
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3d9a685b",
   "metadata": {
    "heading_collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "### Who has the fastest lap time in every circuit?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1651,
   "id": "4dd37277",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-05T06:02:41.537268Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-05T06:02:41.307579Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#merging and extraction of important columns\n",
    "\n",
    "fast = circuits.merge(races,left_on = 'circuitid',right_on='circuitId',how = 'left')\n",
    "fast = fast.merge(results,on='raceId',how = 'left')\n",
    "fast = fast.merge(drivers,left_on='driverId',right_on='driverid',how = 'inner')\n",
    "fast.rename(columns={'name_x':'circuit_name'},inplace = True)\n",
    "fast = fast[['circuit_name','country','surname','fastestLapTime','nationality','year']]\n",
    "\n",
    "# dropping null values and converting fastestlaptime into seconds\n",
    "\n",
    "fast = fast.dropna()\n",
    "fast['fastestLapTime_seconds']=fast['fastestLapTime'].apply(lambda x: float(x.split(':')[0])*60+float(x.split(':')[1])) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1652,
   "id": "ba825831",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-05T06:02:42.128887Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-05T06:02:42.048758Z"
    },
    "collapsed": true,
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>circuit_name</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>surname</th>\n",
       "      <th>fastestLapTime</th>\n",
       "      <th>nationality</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>fastestLapTime_seconds</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Leclerc</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:20.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monegasque</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>80.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Red Bull Ring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Austria</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sainz</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:05.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Spanish</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Baku City Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Azerbaijan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Leclerc</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:43.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monegasque</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Bahrain International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bahrain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Russell</td>\n",
       "      <td>00:55.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>55.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps</td>\n",
       "      <td>Belgium</td>\n",
       "      <td>Räikkönen</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:45.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finnish</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>105.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autódromo José Carlos Pace</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brazil</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bottas</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:10.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finnish</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit Gilles Villeneuve</td>\n",
       "      <td>Canada</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bottas</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:13.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finnish</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>73.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Shanghai International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>China</td>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:32.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit Paul Ricard</td>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vettel</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:32.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours</td>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:15.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nürburgring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Germany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Verstappen</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:28.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dutch</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>88.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hockenheimring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Germany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Räikkönen</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:13.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finnish</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>73.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hockenheimring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Germany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:13.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>73.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nürburgring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Germany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:28.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>88.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hungaroring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hungary</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:16.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>76.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Buddh International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>India</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vettel</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:27.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autodromo Nazionale di Monza</td>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Barrichello</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:21.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brazilian</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autodromo Internazionale del Mugello</td>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:18.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari</td>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:15.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Suzuka Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:31.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>91.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>Fuji Speedway</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Massa</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:18.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brazilian</td>\n",
