diff --git a/confirm/confirm/mini_imprint/bound/binomial.py b/confirm/confirm/mini_imprint/bound/binomial.py
index f1061d45..65003152 100644
--- a/confirm/confirm/mini_imprint/bound/binomial.py
+++ b/confirm/confirm/mini_imprint/bound/binomial.py
@@ -9,6 +9,22 @@ def logistic(t):
     return jnp.maximum(t, 0) + jnp.log(1 + jnp.exp(-jnp.abs(t)))
 
 
+def logistic_secant(t, v, q, b):
+    """
+    Numerically stable implementation of the secant of logistic defined by:
+        (logistic(t + q * v) - logistic(b)) / q
+    defined for all t, v in R and q > 0.
+    It is only numerically stable if t, b are not too large in magnitude
+    and q is sufficiently away from 0.
+    """
+    t_div_q = t / q
+    ls_1 = jnp.maximum(t_div_q + v, 0) - jnp.maximum(b, 0) / q
+    ls_2 = jnp.log(1 + jnp.exp(-jnp.abs(t + q * v)))
+    ls_2 = ls_2 - jnp.log(1 + jnp.exp(-jnp.abs(b)))
+    ls_2 = ls_2 / q
+    return ls_1 + ls_2
+
+
 def A(n, t):
     """
     Log-partition function of a Bernoulli family with d-arms
@@ -17,6 +33,14 @@ def A(n, t):
     return n * jnp.sum(logistic(t))
 
 
+def A_secant(n, t, v, q, b):
+    """
+    Numerically stable implementation of the secant of A:
+        (A(t + q * v) - A(b)) / q
+    """
+    return n * jnp.sum(logistic_secant(t, v, q, b))
+
+
 def dA(n, t):
     """
     Gradient of the log-partition function A.
@@ -389,7 +413,7 @@ def objective(self, q, theta_0, v, a):
         v:          displacement from pivot point.
         a:          constant shift.
         """
-        return (self.A(theta_0 + q * v) - self.A(theta_0) - jnp.log(a)) / q
+        return self.A_secant(theta_0, v, q, theta_0) - jnp.log(a) / q
 
     # ============================================================
     # Members for optimization routine.
@@ -398,6 +422,9 @@ def objective(self, q, theta_0, v, a):
     def A(self, t):
         return A(self.n, t)
 
+    def A_secant(self, t, v, q, b):
+        return A_secant(self.n, t, v, q, b)
+
     def dA(self, t):
         return dA(self.n, t)
 
@@ -567,8 +594,8 @@ def objective(self, q, theta_0, v, a):
 
         def _eval(q):
             p = 1 / (1 - 1 / q)
-            A0 = self.A(theta_0)
-            slope_diff = (self.A(theta_0 + q * v) - A0) / q - (self.A(theta_0 + v) - A0)
+            slope_diff = self.A_secant(theta_0, v, q, theta_0)
+            slope_diff = slope_diff - self.A_secant(theta_0, v, 1, theta_0)
             return p * (slope_diff - jnp.log(a))
 
         return jax.lax.cond(
@@ -585,16 +612,19 @@ def _eval(q):
     def A(self, t):
         return A(self.n, t)
 
+    def A_secant(self, t, v, q, b):
+        return A_secant(self.n, t, v, q, b)
+
     def dA(self, t):
         return dA(self.n, t)
 
     def phi_t(self, q, t, theta_0, v, a):
+        p_inv = 1 - 1 / q
         A0 = self.A(theta_0)
-        return (
-            self.A(theta_0 + q * v)
-            - A0
-            - q * (self.A(theta_0 + v) - A0 + jnp.log(a))
-            - t * (q - 1)
+        return q * (
+            self.A_secant(theta_0, v, q, theta_0)
+            - (self.A(theta_0 + v) - A0 + jnp.log(a))
+            - t * p_inv
         )
 
     def dphi_t(self, q, t, theta_0, v, a):
@@ -738,8 +768,8 @@ def q_holder_bound_fwd(
     v:          d-array displacement vector.
     f0:         probability value at theta_0.
     """
-    A0 = A(n, theta_0)
-    expo = (A(n, theta_0 + q * v) - A0) / q - (A(n, theta_0 + v) - A0)
+    expo = A_secant(n, theta_0, v, q, theta_0)
+    expo = expo - A_secant(n, theta_0, v, 1, theta_0)
     return f0 ** (1 - 1 / q) * jnp.exp(expo)
 
