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| <?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BetaMasaheft/schema/master/tei-betamesaheft.rng" | ||
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| type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?> | ||
| <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="STU0009AmharicGram" xml:lang="en" type="studies"> | ||
| <teiHeader> | ||
| <fileDesc> | ||
| <titleStmt> | ||
| <title>Theoriam Linguae Aethiopicae dictae Amaharae complectens</title> | ||
| <editor role="generalEditor" key="AB"/> | ||
| <editor key="CH"/> | ||
| <funder>Akademie der Wissenschaften in Hamburg</funder> | ||
| </titleStmt> | ||
| <publicationStmt> | ||
| <authority>Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik</authority> | ||
| <publisher>Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale | ||
| Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft</publisher> | ||
| <pubPlace>Hamburg</pubPlace> | ||
| <availability> | ||
| <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"> This file is | ||
| licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. </licence> | ||
| </availability> | ||
| </publicationStmt> | ||
| <sourceDesc> | ||
| <listWit> | ||
| <witness corresp="#BLorient12996"/> | ||
| </listWit> | ||
| </sourceDesc> | ||
| </fileDesc> | ||
| <encodingDesc> | ||
| <p>A digital born TEI file</p> | ||
| </encodingDesc> | ||
| <profileDesc> | ||
| <creation/> | ||
| <abstract> | ||
| <p>Amharic grammar in Latin, by an anonymous author by the middle of the 18th century. Many Amharic words and | ||
| expressions are translated into Italian and many Italian terms are used instead of Latin. For this reason, it can be assumed, | ||
| that the author was a native Italian. He probably learnt Amharic from an Ethiopian, because he probably did not know | ||
| <bibl><ptr target="bm:Ludolf1698Grammatica"/></bibl> and he emphasises the importance of learning the | ||
| pronunciation from a native speaker: <foreign xml:lang="la">Quod concernit pronuntiationem linguae Amaharae, | ||
| optime aqviritur viva M<supplied reason="omitted">a</supplied>gistri voce; et qui eam praetendit adiscere absque | ||
| Magistro fallit</foreign>. | ||
| Gemination is sometimes, but probably only in the perfect form (cf. <locus target="#26v #30r #30v"/>), indicated by a | ||
| wavy line (~) on top of the character. </p> | ||
| </abstract> | ||
| <textClass> | ||
| <keywords> | ||
| <term key="AmharicLiterature"/> | ||
| </keywords> | ||
| </textClass> | ||
| <langUsage> | ||
| <language ident="en">English</language> | ||
| <language ident="am">Amharic</language> | ||
| <language ident="la">Latin</language> | ||
| </langUsage> | ||
| </profileDesc> | ||
| <revisionDesc> | ||
| <change who="CH" when="2024-07-17">Created entity</change> | ||
| </revisionDesc> | ||
| </teiHeader> | ||
| <text> | ||
| <body> | ||
| <div type="bibliography"/><!----> | ||
| <div type="edition" xml:lang="la"> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Script"> | ||
| <label>Script and Phonetics</label> | ||
| <note>Introduction to the Ethiopic alphasyllabary and the phonetics of the language. The author gives the Arabic letters | ||
| corresponding to the Amharic characters and also indicates the pronunciation with reference to German (indicated as | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="la">Germ.</foreign>), Czech (indicated as <foreign xml:lang="la">Boem.</foreign>, Italian | ||
| (indicated as <foreign xml:lang="la">Ital.</foreign>, and French <foreign xml:lang="la">Gall.</foreign>. There | ||
| are also references to Persian. The author notes the letters <foreign xml:lang="am">ፙ</foreign>, transliterated as | ||
| 'moa', a form similar to <foreign xml:lang="am">ፙ</foreign>, but with a mark of the second order on the right side | ||
| and transliterated as 'mha' (sic) as well as <foreign xml:lang="am">ኸ</foreign>, transliterated as 'chha', etc. | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="am">ጸ</foreign> and <foreign xml:lang="am">ፀ</foreign> are both transliterated as 'za', | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="am">ጀ</foreign> is transliterated as 'gia'. The series of ž is noted by | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="am">ዠ</foreign>etc. (a character with a mark on the lower left side, which signifies the sixth | ||
| order <figure><graphic url="https://betamasaheft.eu/resources/images/snippets/BLorient12996/sign1.png" height="30px"> | ||