       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>Korean International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Korea</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vettel</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:39.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sepang International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malaysia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vettel</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:34.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bottas</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:17.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finnish</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>77.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit de Monaco</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monaco</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:12.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>72.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit Park Zandvoort</td>\n",
       "      <td>Netherlands</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:11.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autódromo Internacional do Algarve</td>\n",
       "      <td>Portugal</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:18.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>Losail International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Qatar</td>\n",
       "      <td>Verstappen</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:23.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dutch</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sochi Autodrom</td>\n",
       "      <td>Russia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:35.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jeddah Corniche Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Arabia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:30.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>British</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>Marina Bay Street Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Singapore</td>\n",
       "      <td>Magnussen</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:41.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Danish</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>101.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>Valencia Street Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Massa</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:38.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brazilian</td>\n",
       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya</td>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:15.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya</td>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fisichella</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:15.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Italian</td>\n",
       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34</th>\n",
       "      <td>Valencia Street Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Glock</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:38.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>Istanbul Park</td>\n",
       "      <td>Turkey</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pablo Montoya</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:24.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombian</td>\n",
       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
       "      <td>84.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>36</th>\n",
       "      <td>Yas Marina Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>UAE</td>\n",
       "      <td>Verstappen</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:26.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dutch</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>86.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>Silverstone Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>UK</td>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:18.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>Indianapolis Motor Speedway</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:10.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>German</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>39</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Verstappen</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:31.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dutch</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>91.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>40</th>\n",
       "      <td>Indianapolis Motor Speedway</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Barrichello</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:10.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brazilian</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>41</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit of the Americas</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Leclerc</td>\n",
       "      <td>01:36.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monegasque</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                            circuit_name       country        surname  \\\n",
       "0         Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit     Australia        Leclerc   \n",
       "1                          Red Bull Ring       Austria          Sainz   \n",
       "2                      Baku City Circuit    Azerbaijan        Leclerc   \n",
       "3          Bahrain International Circuit       Bahrain        Russell   \n",
       "4           Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps       Belgium      Räikkönen   \n",
       "5             Autódromo José Carlos Pace        Brazil         Bottas   \n",
       "6              Circuit Gilles Villeneuve        Canada         Bottas   \n",
       "7         Shanghai International Circuit         China     Schumacher   \n",
       "8                    Circuit Paul Ricard        France         Vettel   \n",
       "9          Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours        France     Schumacher   \n",
       "10                           Nürburgring       Germany     Verstappen   \n",
       "11                        Hockenheimring       Germany      Räikkönen   \n",
       "12                        Hockenheimring       Germany     Schumacher   \n",
