Matthijs Paper Reading List

Table of Contents

• Edge Resource Management
• Related Reference Architectures
• Academic Resource Management Systems
• Commercial Resource Management Systems
• Interesting Applications
• Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)
• Mobile Edge Computing (MEC)
• Edge Cloud
• Network Slicing
• Specialized Systems
• Benchmarks
• Workflows

Edge Resource Management

General information on the edge, edge resources and edge resource management.

• Hong, Cheol-Ho, and Blesson Varghese. "Resource management in fog/edge computing: a survey on architectures, infrastructure, and algorithms." ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 52.5 (2019): 1-37. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/10.1145/3326066
• Linux Foundation (2021). State of the Edge 2021. https://project.linuxfoundation.org/hubfs/LF%20Edge/StateoftheEdgeReport_2021.pdf and presentation https://www.lfedge.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/LF-Edge-web-mar2021.pdf
• Wang, Junjue, et al. "Towards scalable edge-native applications." Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing. 2019. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/10.1145/3318216.3363308
• Satyanarayanan, Mahadev, Wei Gao, and Brandon Lucia. "The computing landscape of the 21st century." Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications. 2019. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/10.1145/3301293.3302357
• Maheshwari, Sumit, et al. "Scalability and performance evaluation of edge cloud systems for latency constrained applications." 2018 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2018. https://fbronzino.com/documents/papers/sec18.pdf
• Gedeon, Julien, et al. "From cell towers to smart street lamps: Placing cloudlets on existing urban infrastructures." 2018 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2018. https://cse.buffalo.edu/faculty/tkosar/cse710_spring20/gedeon-sec18.pdf
• Caprolu, Maurantonio, et al. "Edge computing perspectives: architectures, technologies, and open security issues." 2019 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2019. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/edge/2019/270800a116/1cMFjxxnkC4

Related Reference Architectures

The 'competition', prior work on reference architectures in the same field.

• Van Eyk, Erwin, et al. "The SPEC-RG reference architecture for faas: From microservices and containers to serverless platforms." IEEE Internet Computing 23.6 (2019): 7-18. https://atlarge-research.com/pdfs/spec-rg-referece-architecture-for-faas-2019.pdf
• Liu, Fang, et al. "NIST cloud computing reference architecture." NIST special publication 500.2011 (2011): 1-28. http://www.mofa-easj.dk/docs/cods/docs/NIST_Cloud_Computing_Reference_Architecture.pdf
• Willner, Alexander, and Varun Gowtham. "Toward a Reference Architecture Model for Industrial Edge Computing." IEEE Communications Standards Magazine 4.4 (2020): 42-48. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.04164.pdf
• OpenFog Consortium Architecture Working Group. "OpenFog reference architecture for fog computing." OPFRA001 20817 (2017): 162. http://site.ieee.org/denver-com/files/2017/06/OpenFog_Reference_Architecture_2_09_17-FINAL-1.pdf
  • Later version: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/1934-2018.html
• ETSI, MECISG. "Mobile edge computing (mec); framework and reference architecture." ETSI, DGS MEC 3 (2016). https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/MEC/001_099/003/01.01.01_60/gs_MEC003v010101p.pdf
• OpenNebula. Edge Cloud Architecture - White Paper. OpenNebula 2020. https://support.opennebula.pro/hc/en-us/articles/360050302811.
  • Related work 1: https://support.opennebula.pro/hc/en-us/articles/360050159871
  • Related work 2: https://link-springer-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/article/10.1007/s10723-021-09545-3
• Intel and SAP. IoT Joint Reference Architecture from Intel and SAP. Intel 2018. https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/reference-architectures/sap-iot-reference-architecture.pdf.
  • Related work 1: http://d885pvmm0z6oe.cloudfront.net/hubs/intel_80616/assets/downloads/general/Architecture_Specification_Of_An_IOT_Platform.pdf
  • Related work 2: https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/unified-edge-framework-white-paper.pdf
• Edge Computing Consortium (ECC) and Alliance of Industrial Internet (All). Edge Computing Reference Architecture 2.0. ECC 2017. http://en.ecconsortium.net/Uploads/file/20180328/1522232376480704.pdf
• Sittón-Candanedo, Inés, et al. "A review of edge computing reference architectures and a new global edge proposal." Future Generation Computer Systems 99 (2019): 278-294. https://www-sciencedirect-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0167739X1930264X
• Qi, Qinglin, and Fei Tao. "A smart manufacturing service system based on edge computing, fog computing, and cloud computing." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 86769-86777. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8740963
• Mahmud, Redowan, Fernando Luiz Koch, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Cloud-fog interoperability in IoT-enabled healthcare solutions." Proceedings of the 19th international conference on distributed computing and networking. 2018. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3154273.3154347
• Pop, Paul, et al. "The FORA fog computing platform for industrial IoT." Information Systems 98 (2021): 101727. https://www-sciencedirect-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0306437921000053?dgcid=rss_sd_all

Surveys, reviews, overviews

• Ray, Partha Pratim, and Neeraj Kumar. "SDN/NFV architectures for edge-cloud oriented IoT: A systematic review." Computer Communications (2021). https://www-sciencedirect-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0140366421000396

Academic Resource Management Systems

Systems that need to be mapped onto our architecture.

