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01_slides.Rmd
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---
title: "Transparency in the Evidence-Based-Policy Pipeline: Challenges and Solutions"
author: "Fernando Hoces de la Guardia, BITSS"
subtitle: "Data H195A, UC Berkeley"
date: "November 2021 | [slides](https://bitss.github.io/Berkeley-DATAH195A-slides/)"
output:
xaringan::moon_reader:
footer: "These slides available at https://bitss.github.io/Berkeley-DATAH195A-slides/"
css: [default, metropolis, metropolis-fonts]
lib_dir: libs
nature:
ratio: '16:9'
highlightStyle: github
highlightLines: true
countIncrementalSlides: false
# slideNumberFormat: |
# <div class="progress-bar" style="width: calc(%current% / %total% * 100%);">
editor_options:
chunk_output_type: console
---
background-image: url("Images/BITSSlogo.png"), url(Images/cega.png)
background-size: contain, 200px
background-position: 50% 100% , 0% 100%
count:true
#[BITSS](https://bitss.org)
<style>
.center2 {
margin: 0;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
-ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
pre.sourceCode {
max-height: 200px;
overflow-y: auto;
}
/*
.remark-slide-number {
position: inherit;
}
.remark-slide-number .progress-bar-container {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
height: 4px;
display: block;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
.remark-slide-number .progress-bar {
height: 100%;
background-color: blue;
}
*/
</style>
```{css, echo=FALSE}
# CSS for including pauses in printed PDF output (see bottom of lecture)
@media print {
.has-continuation {
display: block !important;
}
}
```
```{r setup, include=FALSE}
options(htmltools.dir.version = FALSE)
library(knitr)
opts_chunk$set(
fig.align="center",
fig.height=4, #fig.width=6,
# out.width="748px", #out.length="520.75px",
dpi=300, #fig.path='Figs/',
cache=T ,#,
echo=F #warning=F, message=F
)
library(tidyverse)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(fontawesome)
```
.pull-left[
The Berkeley Initiative for Transparency in the Social Sciences works to improve </br>the credibility of science by </br>
advancing transparency, </br> reproducibility, rigor, and </br> ethics in research and policy analysis.
.font130[**Core Team**]
Aleks Bogdanoski
Fernando Hoces de la Guardia
Katie Hoeberling
Edward Miguel
]
.pull-right[ .right[
We are part of the Center for Effective Global Action ([CEGA](https://cega.berkeley.edu/)).
</br></br></br></br></br></br></br>
.font130[**Many Others**]
CEGA staff
Undergrad and Graduate RAs
Catalysts
Outside Collaborators
(Researchers, Programmers)
]]
---
background-image: url("Images/ecosystem.PNG"), url(Images/cega.png)
background-size: contain, 200px
background-position: 50% 100% , 0% 100%
name: about-bitss
count:true
# Part of the much larger Open Science Community
---
background-image: url(Images/figure_1_1.png)
background-size: 900px
background-position: 50% 80%
# Today's Presentation
.font180[
- Part I: Transparency in Research
- Part II: Transparency in Policy Analysis
]
---
background-image: url(Images/figure_1_1_black2.png)
background-size: 900px
background-position: 50% 80%
count: false
# Today's Presentation
.font180[
- **Part I: Transparency in Research **
- Part II: Transparency in Policy Analysis
]
---
# What does it mean to do good science?
.font160[
Scientific Norms (Merton, 1942, [1973](https://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/students/envs_5110/merton_sociology_science.pdf)):
- **Disinterestedness**: search for the truth
- **Organized skepticism**: peer review and replication
- **Communality**: researchers should share all the scientific output (papers, data, code and materials)
- **Universalism**: validity comes from quality of a scientific finding and not the hierarchies of those making the claims.