       "13                           Nürburgring       Germany       Hamilton   \n",
       "14                           Hungaroring       Hungary       Hamilton   \n",
       "15           Buddh International Circuit         India         Vettel   \n",
       "16          Autodromo Nazionale di Monza         Italy    Barrichello   \n",
       "17  Autodromo Internazionale del Mugello         Italy       Hamilton   \n",
       "18         Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari         Italy       Hamilton   \n",
       "19                        Suzuka Circuit         Japan       Hamilton   \n",
       "20                         Fuji Speedway         Japan          Massa   \n",
       "21          Korean International Circuit         Korea         Vettel   \n",
       "22          Sepang International Circuit      Malaysia         Vettel   \n",
       "23          Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez        Mexico         Bottas   \n",
       "24                     Circuit de Monaco        Monaco       Hamilton   \n",
       "25                Circuit Park Zandvoort   Netherlands       Hamilton   \n",
       "26    Autódromo Internacional do Algarve      Portugal       Hamilton   \n",
       "27          Losail International Circuit         Qatar     Verstappen   \n",
       "28                        Sochi Autodrom        Russia       Hamilton   \n",
       "29               Jeddah Corniche Circuit  Saudi Arabia       Hamilton   \n",
       "30             Marina Bay Street Circuit     Singapore      Magnussen   \n",
       "31               Valencia Street Circuit         Spain          Massa   \n",
       "32        Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya         Spain     Schumacher   \n",
       "33        Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya         Spain     Fisichella   \n",
       "34               Valencia Street Circuit         Spain          Glock   \n",
       "35                         Istanbul Park        Turkey  Pablo Montoya   \n",
       "36                    Yas Marina Circuit           UAE     Verstappen   \n",
       "37                   Silverstone Circuit            UK     Schumacher   \n",
       "38           Indianapolis Motor Speedway           USA     Schumacher   \n",
       "39         Miami International Autodrome           USA     Verstappen   \n",
       "40           Indianapolis Motor Speedway           USA    Barrichello   \n",
       "41               Circuit of the Americas           USA        Leclerc   \n",
       "\n",
       "   fastestLapTime nationality  year  fastestLapTime_seconds  \n",
       "0         01:20.3  Monegasque  2022                    80.3  \n",
       "1         01:05.6     Spanish  2020                    65.6  \n",
       "2         01:43.0  Monegasque  2019                   103.0  \n",
       "3         00:55.4     British  2020                    55.4  \n",
       "4         01:45.1     Finnish  2004                   105.1  \n",
       "5         01:10.5     Finnish  2018                    70.5  \n",
       "6         01:13.1     Finnish  2019                    73.1  \n",
       "7         01:32.2      German  2004                    92.2  \n",
       "8         01:32.7      German  2019                    92.7  \n",
       "9         01:15.4      German  2004                    75.4  \n",
       "10        01:28.1       Dutch  2020                    88.1  \n",
       "11        01:13.8     Finnish  2004                    73.8  \n",
       "12        01:13.8      German  2004                    73.8  \n",
       "13        01:28.1     British  2020                    88.1  \n",
       "14        01:16.6     British  2020                    76.6  \n",
       "15        01:27.2      German  2011                    87.2  \n",
       "16        01:21.0   Brazilian  2004                    81.0  \n",
       "17        01:18.8     British  2020                    78.8  \n",
       "18        01:15.5     British  2020                    75.5  \n",
       "19        01:31.0     British  2019                    91.0  \n",
       "20        01:18.4   Brazilian  2008                    78.4  \n",
       "21        01:39.6      German  2011                    99.6  \n",
       "22        01:34.1      German  2017                    94.1  \n",
       "23        01:17.8     Finnish  2021                    77.8  \n",
       "24        01:12.9     British  2021                    72.9  \n",
       "25        01:11.1     British  2021                    71.1  \n",
       "26        01:18.7     British  2020                    78.7  \n",
       "27        01:23.2       Dutch  2021                    83.2  \n",
       "28        01:35.8     British  2019                    95.8  \n",
       "29        01:30.7     British  2021                    90.7  \n",
       "30        01:41.9      Danish  2018                   101.9  \n",
       "31        01:38.7   Brazilian  2008                    98.7  \n",
       "32        01:15.6      German  2005                    75.6  \n",
       "33        01:15.6     Italian  2005                    75.6  \n",
       "34        01:38.7      German  2009                    98.7  \n",
       "35        01:24.8   Colombian  2005                    84.8  \n",
       "36        01:26.1       Dutch  2021                    86.1  \n",
       "37        01:18.7      German  2004                    78.7  \n",
       "38        01:10.4      German  2004                    70.4  \n",
       "39        01:31.4       Dutch  2022                    91.4  \n",
       "40        01:10.4   Brazilian  2004                    70.4  \n",
       "41        01:36.2  Monegasque  2019                    96.2  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1652,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fast['fastest_recorded_lap'] = fast.groupby(['circuit_name'])['fastestLapTime'].transform('min')\n",
    "fastest = fast[fast['fastest_recorded_lap']==fast['fastestLapTime']].sort_values('country').reset_index(col_level = 1)\n",
    "fastest.drop(['index','fastest_recorded_lap'],inplace=True,axis = 1)\n",
    "fastest['year'] = fastest.year.dt.year\n",
    "fastest"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2195,
   "id": "0f283613",
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    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-21T09:34:22.007031Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-21T09:34:21.892214Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "                            \n",
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     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fastest_viz = fastest.surname.value_counts().rename_axis('driver').reset_index(name= 'fastest laps') \n",
