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| # Next-Generation Platform Engineering Roadmap | ||
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| ## Table of Contents | ||
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| 1. [Introduction](#introduction) | ||
| 2. [Objectives](#objectives) | ||
| 3. [Architecture Overview](#architecture-overview) | ||
| 4. [Key Components](#key-components) | ||
| - [Account Structure](#account-structure) | ||
| - [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](#identity-and-access-management-iam) | ||
| - [Infrastructure as Code (IaC)](#infrastructure-as-code-iac) | ||
| - [Compliance and Governance](#compliance-and-governance) | ||
| - [Logging, Monitoring, and Alerting](#logging-monitoring-and-alerting) | ||
| - [Networking](#networking) | ||
| - [Cost Management](#cost-management) | ||
| 5. [Design Principles](#design-principles) | ||
| 6. [Implementation Roadmap](#implementation-roadmap) | ||
| - [Phase 1: Foundations](#phase-1-foundations) | ||
| - [Phase 2: Core Infrastructure](#phase-2-core-infrastructure) | ||
| - [Phase 3: Compliance and Governance Integration](#phase-3-compliance-and-governance-integration) | ||
| - [Phase 4: Application Onboarding](#phase-4-application-onboarding) | ||
| - [Phase 5: Multi-Cloud Expansion](#phase-5-multi-cloud-expansion) | ||
| - [Phase 6: Optimization and Scaling](#phase-6-optimization-and-scaling) | ||
| 7. [Roles and Responsibilities](#roles-and-responsibilities) | ||
| 8. [Risks and Mitigation Strategies](#risks-and-mitigation-strategies) | ||
| 9. [Conclusion](#conclusion) | ||
| 10. [Appendices](#appendices) | ||
| - [A. Glossary](#a-glossary) | ||
| - [B. References](#b-references) | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ## Introduction | ||
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| This roadmap outlines the development of a next-generation, cloud-agnostic platform engineering environment. The goal is to establish a robust, scalable, and secure multi-cloud infrastructure that automates provisioning, enforces compliance, and centralizes operational data. This environment will empower application teams to operate safely within their own isolated accounts, supported by a streamlined, code-driven landing zone setup. | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ## Objectives | ||
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| - **Cloud-Agnostic Design**: Support AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) to prevent vendor lock-in. | ||
| - **Infrastructure as Code (IaC)**: Utilize code to automate infrastructure provisioning, configuration, and management. | ||
| - **Compliance Integration**: Embed compliance controls (e.g., FISMA, NIST) within configurations to ensure consistent enforcement. | ||
| - **Automation and GitOps**: Implement full automation with continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, adopting GitOps practices. | ||
| - **Centralized Governance**: Maintain centralized policies, secrets, and configurations for consistent management across all environments. | ||
| - **Scalability and Modularity**: Design for horizontal scalability and modularity to accommodate growth and technological changes. | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ## Architecture Overview | ||
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| The architecture consists of a hierarchical organization with multiple organizational units (OUs) and accounts across AWS, Azure, and GCP. Infrastructure provisioning and configuration are fully automated using Infrastructure as Code (IaC) practices. Compliance controls are embedded within the configuration code, ensuring consistent policy enforcement. Centralized governance is achieved through policy propagation and centralized services for logging, monitoring, and cost management. | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ## Key Components | ||
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| ### Account Structure | ||
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| #### Organizational Hierarchy | ||
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| - **Root Organization**: The top-level entity for each cloud provider. | ||
| - **Security OU**: | ||
| - **Log Archive Account**: Central repository for logs. | ||
| - **Security Tools Account**: Hosts security tools and services. | ||
| - **Infrastructure OU**: | ||
| - **Networking Account**: Manages shared networking resources. | ||
| - **Shared Services Account**: Houses services shared across the organization. | ||
| - **Applications OU**: | ||
| - **Development Accounts**: Environments for development teams. | ||
| - **Testing Accounts**: Isolated testing environments. | ||
| - **Production Accounts**: Live environments for production workloads. | ||
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| #### Account Provisioning | ||
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| - **Automated Provisioning**: Use IaC to programmatically create and manage organizations, OUs, and accounts across multiple cloud providers. | ||
| - **Standardized Configuration**: Ensure all accounts adhere to baseline security and configuration standards. | ||
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| ### Identity and Access Management (IAM) | ||
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| - **Centralized IAM**: Implement a unified IAM strategy across all cloud providers. | ||
| - **Roles and Policies**: | ||
| - Define IAM roles with the principle of least privilege. | ||
| - Manage IAM policies and role assignments programmatically. | ||
| - **User and Group Management**: | ||
| - Integrate with centralized identity providers (e.g., Azure AD, Okta). | ||
| - Group users by function and assign appropriate permissions. | ||
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| ### Infrastructure as Code (IaC) | ||
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| - **Tooling**: Utilize a programming language (e.g., Python) with an IaC framework that supports multi-cloud provisioning. | ||