 
@@ -767,14 +797,14 @@ def q_holder_bound_bwd(
     """
 
     def _bound(q):
-        p = q / (q - 1)
-        A0 = A(n, theta_0)
-        slope_diff = (A(n, theta_0 + q * v) - A0) / q - (A(n, theta_0 + v) - A0)
+        p = 1 / (1 - 1 / q)
+        slope_diff = A_secant(n, theta_0, v, q, theta_0)
+        slope_diff = slope_diff - A_secant(n, theta_0, v, 1, theta_0)
         return (alpha * jnp.exp(-slope_diff)) ** p
 
     return jax.lax.cond(
         q <= 1,
-        lambda _: float(alpha >= 1),
+        lambda _: (alpha >= 1) + 0.0,
         _bound,
         q,
     )
diff --git a/docs/tutorial/q-holder-bound.md b/docs/tutorial/q-holder-bound.md
index 48c7b403..71bf2143 100644
--- a/docs/tutorial/q-holder-bound.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/q-holder-bound.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jupyter:
       format_version: '1.3'
       jupytext_version: 1.13.8
   kernelspec:
-    display_name: Python 3.10.6 ('confirm')
+    display_name: Python 3.10.5 ('confirm')
     language: python
     name: python3
 ---
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ and requires non-trivial implementation to compute these bounds.
 import jax
 import jax.numpy as jnp
 import numpy as np
+import scipy
+from functools import partial
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import pyimprint.grid as pygrid
 import confirm.mini_imprint.grid as grid
@@ -159,18 +161,35 @@ Assume that we have access to the Type I Error values at each of the `thetas`.
 ```python
 gr = pygrid.make_cartesian_grid_range(
     size=100, 
-    lower=-np.ones(theta_0.shape[0]), 
-    upper=np.ones(theta_0.shape[0]), 
+    lower=-np.ones(2), 
+    upper=np.ones(2), 
     grid_sim_size=0, # dummy for now
 )
 thetas = gr.thetas().T
+subset = thetas[:, 0] >= thetas[:, 1]
+thetas = thetas[subset]
 radii = gr.radii().T
-f0s = np.full(thetas.shape[0], 0.025) # dummy values
+radii = radii[subset]
+
+# dummy function to output TIE of a simple test.
+def simple_TIE(n, theta, alpha):
+    prob = scipy.special.expit(theta)
+    var = np.sum(n * prob * (1 - prob), axis=-1)
+    mean = n * (prob[:, 1] - prob[:, 0]) / np.sqrt(var)
+    z_crit = scipy.stats.norm.isf(alpha)
+    return scipy.stats.norm.sf(z_crit - mean)
+
+f0s = simple_TIE(n, thetas, 0.025) 
+```
+
+```python
+sc = plt.scatter(thetas[:, 0], thetas[:, 1], c=f0s, marker='.')
+plt.colorbar(sc)
 ```
 
 ```python
 hypercube = grid.hypercube_vertices(
-    theta_0.shape[0],
+    thetas.shape[1],
 )
 make_vertices = jax.vmap(
     lambda r: r * hypercube,
@@ -193,3 +212,103 @@ bounds = q_holder_bound_fwd_tile_jvmap(
     n, thetas, vertices, f0s,
 )
 ```
+
+```python
+sc = plt.scatter(thetas[:,0], thetas[:,1], c=bounds, marker='.')
+plt.colorbar(sc)
+```
+
+## Tuning Step 
+
+
+In the tuning step, we invert the q-Holder bound and optimize a different objective.
+The inversion gives us a bound on the TIE at `theta_0` in order to achieve level alpha in a tile.
+Intuitively, we would like this inverted bound to be as large as possible (less conservative).
+Hence, the `q` parameter allows us to maximize the bound for any given `v`.
+
+```python
+bwd_solver = binomial.BackwardQCPSolver(n=n)
+```
+
+```python
+def _sanity_check_bwd_solver():
+    q_grid = np.linspace(1+1e-6, 4, 1000)
+    bound_vmap = jax.vmap(binomial.q_holder_bound_bwd, in_axes=(0, None, None, None, None))
+    bounds = bound_vmap(q_grid, n, theta_0, v, f0)
+    q_opt = bwd_solver.solve(theta_0, v, f0)
+    opt_bound = binomial.q_holder_bound_bwd(q_opt, n, theta_0, v, f0)
+    plt.plot(q_grid, bounds, '--')
+    plt.plot(q_opt, opt_bound, 'r.')
+_sanity_check_bwd_solver()
+```
+