    "\n",
    "df = fastest_viz\n",
    "fig = px.bar(df, x='driver', y='fastest laps',\n",
    "         hover_data=['fastest laps'], color='fastest laps',\n",
    "        height=400,color_continuous_scale= 'Blues')\n",
    "fig.update_layout(\n",
    "    title=\"Drivers with the most fastest ever laps\")\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "              marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.update_xaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "fig.update_yaxes(showgrid=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6957db32",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "####  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "33a6fb87",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-05T10:28:43.665816Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-05T10:28:43.645512Z"
    },
    "heading_collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "### Qualifying Pole = Race Pole? "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9e11115c",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "In F1, finishing at the pole on Saturday often does not guarantee the same on race day. What makes the mark of a great driver? Finishing pole every time he starts at the pole? A perfect ratio of 1? Or someone who's won more races than qualifying wins?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4c63fd99",
   "metadata": {
    "heading_collapsed": true,
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "##### Calculating grid pole positions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1799,
   "id": "e26f010f",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-05T12:43:53.116543Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-05T12:43:53.071180Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>full_name</th>\n",
       "      <th>grid poles</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Lewis Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>103</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Michael Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ayrton Senna</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sebastian Vettel</td>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jim Clark</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alain Prost</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nigel Mansell</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nico Rosberg</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Juan Fangio</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Mika Häkkinen</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Niki Lauda</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nelson Piquet</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Fernando Alonso</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Valtteri Bottas</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Damon Hill</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>René Arnoux</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Mario Andretti</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Kimi Räikkönen</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Stirling Moss</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jackie Stewart</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "             full_name  grid poles\n",
       "0       Lewis Hamilton         103\n",
       "1   Michael Schumacher          68\n",
       "2         Ayrton Senna          65\n",
       "3     Sebastian Vettel          57\n",
       "4            Jim Clark          34\n",
       "5          Alain Prost          33\n",
       "6        Nigel Mansell          32\n",
       "7         Nico Rosberg          30\n",
       "8          Juan Fangio          29\n",
       "9        Mika Häkkinen          26\n",
       "10          Niki Lauda          24\n",
       "11       Nelson Piquet          24\n",
       "12     Fernando Alonso          22\n",
       "13     Valtteri Bottas          20\n",
       "14          Damon Hill          20\n",
       "15         René Arnoux          18\n",
       "16      Mario Andretti          18\n",
       "17      Kimi Räikkönen          18\n",
       "18       Stirling Moss          17\n",
       "19      Jackie Stewart          17"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1799,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#merging the (1) two dataframes [drivers and qualifying] needed and (2) performing aggregation function\n",
    "\n",
    "driver_quali = results.merge(drivers,left_on = 'driverId',right_on='driverid',how = 'left')\n",
    "driver_quali['full_name'] = driver_quali['forename'] + ' ' + driver_quali['surname']\n",
    "driver_quali = driver_quali[['full_name','grid','position']]\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "quali_wins = driver_quali[driver_quali['grid'] == 1].groupby('full_name')['grid'].sum().reset_index(\n",
    "                                        name = 'grid poles').sort_values('grid poles',ascending = False)\n",
    "\n",
    "#resetting index numbers \n",
    "\n",
    "quali_wins = quali_wins.reset_index(col_level=0)\n",
    "quali_wins.drop('index',axis = 1,inplace = True)\n",
    "quali_wins.head(20)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "bd69cc65",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "fd253a9a",
   "metadata": {
    "heading_collapsed": true,
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "##### Calculating race wins  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1798,
   "id": "b731847e",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-05T12:43:51.274266Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-05T12:43:51.203812Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <th>position</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Lewis Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>103</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Michael Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sebastian Vettel</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alain Prost</td>\n",
       "      <td>51</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ayrton Senna</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Fernando Alonso</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nigel Mansell</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jackie Stewart</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Max Verstappen</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Niki Lauda</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jim Clark</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>Juan Fangio</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nico Rosberg</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nelson Piquet</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Damon Hill</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Kimi Räikkönen</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Mika Häkkinen</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Stirling Moss</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jenson Button</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Emerson Fittipaldi</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "             full_name  position\n",
