Code Documentation: C++

Introduction

This document explains a simple C++ program that demonstrates various methods of iteration using loops. The program covers the following key concepts:

1. Using a for loop to iterate through a range of values.
2. Utilizing a while loop to achieve the same iterative functionality.
3. Implementing a do-while loop, providing a variation of iterative control.
4. Using a range-based for loop to iterate through an array.

Code Overview

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    // Part 1: Using a for loop to iterate from 0 to 4
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
        std::cout << i << std::endl;

    // Part 2: Using a while loop for the same purpose
    int i = 0;
    while (i < 5) {
        std::cout << i << std::endl;
        i++;
    }

    // Part 3: Using a do-while loop for the same purpose
    i = 0;
    do {
        std::cout << i << std::endl;
        i++;
    } while (i < 5);

    // Part 4: Using a range-based for loop to iterate over an array
    int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 3};
    for (int number: numbers)
        std::cout << number << std::endl;
}

Detailed Explanation

Part 1: for Loop

In this section, a for loop is used to iterate from 0 to 4. Here's how it works:

• int i = 0;: Initializes an integer variable i with a value of 0.
• i < 5;: Specifies the loop's condition; it will execute as long as i is less than 5.
• i++: After each iteration, i is incremented by 1.
• std::cout << i << std::endl;: Outputs the value of i to the console followed by a newline.

Part 2: while Loop

This section demonstrates a while loop with equivalent functionality:

• int i = 0;: Initializes i to 0.
• while (i < 5) { ... }: The loop continues as long as i is less than 5.
• Inside the loop, std::cout << i << std::endl; outputs the value of i, and i is incremented with i++.

Part 3: do-while Loop

The do-while loop is similar to the while loop but guarantees at least one execution of the loop's body:

• i = 0;: Resets i to 0.
• do { ... } while (i < 5);: The loop executes the code block first and then checks the condition. It repeats as long as i is less than 5.

Part 4: Range-Based for Loop

In this section, a range-based for loop is used to iterate over an array named numbers:

• int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 3};: Declares an integer array with three elements.
• for (int number: numbers) { ... }: The loop iterates over each element of the numbers array, assigning each element's value to the variable number.

Conclusion

This C++ code demonstrates different methods of iteration, including for, while, and do-while loops, as well as a range-based for loop for iterating over an array. Understanding these fundamental concepts is crucial for writing programs that manipulate and process data effectively.

For more in-depth information on C++ programming and loops, refer to the C++ documentation and tutorials.