]
---
background-image: url("Images/AMdV2007_01.PNG")
background-size: contain
background-position: 50% 100%
count:false
# .font80[Researchers and Scientific Norms (Anderson et. al., 2007)]
---
background-image: url("Images/AMdV2007_02.png")
background-size: contain
background-position: 50% 100%
count:false
# .font80[Researchers and Scientific Norms (Anderson et. al., 2007)]
---
background-image: url("Images/AMdV2007.png")
background-size: contain
background-position: 50% 100%
count:true
# .font80[Researchers and Scientific Norms (Anderson et. al., 2007)]
---
background-image: url("Images/Brodeur.PNG")
background-size: contain
background-position: 50% 100%
# P-hacking (for Economics: Brodeur et. al 2016, 2020)
---
background-image: url("Images/Tess.PNG")
background-size: contain
background-position: 50% 100%
# Publication Bias (Franco et. al. 2014)
---
# .font80[ Low Replicability and Reproducibility ("Reproducibility Crisis")]
</br></br>
.font180[
| Replication in Social Sciences<br>(same method, different sample) | Reproduction in Economics<br>(same data and methods) |
|------------------------------------------------------------------- |------------------------------------------------------ |
| OSC ([2015](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mm_4HZnEz_2Bh8XuiS2tpqCH08MFPyqUhi1baKPqR8Y/edit#heading=h.7vqf2cziid7z)): 30%-60% | Chang & Li ([2015](https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/Details/CFR-0053)): 43% |
| Camerer et. al. ([2016](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6280/1433)): ~60% | Gertler et. al. ([2017](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-02108-9)): 14% |
| Nosek & Camerer et. al. ([2018](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-018-0399-z)): ~60% | Kingi et. al. ([2018](https://hautahi.com/static/docs/Replication_aejae.pdf)): 43% |
| Klein et. al. ([2018](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2515245918810225)): 50% | Wood et. al. ([2018](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209416#abstract0)): 25% |
]
---
name: bitss
# Main Solutions
.font160[
1. Registrations
2. Pre Analysis Plans
3. Computational Reproducibility
4. Others: Reporting Guidelines, Pre-prints, etc.
]
---
# Registrations
<br>
.font130[
- A registration is a record that contains minimal information about a study: title, authors, study country, status, keywords, abstract, start and end dates, outcomes, intervention information, basic research design, whether or not treatments are clustered (when performing an RCT), and Institutional Review Board (IRB) information.
- Preferably, it should be recorded before analyzing data
- **The main goal:** track the complete body of knowledge in a topic of research, regardless of the direction and magnitude of the results.
]
---
background-image: url("Images/plosone.PNG")
background-size: contain
background-position: 50% 100%
# Why Register: Kaplan and Irvin (2015)
---
# Pre-Analysis Plans
<br>
.font140[
- PAPs are **extensive** methodological descriptions of the analysis to be performed before the endline data is collected
- Helps to prevents p-hacking
- Only way to guarantee accurate statistical testing
- Distinguishes confirmatory from exploratory analysis
]
---
# Common Concerns About PAPs
<br>
.font130[
| Critique | Response |
|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|
| PAPs take too much time and are <br>too difficult (Olken 2015) | A PAP changes the timing of the analytic <br>component, not clear that it increases it |
| Scientific discovery often comes<br>from surprises. PAPs stifle <br>discovery (Olken 2015) | PAPs do not prevent researchers from doing <br>exploratory work; they only require <br>researchers to be clear about the objectives <br>of their analyses (Ofosu and Posner 2020). |
| If replications are cheap they will <br>rule out false positives, making <br>PAPs irrelevant.<br>(Coffman and Niederle 2015) | Very few experiments are inexpensive as to perform <br>many replications. Moreover, most of the false <br>positives have been identified where experiments <br>are least expensive (lab experiments). |
]
---
background-image: url("Images/results_blind_review.png")
background-size: contain
background-position: 50% 100%
# Another Reason: Register Reports
---
count:false
# .font90[Computational Reproducibility: Why?]
.pull-left[
.font120[
<blockquote>
Clarebout Principle:
</br></br>
“An article about computational science in a scientific publication is not the scholarship itself, it’s merely scholarship advertisement. The actual scholarship is the complete software development environment and the complete set of instructions which generated the figures.”