       "0       Lewis Hamilton       103\n",
       "1   Michael Schumacher        91\n",
       "2     Sebastian Vettel        53\n",
       "3          Alain Prost        51\n",
       "4         Ayrton Senna        41\n",
       "5      Fernando Alonso        32\n",
       "6        Nigel Mansell        31\n",
       "7       Jackie Stewart        27\n",
       "8       Max Verstappen        26\n",
       "9           Niki Lauda        25\n",
       "10           Jim Clark        25\n",
       "11         Juan Fangio        24\n",
       "12        Nico Rosberg        23\n",
       "13       Nelson Piquet        23\n",
       "14          Damon Hill        22\n",
       "15      Kimi Räikkönen        21\n",
       "16       Mika Häkkinen        20\n",
       "17       Stirling Moss        16\n",
       "18       Jenson Button        15\n",
       "19  Emerson Fittipaldi        14"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1798,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#merging (1) dataframes [drivers, results], (2) creating a full name column and (3) selecting the important columns \n",
    "\n",
    "race_wins = drivers.merge(results,left_on='driverid',right_on='driverId',how = 'left')\n",
    "race_wins['full_name'] = race_wins['forename'] + ' ' + race_wins['surname']\n",
    "\n",
    "race_wins = race_wins[['full_name','position']]\n",
    "\n",
    "# grouping by surname and counting the number of races won\n",
    "\n",
    "highest_rw = race_wins[race_wins['position'] == 1.0].groupby('full_name').count().sort_values(\n",
    "    'position', ascending = False).reset_index()\n",
    "highest_rw.head(20)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "46944893",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "##### Calculating RacePole / GridPole "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1821,
   "id": "67c7db00",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-05T18:56:40.277150Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-05T18:56:40.250428Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>full_name</th>\n",
       "      <th>race poles</th>\n",
       "      <th>grid poles</th>\n",
       "      <th>racexgrid</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Max Verstappen</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.62</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jackie Stewart</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.59</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alain Prost</td>\n",
       "      <td>51</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.55</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Fernando Alonso</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.45</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Michael Schumacher</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.34</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Kimi Räikkönen</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Damon Hill</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>David Coulthard</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.08</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jack Brabham</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.08</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Graham Hill</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.08</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Niki Lauda</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.04</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>Lewis Hamilton</td>\n",
       "      <td>103</td>\n",
       "      <td>103</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nigel Mansell</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.97</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nelson Piquet</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Stirling Moss</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.94</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "             full_name  race poles  grid poles  racexgrid\n",
       "0       Max Verstappen          26          16       1.62\n",
       "1       Jackie Stewart          27          17       1.59\n",
       "2          Alain Prost          51          33       1.55\n",
       "3      Fernando Alonso          32          22       1.45\n",
       "4   Michael Schumacher          91          68       1.34\n",
       "5       Kimi Räikkönen          21          18       1.17\n",
       "6           Damon Hill          22          20       1.10\n",
       "7      David Coulthard          13          12       1.08\n",
       "8         Jack Brabham          14          13       1.08\n",
       "9          Graham Hill          14          13       1.08\n",
       "10          Niki Lauda          25          24       1.04\n",
       "11      Lewis Hamilton         103         103       1.00\n",
       "12       Nigel Mansell          31          32       0.97\n",
       "13       Nelson Piquet          23          24       0.96\n",
       "14       Stirling Moss          16          17       0.94"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1821,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#merging the race wins alongside starting at grid position 1 \n",
    "\n",
    "racexpole = highest_rw.merge(quali_wins,on = 'full_name',how = 'left')\n",
    "racexpole = racexpole[racexpole['grid poles'] > 10]                    #setting minimum grid poles as > 10 \n",
    "racexpole.dropna(inplace=True)                                         #dropping 28 null values\n",
    "\n",
    "#cosmetic changes and calculation of racexgrid pole ratio\n",
    "\n",
    "racexpole.rename(columns={'position':'race poles'},inplace=True)\n",
    "racexpole['grid poles'] = racexpole['grid poles'].astype(int)\n",
    "racexpole['racexgrid'] = (racexpole['race poles']/racexpole['grid poles']).round(2)\n",
    "racexpole = racexpole.sort_values('racexgrid',ascending=False).reset_index(col_level=0)\n",
    "racexpole.drop('index',axis = 1,inplace = True)\n",
    "racexpole.head(15)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1833,