| - **Repository Structure**: | ||
| - **Modular Design**: Create reusable modules for common infrastructure components. | ||
| - **Environment Separation**: Maintain separate configurations for development, testing, and production environments. | ||
| - **CI/CD Integration**: | ||
| - Automate deployment pipelines with tools like Jenkins, GitHub Actions, or GitLab CI. | ||
| - Implement GitOps practices to ensure that Git is the single source of truth. | ||
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| ### Compliance and Governance | ||
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| - **Policy as Code**: | ||
| - Define compliance controls within the IaC configurations. | ||
| - Embed policies for standards like FISMA and NIST directly into code. | ||
| - **Automated Enforcement**: | ||
| - Use tagging and labeling to propagate compliance metadata to all resources. | ||
| - Implement automated checks during deployment to enforce compliance. | ||
| - **Auditability**: | ||
| - Maintain detailed logs of infrastructure changes. | ||
| - Utilize version control history for audit trails. | ||
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| ### Logging, Monitoring, and Alerting | ||
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| - **Centralized Logging**: | ||
| - Aggregate logs from all resources into centralized logging services. | ||
| - Ensure logs are stored securely and comply with data retention policies. | ||
| - **Monitoring Tools**: | ||
| - Deploy monitoring solutions (e.g., Prometheus, Grafana) to collect metrics. | ||
| - **Alerting Mechanisms**: | ||
| - Configure alerts for performance issues, security incidents, and compliance violations. | ||
| - Integrate with incident management systems for timely response. | ||
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| ### Networking | ||
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| - **Standardized Network Topology**: | ||
| - Define network architectures using IaC for consistency. | ||
| - Include components like virtual networks, subnets, and routing configurations. | ||
| - **Security Controls**: | ||
| - Manage security groups, network access control lists (ACLs), and firewall rules programmatically. | ||
| - **Cross-Cloud Connectivity**: | ||
| - Implement VPNs or cloud interconnects for secure communication between different cloud environments. | ||
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| ### Cost Management | ||
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| - **Cost Monitoring**: | ||
| - Implement tools to aggregate and analyze cost data across all cloud providers. | ||
| - **Tagging for Cost Allocation**: | ||
| - Enforce tagging standards to facilitate cost tracking by project, environment, and department. | ||
| - **Budgeting and Alerts**: | ||
| - Set up cost thresholds and receive alerts to prevent budget overruns. | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ## Design Principles | ||
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| - **Modularity**: Design reusable and interchangeable components to simplify maintenance and scaling. | ||
| - **Scalability**: Ensure the architecture can accommodate growth in users, data, and services without compromising performance. | ||
| - **Security by Design**: Incorporate security measures at every layer, following best practices and compliance requirements. | ||
| - **Automation**: Automate repetitive tasks to reduce errors and increase efficiency. | ||
| - **Observability**: Build systems that are easy to monitor and debug, with comprehensive logging and metrics. | ||
| - **Immutability**: Treat infrastructure components as immutable; changes result in new deployments rather than modifications. | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ## Implementation Roadmap | ||
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| ### Phase 1: Foundations | ||
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| - **Milestone 1**: Set up the IaC framework and configure state and secrets management. | ||
| - **Milestone 2**: Establish the Git repository with the initial directory structure and enforce code quality standards. | ||
| - **Milestone 3**: Define and deploy the root organizations and OUs for each cloud provider. | ||
| - **Milestone 4**: Configure CI/CD pipelines integrating the IaC tool for automated deployments and validations. | ||
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| ### Phase 2: Core Infrastructure | ||
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| - **Milestone 5**: Develop reusable modules for networking, compute, and storage resources. | ||
| - **Milestone 6**: Implement centralized IAM roles, policies, and integrate with identity providers. | ||
| - **Milestone 7**: Set up centralized logging and monitoring solutions, ensuring they comply with security standards. | ||
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| ### Phase 3: Compliance and Governance Integration | ||
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| - **Milestone 8**: Define compliance controls within IaC configurations for standards like FISMA and NIST. | ||
| - **Milestone 9**: Automate tagging and labeling of resources with compliance and cost metadata. | ||
| - **Milestone 10**: Establish audit logging, reporting mechanisms, and integrate with governance tools. | ||
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| ### Phase 4: Application Onboarding | ||
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| - **Milestone 11**: Provision isolated tenant accounts for application teams using automated processes. | ||
| - **Milestone 12**: Deploy sample applications to validate the infrastructure, security, and compliance setups. | ||
| - **Milestone 13**: Develop documentation and provide training sessions for application teams. | ||
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| ### Phase 5: Multi-Cloud Expansion | ||