</br></br>
.right[ <cite> Buckheit and D.L. Donoho (1995, [2009](https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8QZ2MDS/download))</cite> ]
</blockquote>
]
]
---
background-image: url("Images/iceberg.jpg")
background-size: 50%
background-position: 100% 50%
# .font90[Computational Reproducibility: Why?]
.pull-left[
.font120[
<blockquote>
Clarebout Principle:
</br></br>
“An <b>article</b> about computational science in a scientific publication is not the scholarship itself, <b>it’s merely scholarship advertisement</b>. The actual <b>scholarship is the complete software development environment and the complete set of instructions which generated the figures</b>.”
</br></br>
.right[ <cite> Buckheit and D.L. Donoho (1995, [2009](https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8QZ2MDS/download))</cite> ]
</blockquote>
]
]
---
# .font90[More Inclusive Concept Scholarly Output]
.font130[
Potential benefits of following the Clarebout Principle
Well discussed potential positive effects on:
- Pedagogy
- Incremental generation of knowledge
]
--
.font130[
Under discussed:
- Possible positive effect on diversity, equity and inclusion: no connections or language skills ("appropriate politeness") required to obtain materials
]
???
An under discussed benefit of this principle is that increases access to knowledge for students who are outside of elite schools (no connections or "appropriate politeness" required to obtain materials).
---
# Prevent Loss of Knowledge
Every semester, graduate students around **the world** take an Empirical/Applied [`...`] Economics course. A typical assignment consists of reproducing the results of a paper and, possibly, testing the robustness of its results.
--
| Stage | New Knowledge |
|:-----------------: |:------------------------------------------------------------: |
| </br></br> | |
| </br></br> | |
| </br></br> | |
| </br></br> | </br> |
---
count:false
# Prevent Loss of Knowledge
Every semester, graduate students around **the world** take an Empirical/Applied [`...`] Economics course. A typical assignment consists of reproducing the results of a paper and, possibly, testing the robustness of its results.
| Stage | New Knowledge |
|:-----------------: |:------------------------------------------------------------: |
| Scope </br> (select and verify) | Data and code exist? |
| </br></br> | |
| </br></br> | |
| </br></br> | </br> |
---
count:false
# Prevent Loss of Knowledge
Every semester, graduate students around **the world** take an Empirical/Applied [`...`] Economics course. A typical assignment consists of reproducing the results of a paper and, possibly, testing the robustness of its results.
| Stage | New Knowledge |
|:-----------------: |:------------------------------------------------------------: |
| Scope </br> (select and verify) | Data and code exist? |
| Assess | Degree of reproducibility for <br>specific part of the paper |
| </br></br> | |
| </br></br> | </br> |
---
count:false
# Prevent Loss of Knowledge
Every semester, graduate students around **the world** take an Empirical/Applied [`...`] Economics course. A typical assignment consists of reproducing the results of a paper and, possibly, testing the robustness of its results.
| Stage | New Knowledge |
|:-----------------: |:------------------------------------------------------------: |
| Scope </br> (select and verify) | Data and code exist? |
| Assess | Degree of reproducibility for <br>specific part of the paper |
| Improve | E.g. fixed paths, libraries,<br>added missing files, etc. |
| </br></br> | </br> |
---
count:false
# Prevent Loss of Knowledge
Every semester, graduate students around **the world** take an Empirical/Applied [`...`] Economics course. A typical assignment consists of reproducing the results of a paper and, possibly, testing the robustness of its results.
| Stage | New Knowledge |
|:-----------------: |:------------------------------------------------------------: |
| Scope </br> (select and verify) | Data and code exist? |
| Assess | Degree of reproducibility for <br>specific part of the paper |
| Improve | E.g. fixed paths, libraries,<br>added missing files, etc. |
| Test robustness | Results are robust to additional <br>specifications |
---
# Prevent Loss of Knowledge
</br>
.font120[
- In each of the previous steps there was valuable new knowledge
- This knowledge is not usually disseminated
- End of semester report, or presentation that is not published.
- Language across courses is not standard (reproduction? replication?)
- Current attempts to record this are closer to a full paper format (see [Replication Wiki](https://replication.uni-goettingen.de/))
- As a result there is a large amount of missed knowledge.
- Each new semester, new students repeat similar excesses and have to reinvent the wheel.
- Lost opportunity for building on top of previous exercises.
- Lost opportunity for aggregating the new knowledge.