   "id": "47442b9c",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-10T04:33:12.162733Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-10T04:33:11.933768Z"
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    "hidden": true
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      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = racexpole.head(12)\n",
    "fig = px.bar(df, x='full_name', y='racexgrid',\n",
    "         hover_data=['race poles','grid poles'], color='racexgrid',\n",
    "        height=400,color_continuous_scale= 'gray')\n",
    "fig.update_layout(\n",
    "    title=\"Race Poles/Grid Poles Ratio\")\n",
    "fig.update_traces(textfont_size=20,\n",
    "              marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
    "fig.update_xaxes(showgrid=False)\n",
    "fig.update_yaxes(showgrid=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c55391a1",
   "metadata": {
    "hidden": true
   },
   "source": [
    "The above chart indicates Max Verstappen has more wins (26) than pole positions (16). His innate ability to thrive under pressure, as we witnessed in the last lap of the 2021 season and his aggressive driving stance helps him win races even if he isn't the best in qualifying. This is also a case for why Schumacher would be considered the best ever because he's extracted those race points and championships from more challenging grid positions than Lewis Hamilton. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b2a0828a",
   "metadata": {
    "heading_collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "### Worst tracks based on overtaking action"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2190,
   "id": "5b8920df",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-21T09:10:51.002677Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-21T09:10:50.853963Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>circuit</th>\n",
       "      <th>circuitid</th>\n",
       "      <th>driverId</th>\n",
       "      <th>position</th>\n",
       "      <th>grid</th>\n",
       "      <th>raceId</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>302</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>303</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>304</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>305</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>306</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25623</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>817.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25624</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>849.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25625</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>854.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25626</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>825.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25627</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>4389 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                              circuit  circuitid  driverId  position  grid  \\\n",
       "302    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1      18.0       1.0   4.0   \n",
       "303    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       9.0       2.0   9.0   \n",
       "304    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1      13.0       3.0   5.0   \n",
       "305    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       4.0       4.0   3.0   \n",
       "306    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       3.0       5.0   6.0   \n",
       "...                               ...        ...       ...       ...   ...   \n",
       "25623   Miami International Autodrome         79     817.0      13.0  14.0   \n",
       "25624   Miami International Autodrome         79     849.0      14.0  19.0   \n",
       "25625   Miami International Autodrome         79     854.0      15.0  15.0   \n",
       "25626   Miami International Autodrome         79     825.0      16.0  16.0   \n",
       "25627   Miami International Autodrome         79      20.0      17.0   0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "       raceId       year  \n",
       "302       338 2010-01-01  \n",
       "303       338 2010-01-01  \n",
       "304       338 2010-01-01  \n",
       "305       338 2010-01-01  \n",
       "306       338 2010-01-01  \n",
       "...       ...        ...  \n",
       "25623    1078 2022-01-01  \n",
       "25624    1078 2022-01-01  \n",
       "25625    1078 2022-01-01  \n",
       "25626    1078 2022-01-01  \n",
       "25627    1078 2022-01-01  \n",
       "\n",
       "[4389 rows x 7 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2190,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tracks = circuits.merge(races, left_on='circuitid',right_on='circuitId',how = 'inner') \n",
    "tracks = tracks.merge(results,on = 'raceId',how = 'left')\n",
    "tracks = tracks[['name_x','circuitid','driverId','position','grid','raceId','year']]\n",
    "tracks.rename(columns={'name_x':'circuit'},inplace=True)\n",
    "tracks.dropna(inplace = True)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "tracks = tracks.loc[(tracks['year'] >= '2010-01-01')]\n",
    "tracks"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2191,
   "id": "e9c88318",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-21T09:10:53.475024Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-21T09:10:53.439008Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "      <th>302</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
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       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>303</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>304</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>305</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>306</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>338</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25623</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>817.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25624</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>849.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25625</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>854.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25626</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>825.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25627</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>4389 rows × 8 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                              circuit  circuitid  driverId  position  grid  \\\n",
       "302    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1      18.0       1.0   4.0   \n",