| </graphic></figure>). | ||
| The pronunciation of <foreign xml:lang="am">ቸ</foreign> is indicated as 'cia' (but on f. 5r in the manuscript: | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="cs">cža</foreign> <foreign xml:lang="la">Boem.</foreign>) and that of | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="am">ጨ</foreign> as 'cca' (but <foreign xml:lang="cs">cža</foreign> (sic!) | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="la">Boemice</foreign>). The author notes the difference between the first and the fourth orders | ||
| only as a difference in length but indicates the two functions of the sixth.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Oration1"> | ||
| <label>De partibus Orationis</label> | ||
| <note>Some orations as language samples.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Declination"> | ||
| <label>De Nomine et sua Declinatione</label> | ||
| <note>On the declension of the noun. The author distinguishes six cases: 'nom.', 'gen.', 'dat.', 'acc.', 'voc.', and 'abl.' | ||
| (i.e. <foreign xml:lang="am">ባርያ፡</foreign>, <foreign xml:lang="am">የባርያ፡</foreign>, | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="am">ለባርያ፡</foreign>, <foreign xml:lang="am">ለባርያ፡</foreign>, | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="am">ባርያ፡</foreign> and <foreign xml:lang="am">ከባርያ፡</foreign>).</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Pronouns"> | ||
| <label>De Pronominibus</label> | ||
| <note>On pronouns.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="VerbalAffixes"> | ||
| <label>De Affixis Verborum</label> | ||
| <note>On verbal affixes.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Oration2"> | ||
| <label>De alijs Orationis partibus</label> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Numbers"> | ||
| <label>De Numero</label> | ||
| <note>On the numbers (i.e. <foreign xml:lang="am">፩</foreign>, <foreign xml:lang="am">፪</foreign>, | ||
| <foreign xml:lang="am">፫</foreign>, etc.), which do not have the conventional two horizontal dashes.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Conjugation"> | ||
| <label>De Verbo, et ejus Conjugatione</label> | ||
| <note>On the verb and its conjugation.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="AffirmativeVerbs"> | ||
| <label>Conjugatio Verbi Affirmativi</label> | ||
| <note>Conjugation of affirmative verbs, that are described here as <foreign xml:lang="it">Ingiuriare</foreign> | ||
| (i.e. verbs 'to offend').</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Particles"> | ||
| <label>Modus et forma struendi reliquos Modos</label> | ||
| <note>Description containing twenty-four notes on the different particles used with the verb.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Participle"> | ||
| <label>De Participio sive Supino in Rus.</label> | ||
| <note>On participles (sic) of the pattern 'supino' (i.e. 'supine') in Rus. (i.e. in Russian?)</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="ParticipleAgentis"> | ||
| <label>De Participijs Agentibus et Patientibus</label> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="DeclensionParticiples"> | ||
| <label>Declinatio supradictorum duorum Participii</label> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="VerbalNoun"> | ||
| <label>De Abstracto seu Nomine Verbali</label> | ||
| <note>On the verbal noun e.g. the gerund/converb.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="TablePronounAffixes"> | ||
| <label>Tabula Pronominum Verbis affixorum</label> | ||
| <note>Table showing the pronominal affixes as they appear on the verb.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="TablePresent"> | ||
| <label>Secunda Tabula pro Tempore Praesenti</label> | ||
| <note>Second table shows the verbal forms of the present tense.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Negative"> | ||
| <label>Conjugazio Verbi Negativi, Modo Arabico</label> | ||
| <note>Conjugation of negated verbs in the Arabic mode (sic).</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Dicere"> | ||
| <label>Conjug. Verbi Affirmativi Dicere in Amahara</label> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div type="textpart" subtype="part" xml:id="Syntax"> | ||
| <label>Caput ultimum: De Constructione Phrasi</label> | ||
| <note>Final chapter on syntax.</note> | ||
| </div> | ||
| </div> | ||
| </body> | ||
| </text> | ||
| </TEI> |