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| - **Milestone 14**: Extend infrastructure provisioning and compliance enforcement to Azure and GCP. | ||
| - **Milestone 15**: Implement cross-cloud networking solutions and identity federation mechanisms. | ||
| - **Milestone 16**: Consolidate cost management and reporting across all cloud providers. | ||
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| ### Phase 6: Optimization and Scaling | ||
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| - **Milestone 17**: Review and optimize infrastructure for performance improvements and cost efficiency. | ||
| - **Milestone 18**: Scale the infrastructure to support additional workloads, users, and application teams. | ||
| - **Milestone 19**: Enhance security with advanced threat detection, response capabilities, and regular compliance audits. | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ## Appendices | ||
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| ### A. Glossary | ||
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| - **IaC (Infrastructure as Code)**: The process of managing and provisioning computing infrastructure through machine-readable definition files. | ||
| - **CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment)**: A method to frequently deliver apps to customers by introducing automation into the stages of app development. | ||
| - **GitOps**: A practice that uses Git pull requests to manage infrastructure provisioning and deployment. | ||
| - **FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act)**: A United States federal law that defines a comprehensive framework to protect government information, operations, and assets. | ||
| - **NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)**: A physical sciences laboratory and non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. | ||
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| ### B. References | ||
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| - **FISMA Compliance**: [https://www.cisa.gov/fisma](https://www.cisa.gov/fisma) | ||
| - **NIST Compliance**: [https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework](https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework) | ||
| - **GitOps Principles**: [https://www.gitops.tech/](https://www.gitops.tech/) | ||
| - **Open Policy Agent (OPA)**: [https://www.openpolicyagent.org/](https://www.openpolicyagent.org/) | ||
| - **Pulumi Documentation**: [https://www.pulumi.com/docs/](https://www.pulumi.com/docs/) | ||
| - **Pulumi Python SDK**: [https://www.pulumi.com/docs/intro/languages/python/](https://www.pulumi.com/docs/intro/languages/python/) | ||
| - **Pulumi Cloud Features**: [https://www.pulumi.com/product/cloud/](https://www.pulumi.com/product/cloud/) | ||
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| ## C. What is Pulumi? | ||
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| **Pulumi** is an open-source IaC platform that enables developers and infrastructure teams to define, deploy, and manage cloud infrastructure using familiar programming languages such as Python, TypeScript, Go, and C#. Unlike traditional IaC tools that use domain-specific languages (DSLs), Pulumi allows the use of real programming languages, offering greater flexibility and power. | ||
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| **Key Features:** | ||
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| - **Multi-Cloud Support**: Manage resources across AWS, Azure, GCP, Kubernetes, and other providers. | ||
| - **Programming Language Flexibility**: Use existing programming skills to define infrastructure. | ||
| - **State Management**: Choose between self-managed state or use Pulumi Cloud for managed state storage. | ||
| - **Policy as Code**: Embed compliance and governance policies directly into your codebase. | ||
| - **Automation API**: Integrate Pulumi into CI/CD pipelines and other automation workflows. | ||
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| ### C. 1.1 Infrastructure Provisioning | ||
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| - **Resource Management**: Define and manage cloud resources using code. | ||
| - **Complex Logic Handling**: Utilize programming constructs for loops, conditionals, and abstractions. | ||
| - **Reusable Components**: Create modules and packages for shared infrastructure code. | ||
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| ### C. 1.2 Multi-Cloud Capabilities | ||
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| - **Unified Interface**: Manage different cloud providers using the same codebase. | ||
| - **Cross-Cloud Abstractions**: Develop higher-level components that abstract away provider specifics. | ||
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| ### C. 1.3 State Management | ||
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| - **State Persistence**: Track infrastructure state for accurate deployments. | ||
| - **Backend Options**: Use local files, cloud storage, or Pulumi Cloud for state management. | ||
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| ### C. 1.4 Policy and Compliance | ||
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| - **Policy as Code**: Define and enforce policies within your infrastructure code. | ||
| - **Compliance Integration**: Include compliance controls (e.g., FISMA, NIST) in configurations. | ||
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| ### C. 1.5 CI/CD Integration | ||
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| - **Automation Support**: Seamlessly integrate with CI/CD pipelines for automated deployments. | ||
| - **GitOps Workflow**: Adopt GitOps practices with Pulumi for infrastructure changes. | ||
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| ### C. 1.6 Collaboration and Secrets Management | ||
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| - **Team Collaboration**: Use Pulumi Cloud for role-based access control and collaboration. | ||
| - **Secure Secrets Management**: Handle secrets securely with Pulumi's Federated OIDC, and Secrets Federation suppport. |