+Similar to the validation step, we will extend the optimization routine for the whole tile.
+
+```python
+def q_holder_bound_bwd_tile(n, theta_0, vs, f0, bwd_solver):
+    # vectorize bwd_solver over v
+    bwd_solver_vmap_v = jax.vmap(
+        bwd_solver.solve,
+        in_axes=(None, 0, None),
+    )
+    q_opts = bwd_solver_vmap_v(theta_0, vs, f0)
+    
+    # compute bounds over q_opt, v
+    bound_vmap = jax.vmap(
+        binomial.q_holder_bound_bwd,
+        in_axes=(0, None, None, 0, None),
+    )
+    bounds = bound_vmap(
+        q_opts, n, theta_0, vs, f0,
+    )
+    
+    # find the minimax of the bounds at corners
+    i_max = jnp.argmin(bounds)
+    return vs[i_max], q_opts[i_max], bounds[i_max]
+```
+
+```python
+def invert_bound(alpha, theta_0, vertices, n):
+    v = vertices - theta_0
+    q_opt = jax.vmap(bwd_solver.solve, in_axes=(None, 0, None))(
+        theta_0, v, alpha
+    )
+    return jnp.min(jax.vmap(binomial.q_holder_bound_bwd, in_axes=(0, None, None, 0, None))(
+        q_opt, n, theta_0, v, alpha
+    ))
+```
+
+```python
+q_holder_bound_bwd_tile(
+    n, theta_0, vs, f0, bwd_solver
+)
+```
+
+### Main Workflow
+
+
+The main workflow is similar to that of validation step.
+For each tile (and its corresponding simulation point),
+we would like to optimize for $q$ based on the worse corner
+of the backward bound.
+
+The following is an example of a workflow.
+We continue with the setup as in validation step.
+
+```python
+q_holder_bound_bwd_tile_jvmap = jax.jit(jax.vmap(
+    lambda n, t, v, f0: q_holder_bound_bwd_tile(n, t, v, f0, bwd_solver)[-1],
+    in_axes=(None, 0, 0, 0),
+))
+```
+
+```python
+bounds_bwd = q_holder_bound_bwd_tile_jvmap(
+    n, thetas, vertices, f0s,
+)
+```
+
+```python
+sc = plt.scatter(thetas[:,0], thetas[:,1], c=bounds_bwd, marker='.')
+plt.colorbar(sc)
+```
diff --git a/imprint/.vscode/build.sh b/imprint/.vscode/build.sh
index 70f3c4af..315cceab 100644
--- a/imprint/.vscode/build.sh
+++ b/imprint/.vscode/build.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 eval "$(conda shell.bash hook)"
 conda activate imprint
-bazel build -c opt --config gcc //python:pyimprint/core.so
-cp -f ./bazel-bin/python/pyimprint/core.so python/pyimprint/
\ No newline at end of file
+bazel build -c opt //python:pyimprint/core.so
+rm -f python/pyimprint/core.so
+cp ./bazel-bin/python/pyimprint/core.so python/pyimprint/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/research/q-holder-bound/qcp-solver.ipynb b/research/q-holder-bound/qcp-solver.ipynb
index f2405bf9..8f85bb58 100644
--- a/research/q-holder-bound/qcp-solver.ipynb
+++ b/research/q-holder-bound/qcp-solver.ipynb
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "Python 3.10.6 ('confirm')",
+   "display_name": "Python 3.10.5 ('confirm')",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
@@ -573,12 +573,12 @@
    "name": "python",
    "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
    "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.10.6"
+   "version": "3.10.5"
   },
   "orig_nbformat": 4,
   "vscode": {
    "interpreter": {
-    "hash": "5d574717a19d12573763700bcd6833eaae2108879723021a1c549979ef70be90"
+    "hash": "d8e1ca1b3fede25e3995e2b26ea544fa1b75b9a17984e6284a43c1dc286640dd"
    }
   }
  },
diff --git a/research/q-holder-bound/qcp-solver.md b/research/q-holder-bound/qcp-solver.md
index c9437a73..3d096b9e 100644
--- a/research/q-holder-bound/qcp-solver.md
+++ b/research/q-holder-bound/qcp-solver.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jupyter:
       format_version: '1.3'
       jupytext_version: 1.13.8
   kernelspec:
-    display_name: Python 3.10.6 ('confirm')
+    display_name: Python 3.10.5 ('confirm')
     language: python
     name: python3
 ---