• Wang, Nan, et al. "ENORM: A framework for edge node resource management." IEEE transactions on services computing (2017). https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.04061.pdf
• Zhang, Quan, et al. "Firework: Data processing and sharing for hybrid cloud-edge analytics." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 29.9 (2018): 2004-2017. https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10077210
• Liu, Peng, Dale Willis, and Suman Banerjee. "Paradrop: Enabling lightweight multi-tenancy at the network’s extreme edge." 2016 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2016. IEEE. https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10067801
• Xiong, Zehui, et al. "Cloud/fog computing resource management and pricing for blockchain networks." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6.3 (2018): 4585-4600. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.01567.pdf
• Arkian, Hamid Reza, Abolfazl Diyanat, and Atefe Pourkhalili. "MIST: Fog-based data analytics scheme with cost-efficient resource provisioning for IoT crowdsensing applications." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 82 (2017): 152-165. https://www-sciencedirect-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S1084804517300188
• Skarlat, Olena, et al. "A framework for optimization, service placement, and runtime operation in the fog." 2018 IEEE/ACM 11th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC). IEEE, 2018. https://dsg.tuwien.ac.at/team/skarlat/2018UCC.pdf
• Mortazavi, Seyed Hossein, et al. "Cloudpath: A multi-tier cloud computing framework." Proceedings of the Second ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing. 2017. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3132211.3134464
• Gadepalli, Phani Kishore, et al. "Sledge: a Serverless-first, Light-weight Wasm Runtime for the Edge." Proceedings of the 21st International Middleware Conference. 2020. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3423211.3425680
• Wolski, Rich, et al. "CSPOT: Portable, Multi-scale Functions-as-a-service for IoT." Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing. 2019. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3318216.3363314
  • NanoLamdba is built on top of CSPOT: https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sec/2020/594300a220/1rqEvEI5zFK
• Essameldin, Aliaa, Mohammed Nurul Hoque, and Khaled A. Harras. "More than the sum of its things: Resource sharing across iots at the edge." 2020 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2020. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sec/2020/594300a206/1rqEwGyHrFu
• Shekhar, Shashank, et al. "Urmila: A performance and mobility-aware fog/edge resource management middleware." 2019 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC). IEEE, 2019. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/isorc/2019/015100a118/1bzYE6ZtlXW

Surveys, reviews, overviews

• Reuther, Albert, et al. "Scalable system scheduling for HPC and big data." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 111 (2018): 76-92. https://www-sciencedirect-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0743731517301983

Commercial Resource Management Systems

Systems that need to be mapped onto our architecture. Some of these systems may not have any explanation or source code.

• AWS Greengrass. https://aws.amazon.com/greengrass/
• Google Cloud IoT Core. https://cloud.google.com/iot-core
• Microsoft Azure IoT. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/iot-hub/ and https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/reference-architectures/iot
• IBM Watson IoT. https://www.ibm.com/cloud/watson-iot-platform
• Alibaba Link IoT Edge. https://www.alibabacloud.com/product/linkiotedge
• LFEdge EdgeXFoundry. https://www.lfedge.org/projects/edgexfoundry/
• LFEdge Akraino. https://www.lfedge.org/projects/akraino/
• Xiong, Ying, et al. "Extend cloud to edge with kubeedge." 2018 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2018. https://acm-ieee-sec.org/2018/pdfs/SEC2018-5cLAs0rQH8wBym0gnRmRKv/5ZjYOIzvugB9geU0moDCYi/4QFQJTAEEuxp945BKw68sQ.pdf
  • Official docs: https://kubeedge.io/en/docs/kubeedge/
  • KubeEdge is part of Akraino.

Interesting Applications

Applications we may want to map onto the edge reference architecture.