]
---
name: guidelines
# Context for ACRE
- American Economics Association (AEA) creates first data policy in 2006.
- Must publish some data (waivers available)
--
- AEA updates [policy in 2019](https://www.aeaweb.org/journals/policies/data-code/).
- Must post all data and code. Publication is conditional on verifying reproducibility (if confidential: must document extensively)
- A new requirement is to post all cleaning code, even for data that is not public
--
- We should expect high levels of computational reproducibility after 2019 (AEA).
--
- We should not demand 100% reproducibility before, but we could identify the gaps and try to improve some.
---
# .font90[**A**ccelerating **C**omputational **Re**producibility: Framework]
## Beyond Binary Judgments
Reproductions can easily gravitate towards adversarial exchanges.
- Early career researchers (ECR) have incentives to emphasize unsuccessful reproductions
- Original authors have a more senior position and can use it to deter in-depth reproductions from ECRs.
- The media also focuses on eye-catching headlines
--
### Our approach:
We do not want to say
> "Paper X is (ir)reproducible"
--
We do want to say
> "Result Y in paper X has a high/low level of reproducibility according to several reproduction attempts. Moreover, improvements have been made to the original reproduction package, increasing its reproducibility to a higher level"
---
count: true
background-image: url(Images/paper-claims.svg)
background-size: 610px
background-position: 75% 0%
# ACRe Framework
.pull-left[
.font100[
Each **reproduction attempt** is centered <br>
around scientific **claims** (following [SCORE](https://replicats.research.unimelb.edu.au)).
One paper can contain several claims.
Each claim may be supported by various </br>
**display items**: tables, figures & inline results.
A reproduction attempt is at the claim level, <br>
and reproducers must record their <br>
**specifications** of interest.
Key challenge: **standardization** of concepts <br>
and formats.
]
DI: Display Item
S: Specificaiton
]
.pull-right[
]
```{r diagram, echo = FALSE, eval=FALSE, out.width='170%', retina=2}
library(DiagrammeR)
grViz("
digraph a_nice_graph {
graph [layout = neato, rankdir= TB, overlap=true] ## layout = [neato|twopi, etc]
#https://rich-iannone.github.io/DiagrammeR/graphviz_and_mermaid.html
# node definitions with substituted label text
node [fontname = Helvetica, shape = box, style=empty ]
paper [label = '@@1'] ## label indicates the position of the letter
node [fontname = Helvetica, shape = diamond, fontsize = 10, fixedsize = TRUE, fillcolor=Gray]
claim1 [label = '@@2-1', color=red]
claim2 [label = '@@2-2']
claim3 [label = '@@2-3']
node [fontname = Helvetica, shape = circle, fillcolor=YellowGreen, fixedsize = TRUE]
output1 [label = '@@3-1', color = red]
output2 [label = '@@3-2']
output3 [label = '@@3-3']
output4 [label = '@@3-4']
output5 [label = '@@3-5']
output6 [label = '@@3-6']
node [fontname = Helvetica, shape = circle, fixedsize = TRUE, fillcolor=Peru]
spec1 [label = '@@4-1', color=red]
spec2 [label = '@@4-2']
spec3 [label = '@@4-3']
spec4 [label = '@@4-4']
spec5 [label = '@@4-5']
spec6 [label = '@@4-6']
spec7 [label = '@@4-7']
spec8 [label = '@@4-8']
spec9 [label = '@@4-9']
spec10 [label = '@@4-10']
spec11 [label = '@@4-11']
spec12 [label = '@@4-12']
# edge definitions with the node IDs
paper -> {claim1} [color=red] ##[label = ...] adds text on the edge
paper -> {claim2 claim3}
claim1 -> {output1} [color=red]
claim1 -> {output2}
claim2 -> {output3 output4}
claim3 -> {output5 output6}
output1 -> {spec1} [color=red]
output1 -> {spec2}
output2 -> {spec3 spec4}
output3 -> {spec5 spec6}
output4 -> {spec7 spec8}
output5 -> {spec9 spec10}
output6 -> {spec11 spec12}
}
[1]: 'Paper' ## adds label to each box
[2]: c('Claim 1', 'Claim 2', 'Claim 3')
[3]: c('DI 1' , 'DI 2', 'DI 3', 'DI 4', 'DI 5', 'DI 6')
[4]: paste0('S ', 1:10)
")
```
---
background-image: url(Images/home_page.png)
background-size: contain
count:true
