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<title>3.5 Reconstruction Techniques and Other Structural Choices</title>
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<a href="3.4.3.html">Previous - 3.4.3 Summary of Sampling Uncertainty</a>
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<h1>3.5 Reconstruction Techniques and Other Structural Choices</h1>
<p>
Creating global SST analyses is challenging because of the relative sparseness of observations before the satellite era and the non-stationarity of the changing climate. A large number of different SST data sets based on in situ data have been produced employing a variety of statistical methods. The structural uncertainties associated with estimating SSTs in data voids and at data-sparse times are therefore somewhat better explored than structural uncertainties in the pervasive systematic errors. Data sets used in this paper have been summarized in Table 5 and global averages for these data sets are shown in Figure 5.
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<table>
<tr><th><b>Data set</b></th><th><b>Input data set</b></th><th><b>Interpolation method</b></th><th><b>Resolution</b></th></tr>
<tr><td>ICOADS summaries [Woodruff et al., 2011]</td><td>ICOADS 2.5</td><td>None</td><td>2°x2° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>HadSST2 [Rayner et al., 2006]</td><td>ICOADS 2.1</td><td>None</td><td>5°x5° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>HadSST3 [Kennedy et al., 2011b; Kennedy et al., 2011c]</td><td>ICOADS 2.5</td><td>None</td><td>5°x5° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>HadSST4 [Kennedy et al. 2019]</td><td>ICOADS 3.0</td><td>None</td><td>5°x5° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>TOHOKU [Yasunaka and Hanawa, 2002]</td><td>ICOADS 2.1</td><td>None</td><td>5°x5° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>HadISST1.1 [Rayner et al., 2003]</td><td>Met Office Marine Databank and COADS, AVHRR satellite retrievals</td><td>Reduced Space Optimal Interpolation</td><td>1°x1° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>ERSSTv3b [Smith et al., 2008]</td><td>ICOADS 2.1</td><td>Separate low and high frequency reconstructions. High frequency component based on EOTs</td><td>2°x2° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>ERSSTv4 [Huang et al., 2015]</td><td>ICOADS 2.5</td><td>Separate low and high frequency reconstructions. High frequency component based on EOTs</td><td>2°x2° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>ERSSTv5 [Huang et al., 2017]</td><td>ICOADS 3.0</td><td>Separate low and high frequency reconstructions. High frequency component based on EOTs</td><td>2°x2° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>COBE [Ishii et al., 2005]</td><td>ICOADS 2.1 and Kobe collection</td><td>Optimal interpolation</td><td>1°x1° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>COBE-2 [Hirahara et al., 2013]</td><td>ICOADS 2.5 and Kobe collection, AVHRR satellite retrievals</td><td>Multi scale analysis based on EOFs</td><td>1°x1° daily and monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kaplan [Kaplan et al., 1998]</td><td>Met Office Marine Databank</td><td>Reduced Space Optimal Smoothing</td><td>5°x5° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>NOCS [Berry and Kent, 2011]</td><td>ICOADS 2.5</td><td>Optimal Interpolation</td><td>1°x1° daily and monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>VBPCA [Ilin and Kaplan, 2009]</td><td>ICOADS 2.5</td><td>Variational Bayesian Principal Component Analysis</td><td>5°x5° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>GPFA [Luttinen and Ilin, 2009]</td><td>ICOADS 2.5</td><td>Gaussian Process Factor Analysis</td><td>5°x5° monthly</td></tr>
<tr><td>GP [Luttinen and Ilin,2012]</td><td>ICOADS 2.5</td><td>Gaussian Process</td><td>5°x5° monthly</td></tr>
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<p><i><b>Table 5</b>: List of datasets used and referred to in the review.</i></p>
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