• George, Shilpa, et al. "OpenRTiST: End-to-End Benchmarking for Edge Computing." IEEE Pervasive Computing 19.4 (2020): 10-18. http://elijah.cs.cmu.edu/DOCS/george2020-openrtist.pdf
• Hu, Zhiming, et al. "Interactive Planning-based Cognitive Assistance on the Edge." 3rd {USENIX} Workshop on Hot Topics in Edge Computing (HotEdge 20). 2020. https://www.usenix.org/conference/hotedge20/presentation/hu
• Nigade, Vinod, Lin Wang, and Henri Bal. "Clownfish: Edge and Cloud Symbiosis for Video Stream Analytics." 2020 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2020. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sec/2020/594300a055/1rqExHM8FIk

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)

Using the cloud as an offload target for mobile nodes.

• Akherfi, Khadija, Micheal Gerndt, and Hamid Harroud. "Mobile cloud computing for computation offloading: Issues and challenges." Applied computing and informatics 14.1 (2018): 1-16. https://www-sciencedirect-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S2210832716300400
• Zhou, Bowen, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Augmentation techniques for mobile cloud computing: A taxonomy, survey, and future directions." ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 51.1 (2018): 1-38. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3152397
• Noor, Talal H., et al. "Mobile cloud computing: Challenges and future research directions." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 115 (2018): 70-85. https://www-sciencedirect-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S1084804518301504

OR: Using a collection of nearby mobile nodes to make a cloud of mobile nodes. This is something completely different than the previous definition of mobile cloud, but people use the same name.

• Zhou, Ao, et al. "Optimal mobile device selection for mobile cloud service providing." The Journal of Supercomputing 72.8 (2016): 3222-3235. https://link-springer-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/article/10.1007/s11227-016-1704-0
• Fernando, Niroshinie, Seng W. Loke, and Wenny Rahayu. "Computing with nearby mobile devices: a work sharing algorithm for mobile edge-clouds." IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing 7.2 (2016): 329-343. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Seng-Loke/publication/301719756_Computing_with_Nearby_Mobile_Devices_A_Work_Sharing_Algorithm_for_Mobile_Edge-Clouds

Both:

• Phuttharak, Jurairat, and Seng W. Loke. "A review of mobile crowdsourcing architectures and challenges: Toward crowd-empowered internet-of-things." IEEE access 7 (2018): 304-324. https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8566148

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC)

Uses the edge computing 'mobile node - edge node - cloud' model, but focused on network providers: Edge nodes are directly connected to networking infrastructure, most notably 5g antennas. So: Note that MEC and edge computing are closely related, but not necessarily the same thing.

• Pham, Quoc-Viet, et al. "A survey of multi-access edge computing in 5G and beyond: Fundamentals, technology integration, and state-of-the-art." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 116974-117017. https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9113305
• Taleb, Tarik, et al. "On multi-access edge computing: A survey of the emerging 5G network edge cloud architecture and orchestration." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19.3 (2017): 1657-1681. http://www.mosaic-lab.org/uploads/papers/c191e2bf-70d4-40ed-ba6d-e82f0c4c156c.pdf

Edge Cloud

Moving cloud services closer to the users, to the edge.

• Zhang, Wuyang, et al. "Towards efficient edge cloud augmentation for virtual reality mmogs." Proceedings of the Second ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing. 2017. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3132211.3134463

Network Slicing

Network slicing is a virtualization technique where the network gets divided into multiple, isolated sub-networks. These sub-networks can spawn the entire multi-tier edge ecosystem. This can be used to not only efficiently manage mobile / edge nodes, but also the network that connects them.

• Barakabitze, Alcardo Alex, et al. "5G network slicing using SDN and NFV: A survey of taxonomy, architectures and future challenges." Computer Networks 167 (2020): 106984. https://www-sciencedirect-com.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S1389128619304773
• D'Oro, Salvatore, et al. "Sl-EDGE: Network slicing at the edge." Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing. 2020. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3397166.3409133

Specialized Systems

Systems / resource managers that focus on a specific thing instead of generalization.