.center[
# Demo: [socialsciencereproduction.org]()
]
---
background-image: url(Images/stages.svg)
background-size: contain
# Stages
---
background-image: url(Images/select.svg), url(Images/select_paper.png)
background-size: 400px, 700px
background-position: 95% 100%, 0% 10%
count:false
# Select a paper
---
background-image: url(Images/select.svg), url(Images/select_example.png), url(Images/select_paper.png)
background-size: 400px, 600px, 700px
background-position: 95% 100%, 100% 0%, 0% 10%
count:true
# Select a paper
---
background-image: url(Images/scope.svg), url(Images/scope_paper.png)
background-size: 400px, 700px
background-position: 95% 100%, 0% 10%
count:false
# Scope
---
background-image: url(Images/scope.svg), url(Images/scope_paper2.png) , url(Images/scope_paper.png)
background-size: 400px, 500px, 700px
background-position: 95% 100%, 90% 0%, 0% 10%
count:false
# Scope
---
background-image: url(Images/scope.svg), url(Images/scope_example.png), url(Images/scope_paper2.png) , url(Images/scope_paper.png)
background-size: 400px, 600px, 500px, 700px
background-position: 95% 100%, 100% 75%, 90% 0%, 0% 10%
count:true
# Scope
---
background-image: url(Images/assess.svg), url(Images/assess_paper1.png)
background-size: 400px, 120px
background-position: 95% 100%, 0% 10%
count:false
# Assess
---
background-image: url(Images/assess.svg), url(Images/assess_paper2.png)
background-size: 400px, 120px
background-position: 95% 100%, 0% 10%
count:false
# Assess
---
background-image: url(Images/assess.svg), url(Images/assess_example1.png), url(Images/assess_paper2.png)
background-size: 400px, 500px, 120px
background-position: 95% 100%, 15% 50%, 0% 10%
count:false
# Assess
---
background-image: url(Images/assess_example2.png), url(Images/assess.svg), url(Images/assess_example1.png) , url(Images/assess_paper2.png)
background-size: 600px, 400px, 500px, 120px
background-position: 100% 80%,95% 100%, 15% 50%, 0% 10%
count:true
# Assess
---
background-image: url(Images/improve.svg)
background-size: 700px
background-position: 50% 20%
# Improvements
</br></br></br></br></br></br></br></br>
## Three types of improvements:
.font130[
1. Improvements at the paper level
2. Improvements at the display-item level
3. Specific future improvements
]
---
background-image: url(Images/improve.svg)
background-size: 300px
background-position: 0% 100%
# Improvements: Paper-level
.font140[
- Use version control software (Git/Github).
- Improve documentation: comments, indentations, object names, etc.
- Re-organize the reproduction package into a set of folders and sub-folders that follow [standardized best practices](https://www.projecttier.org/tier-protocol/specifications/#overview-of-the-documentation), and add a master script that executes all the code in order, with no further modifications. [See AEA's reproduction template](https://github.com/AEADataEditor/replication-template).
- Literate programming environment (e.g., Jupyter notebooks, RMarkdown)
- Re-write code using a differenet statistical software (ideally open source, like R, Python, or Julia).
- Set up a computing capsule (e.g., [Binder](https://mybinder.org/) and [Code Ocean](https://codeocean.com/)).
]
---
background-image: url(Images/improve.svg)
background-size: 300px
background-position: 0% 100%
# Improvements: Display item-level
</br>
.font120[
- Adding missing raw data: files or meta-data
- Example: "Add raw temperature and relative humidity data"
- Adding missing analytic data files
- Example: "Copy the row files from Data folder into new `Analysis\trade cost\Input`"
- Adding missing analysis or cleaning code
- Example: "Replaced broken Wald bootstrap code with updated code/command"
- Debugging code
- Example: "was counting each group 4 times in round 1, so fixed that"
]
---
background-image: url(Images/improve.svg)
background-size: 300px
background-position: 0% 100%
# Improvements: future possible
We ask reproducer to leave concise and actionable tasks for other reproducers in the future.