       "303    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       9.0       2.0   9.0   \n",
       "304    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1      13.0       3.0   5.0   \n",
       "305    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       4.0       4.0   3.0   \n",
       "306    Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       3.0       5.0   6.0   \n",
       "...                               ...        ...       ...       ...   ...   \n",
       "25623   Miami International Autodrome         79     817.0      13.0  14.0   \n",
       "25624   Miami International Autodrome         79     849.0      14.0  19.0   \n",
       "25625   Miami International Autodrome         79     854.0      15.0  15.0   \n",
       "25626   Miami International Autodrome         79     825.0      16.0  16.0   \n",
       "25627   Miami International Autodrome         79      20.0      17.0   0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "       raceId       year  position_status  \n",
       "302       338 2010-01-01                0  \n",
       "303       338 2010-01-01                0  \n",
       "304       338 2010-01-01                0  \n",
       "305       338 2010-01-01                0  \n",
       "306       338 2010-01-01                0  \n",
       "...       ...        ...              ...  \n",
       "25623    1078 2022-01-01                0  \n",
       "25624    1078 2022-01-01                0  \n",
       "25625    1078 2022-01-01                1  \n",
       "25626    1078 2022-01-01                1  \n",
       "25627    1078 2022-01-01                0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[4389 rows x 8 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2191,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tracks['position_status'] = np.where(tracks['position'] == tracks['grid'],1,0)\n",
    "tracks"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2192,
   "id": "7f28f4ce",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-21T09:10:53.996811Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-21T09:10:53.952321Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>circuit</th>\n",
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       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2022-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4385</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>849.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4386</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>854.0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
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       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
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       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4388</th>\n",
       "      <td>Miami International Autodrome</td>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                             circuit  circuitid  driverId  position  grid  \\\n",
       "0     Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1      18.0       1.0   4.0   \n",
       "1     Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       9.0       2.0   9.0   \n",
       "2     Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1      13.0       3.0   5.0   \n",
       "3     Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       4.0       4.0   3.0   \n",
       "4     Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit          1       3.0       5.0   6.0   \n",
       "...                              ...        ...       ...       ...   ...   \n",
       "4384   Miami International Autodrome         79     817.0      13.0  14.0   \n",
       "4385   Miami International Autodrome         79     849.0      14.0  19.0   \n",
       "4386   Miami International Autodrome         79     854.0      15.0  15.0   \n",
       "4387   Miami International Autodrome         79     825.0      16.0  16.0   \n",
       "4388   Miami International Autodrome         79      20.0      17.0   0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "      raceId       year  position_status  num_races  \n",
       "0        338 2010-01-01                0         11  \n",
       "1        338 2010-01-01                0         11  \n",
       "2        338 2010-01-01                0         11  \n",
       "3        338 2010-01-01                0         11  \n",
       "4        338 2010-01-01                0         11  \n",
       "...      ...        ...              ...        ...  \n",
       "4384    1078 2022-01-01                0          1  \n",
       "4385    1078 2022-01-01                0          1  \n",
       "4386    1078 2022-01-01                1          1  \n",
       "4387    1078 2022-01-01                1          1  \n",
       "4388    1078 2022-01-01                0          1  \n",
       "\n",
       "[4389 rows x 9 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2192,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#counting total number of races held in each track and attaching it to the previously created tracks column\n",
    "\n",
    "total_races = races.loc[(races['year'] >= '2010-01-01')]\n",
    "total_races = total_races.circuitId.value_counts().reset_index()\n",
    "total_races.rename(columns={\"index\":'circuitid','circuitId':'num_races'},inplace=True)\n",
    "tracks = tracks.merge(total_races,on='circuitid',how = 'left')  \n",
    "tracks"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2193,
   "id": "98d412da",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-10-21T09:10:54.736365Z",
     "start_time": "2022-10-21T09:10:54.702475Z"
    },
    "hidden": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/var/folders/q2/5zp2lf0d31gb4f45d_pjk66h0000gn/T/ipykernel_78849/746734935.py:5: SettingWithCopyWarning:\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
      "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
      "\n",
      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
      "\n",
      "/var/folders/q2/5zp2lf0d31gb4f45d_pjk66h0000gn/T/ipykernel_78849/746734935.py:6: SettingWithCopyWarning:\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame\n",
      "\n",
      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>circuit</th>\n",