• [Edge Storage] Liu, Jianshen, et al. "Scale-out Edge Storage Systems with Embedded Storage Nodes to Get Better Availability and Cost-Efficiency At the Same Time." 3rd {USENIX} Workshop on Hot Topics in Edge Computing (HotEdge 20). 2020. https://www.usenix.org/system/files/hotedge20_paper_liu_jianshen.pdf
• [Mobile Networking] Lu, Tao, et al. "Adaptively Compressing IoT Data on the Resource-constrained Edge." 3rd {USENIX} Workshop on Hot Topics in Edge Computing (HotEdge 20). 2020. https://www.usenix.org/system/files/hotedge20_paper_lu.pdf
• [Moving IoT Nodes] Puliafito, Carlo, et al. "Companion fog computing: Supporting things mobility through container migration at the edge." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP). IEEE, 2018. https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/document/8421337
• [Hierarchical vs Flat Fog] Karagiannis, Vasileios, and Stefan Schulte. "Comparison of alternative architectures in fog computing." 2020 IEEE 4th International Conference on Fog and Edge Computing (ICFEC). IEEE, 2020. https://dsg.tuwien.ac.at/team/vkaragiannis/publications/ICFEC2020_fogArchitectures.pdf
• [Vehicular Fog Computing] Zhu, Chao, et al. "Folo: Latency and quality optimized task allocation in vehicular fog computing." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6.3 (2018): 4150-4161. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jin-Tao-14/publication/328240738_Folo_Latency_and_Quality_Optimized_Task_Allocation_in_Vehicular_Fog_Computing
• [Smart Factory] Wan, Jiafu, et al. "Fog computing for energy-aware load balancing and scheduling in smart factory." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14.10 (2018): 4548-4556. https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/abstract/document/8323243
• [Vehicular Fog Computing] Ning, Zhaolong, Jun Huang, and Xiaojie Wang. "Vehicular fog computing: Enabling real-time traffic management for smart cities." IEEE Wireless Communications 26.1 (2019): 87-93. https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/abstract/document/8641431
• [Smart Home] Verma, Prabal, and Sandeep K. Sood. "Fog assisted-IoT enabled patient health monitoring in smart homes." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5.3 (2018): 1789-1796. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Prabal-Verma/publication/323001182_Fog_Assisted-IoT_Enabled_Patient_Health_Monitoring_in_Smart_Homes
• [Load Balancer] Zhang, Wei, Abhigyan Sharma, and Timothy Wood. "EdgeBalance: Model-Based Load Balancing for Network Edge Data Planes." 3rd {USENIX} Workshop on Hot Topics in Edge Computing (HotEdge 20). 2020. https://www.usenix.org/system/files/hotedge20_paper_zhang.pdf
• [Intercommunication, pub-sub] Elbadry, Mohammed, et al. "Pub/Sub in the Air: A Novel Data-centric Radio Supporting Robust Multicast in Edge Environments." 2020 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2020. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sec/2020/594300a257/1rqEzGKZzJm
  • [pub-sub] Khare, Shweta, et al. "Scalable edge computing for low latency data dissemination in topic-based publish/subscribe." 2018 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2018. https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-my/wp-content/uploads/sites/2355/2019/04/14141542/sec18.pdf
• [Queering tiered storage systems] Mortazavi, Seyed Hossein, et al. "Feather: Hierarchical querying for the edge." Proceedings of the Fifth ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE. 2020. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sec/2020/594300a271/1rqEzVpBz5S
• [Power budget] Badri, Hossein, et al. "Risk-Aware Application Placement in Mobile Edge Computing Systems: A Learning-based Optimization Approach." 2020 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2020. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/pds/api/csdl/proceedings/download-article/1pDrgMvmyQw/pdf
  • [Energy] Li, Yuanzhe, and Shangguang Wang. "An energy-aware edge server placement algorithm in mobile edge computing." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2018. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/edge/2018/723800a066/141AnpAbeCf

Benchmarks

Benchmarks that compare resource management systems at the edge

• McChesney, Jonathan, et al. "Defog: fog computing benchmarks." Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing. 2019. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3318216.3363299
• Das, Anirban, Stacy Patterson, and Mike Wittie. "Edgebench: Benchmarking edge computing platforms." 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing Companion (UCC Companion). IEEE, 2018. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.05948.pdf
• Gan, Yu, et al. "An open-source benchmark suite for microservices and their hardware-software implications for cloud & edge systems." Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. 2019. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3297858.3304013
• Wang, Yifan, et al. "CAVBench: A benchmark suite for connected and autonomous vehicles." 2018 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2018. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.06659.pdf

Workflows

Executing DAGs

• Khare, Shweta, et al. "Linearize, predict and place: minimizing the makespan for edge-based stream processing of directed acyclic graphs." Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing. 2019. https://dl-acm-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3318216.3363315
• Singhvi, Arjun, et al. "Archipelago: A scalable low-latency serverless platform." arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.09849 (2019). https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.09849.pdf
• Ray, Kaustabha, Ansuman Banerjee, and Nanjangud C. Narendra. "Proactive Microservice Placement and Migration for Mobile Edge Computing." 2020 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC). IEEE, 2020. https://www-computer-org.vu-nl.idm.oclc.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sec/2020/594300a028/1rqEyGVhcY0