Example 1:
>"Revise the .aml and .bat code scripts to reflect reorganized structure"
Example 2:
> "Provide data and codes generating the other two figures in the paper, which are not given in the replication file."
Example 3:
> "Table 3 can be reproduced identically from the [...] analytic data files. I was not able to reproduce the analytic data files due to lack of access to ArcGIS software, but the code scripts and raw data files [...] are included in the reproduction package."
---
background-image: url(Images/robust.svg)
background-size: 700px
background-position: 50% 20%
# Robustness Checks
</br></br></br></br></br></br></br></br>
## Two main parts for robustness:
.font130[
1. Increase the number of robustness checks
2. Justify the appropriateness of a specific test
]
---
background-image: url(Images/robust.svg), url("Images/robustness checks.svg")
background-size: 300px, 500px
background-position: 0% 100%, 100% 60%
# Robustness
**Robustness checks:** any possible change in a computational choice, both in data analysis and data cleaning
--
.pull-left[
**Reasonable specifications** ([Simonsohn et. al., 2018](https://urisohn.com/sohn_files/wp/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Paper-Specification-curve-2018-11-02.pdf)):
1. Sensible tests of the research question
2. Expected to be statistically valid, and
3. Not redundant with other specifications in the set.
Reproducers will be able to record two types of contributions:
- Mapping the universe of robustness checks
- Proposing a specific robustness check
]
---
background-image: url(Images/robust.svg)
background-size: 400px
background-position: 95% 95%
# Robustness & Reproducibility
.pull-left[
Robustness with level 1
```{r out.width = '60%'}
# url
knitr::include_graphics("Images/robustness_lvl0.svg")
```
Robustness with levels 5-9
```{r out.width = '60%'}
# url
knitr::include_graphics("Images/robustness checks.svg")
```
]
.pull-left[
Robustness with levels 2-4
```{r out.width = '60%'}
# url
knitr::include_graphics("Images/robustness_lvl2_4.svg")
```
Robustness with level 10
```{r out.width = '60%'}
# url
knitr::include_graphics("Images/robustness_lvl10.svg")
```
]
---
background-image: url(Images/completed_repro1.png)
background-size: 450px
background-position: 0% 0%
count:false
# Completed Reproduction: [Example](https://www.socialsciencereproduction.org/reproductions/40/published/index)
---
background-image: url(Images/completed_repro2.png), url(Images/completed_repro1.png)
background-size: 300px, 450px
background-position: 35% 0%, 0% 0%
count:false
# Completed Reproduction: [Example](https://www.socialsciencereproduction.org/reproductions/40/published/index)
---
background-image: url(Images/completed_repro3.png) ,url(Images/completed_repro2.png), url(Images/completed_repro1.png)
background-size: 600px , 300px, 450px
background-position: 100% 10%, 35% 0%, 0% 0%
count:true
# Completed Reproduction: [Example](https://www.socialsciencereproduction.org/reproductions/40/published/index)
.pull-right[
.font130[
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
- **Share it:** Original authors, instructors, other researchers, add it to your CV
- **Discuss it:** Discourse forum for reproductions
- **Cite it:** Reproduction DOI coming soon
]
]
---
# Promoting a Constructive Exchange
.font120[
#### 1 - Contacting the original author(s) when there is no reproduction package
#### 2 - Contacting the original author(s) to request specific missing items of a reproduction package
#### 3 - Asking for additional guidance when some materials have been shared
#### 4 - Response when the original author has refused to share due to *undisclosed reasons*
#### 5 - Response when the original author has refused to share due to legal or ethical restrictions of the data
#### 6 - Contacting the original author to share the results of your reproduction exercise
#### 7 - Responding to hostile responses from original authors
#### Additionally: sample responses form authors to reproducers
]
---
# .font80[Example 1: There is no reproduction package]
.font70[
>**Subject:** Reproduction package for `[“Title of the paper”]`
>Dear Dr. `[Lastname of Corresponding Author]`,
>
> I am contacting you to request a reproduction package for your paper titled `[Title]` which was published in `[Reference]`. A reproduction package may contain (raw and/or analytic) data, code, and other documentation that makes it possible to reproduce paper. Would you be able to share any of these items?