       "      <th>num_races</th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Yas Marina Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.692308</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hockenheimring</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.166667</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.153846</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit of the Americas</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit de Monaco</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.916667</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Marina Bay Street Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.909091</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.857143</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Shanghai International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.800000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autódromo José Carlos Pace</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.750000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit Gilles Villeneuve</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.727273</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sochi Autodrom</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.625000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hungaroring</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.615385</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.615385</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Red Bull Ring</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.545455</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Autodromo Nazionale di Monza</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.307692</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Silverstone Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.285714</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Baku City Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Suzuka Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Bahrain International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.923077</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.636364</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sepang International Circuit</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.500000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                           circuit  num_races  position_status  \\\n",
       "0               Yas Marina Circuit         13                1   \n",
       "1                   Hockenheimring          6                1   \n",
       "2   Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya         13                1   \n",
       "3          Circuit of the Americas         10                1   \n",
       "4                Circuit de Monaco         12                1   \n",
       "5        Marina Bay Street Circuit         11                1   \n",
       "6     Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez          7                1   \n",
       "7   Shanghai International Circuit         10                1   \n",
       "8       Autódromo José Carlos Pace         12                1   \n",
       "9        Circuit Gilles Villeneuve         11                1   \n",
       "10                  Sochi Autodrom          8                1   \n",
       "11                     Hungaroring         13                1   \n",
       "12    Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps         13                1   \n",
       "13                   Red Bull Ring         11                1   \n",
       "14    Autodromo Nazionale di Monza         13                1   \n",
       "15             Silverstone Circuit         14                1   \n",
       "16               Baku City Circuit          6                1   \n",
       "17                  Suzuka Circuit         11                1   \n",
       "18   Bahrain International Circuit         13                1   \n",
       "19  Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit         11                1   \n",
       "20    Sepang International Circuit          8                1   \n",
       "\n",
       "    count_unchanged_position  boring_score  \n",
       "0                         48      3.692308  \n",
       "1                         19      3.166667  \n",
       "2                         41      3.153846  \n",
       "3                         30      3.000000  \n",
       "4                         35      2.916667  \n",
       "5                         32      2.909091  \n",
       "6                         20      2.857143  \n",
       "7                         28      2.800000  \n",
       "8                         33      2.750000  \n",
       "9                         30      2.727273  \n",
       "10                        21      2.625000  \n",
       "11                        34      2.615385  \n",
       "12                        34      2.615385  \n",
       "13                        28      2.545455  \n",
       "14                        30      2.307692  \n",
       "15                        32      2.285714  \n",
       "16                        12      2.000000  \n",
       "17                        22      2.000000  \n",
       "18                        25      1.923077  \n",
       "19                        18      1.636364  \n",
       "20                        12      1.500000  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2193,
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   "source": [
    "circuit_rating = tracks[tracks['num_races'] >= 5].groupby(['circuit','num_races'],as_index=False)['position_status'].value_counts()\n",
    "\n",
    "#checking for tracks that had the least amount of overtaking action\n",
    "boring = circuit_rating[circuit_rating['position_status'] == 1]\n",
    "boring['boring_score'] = boring['count'].divide(boring['num_races'])\n",
    "boring.rename(columns={'count':'count_unchanged_position'},inplace=True)\n",
    "boring_tracks = boring.sort_values('boring_score',ascending=False).reset_index(col_level=0)\n",
    "boring_tracks.drop('index',axis = 1,inplace = True)\n",
    "boring_tracks"
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    "df = boring_tracks.head(10)\n",
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    "         hover_data=['num_races','count_unchanged_position'], color='num_races',\n",
    "        height=400,color_continuous_scale= 'ice')\n",
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    "    title=\"Worst Tracks to Overtake\")\n",
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    "              marker=dict(line=dict(color='#000000', width=2)))\n",
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    "The data is filtered to include only observations after 2009. Monaco, considered an iconic track for the generational history of F1, makes it to this list. Monaco GP is poorly designed for modern-day F1 cars, which are much bigger than the race cars of the 1990s. The lack of room in the track makes it extremely hard for drivers to overtake on race day."
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