>
>I am a `[position]` at `[Institution]`, and I would like to reproduce the results, tables, and other figures using the reproduction materials mentioned above. I have chosen this paper because `[add context ...]`. Unfortunately, I was not able to locate any of these materials on the journal website, Dataverse `[or other data and code repositories]`, or in your website.
>
>I will record the result of my reproduction attempt on ACRE [...]. With your permission, I will also record the materials you share with me, which would allow access for other reproducers and avoid repeated requests directed to you. Please let me know if there are any legal or ethical restrictions that apply to all or parts of the reproduction materials so that I can take that into consideration during this exercise.
>
>In addition to your response above, would you be available to respond to future (non-repetitive) inquiries from me or other reproducers conducting an ACRE excercise? Though your cooperation with my and/or any future request would be extremely helpful, please note that you are *not required to comply*.
>Since I am required to complete this project by `[date]`, I would appreciate your response by `[deadline]`.
>
>Let me know if you have any questions. Please also feel free to contact my supervisor/instructor `[Name (email)]` for further details on this exercise. Thank you in advance for your help!
>
>Best regards,
>`[Reproducer]`
]
---
count:false
# .font80[Example 1: There is no reproduction package]
.font70[
>**Subject:** Reproduction package for `[“Title of the paper”]`
>Dear Dr. `[Lastname of Corresponding Author]`,
>
> I am contacting you to request a reproduction package for your paper titled `[Title]` which was published in `[Reference]`. A reproduction package may contain (raw and/or analytic) data, code, and other documentation that makes it possible to reproduce paper. Would you be able to share any of these items?
>
>I am a `[position]` at `[Institution]`, and I would like to reproduce the results, tables, and other figures using the reproduction materials mentioned above. I have chosen this paper because `[add context ...]`. **Unfortunately, I was not able to locate any of these materials on the journal website, Dataverse `[or other data and code repositories]`, or in your website**.
>
>**I will record the result of my reproduction attempt on ACRE [...]. With your permission, I will also record the materials you share with me, which would allow access for other reproducers and avoid repeated requests directed to you. Please let me know if there are any legal or ethical restrictions that apply to all or parts of the reproduction materials so that I can take that into consideration during this exercise.**
>
>In addition to your response above, would you be available to respond to future (non-repetitive) inquiries from me or other reproducers conducting an ACRE excercise? **Though your cooperation with my and/or any future request would be extremely helpful, please note that you are *not required to comply*.**
>Since I am required to complete this project by `[date]`, I would appreciate your response by `[deadline]`.
>
>Let me know if you have any questions. Please also feel free to contact my supervisor/instructor `[Name (email)]` for further details on this exercise. Thank you in advance for your help!
>
>Best regards,
>`[Reproducer]`
]
---
# .font80[Example 1: Following up on additional materials]
**Template email:**
>**Subject:** Clarification for reproduction materials for `[“Title of the paper”]`
>Dear Dr. `[Lastname of Corresponding Author]`,
>
>Thank you for sharing the materials. They have been immensely helpful for my work.
>
>Unfortunately, I ran into a few issues as I delved into the reproduction exercise, and I think your guidance would be helpful in resolving them. `[Describe the issues and how you have tried to resolve them. Describe whatever files or parts of the data or code are missing. Refer to examples 1 and 2 below for more details]`.
>
>Thank you in advance for your help.
>
>Best regards,
>`[Reproducer]`
---
count:false
# .font80[Example 1: Following up on additional materials]
**Template email:**
>**Subject:** Clarification for reproduction materials for `[“Title of the paper”]`
>Dear Dr. `[Lastname of Corresponding Author]`,
>
>Thank you for sharing the materials. They have been immensely helpful for my work.
>
>Unfortunately, I ran into a few issues as I delved into the reproduction exercise, and I think your guidance would be helpful in resolving them. **`[Describe the issues and how you have tried to resolve them. Describe whatever files or parts of the data or code are missing. Refer to examples 1 and 2 below for more details]`**.