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Espresso Sequencer - Polygon zkEVM - Integration Demo

This repo contains a demo where two rollups based on the Polygon zkEVM stack use the Espresso Sequencer and Data Availability (DA) instead of the Polygon zkEVM Sequencer and Ethereum L1 as DA.

The repo consists mainly of rust code, docker services and end-to-end tests to tie together the following code bases:

The diagram below shows the architecture. Note that only one of the zkEVM nodes is depicted for simplicity. The diagram is intended to give a simple conceptual overview, there may be slight discrepancies in how individual components are depicted and implemented.

Architecture diagram

Usage

  • To get the latest images: just pull
  • To start the demo: just demo.
  • To stop the demo: just down

Metamask

  • If not yet set up, install Metamask and set up a new wallet.
  • In metamask click on the three dots in the top right corner, then "Expand view".
  • On the newly opened page click on the three dots in the top right corner, then "Networks" -> "Add a network" -> "Add a network manually".

Use the following parameters:

For interacting with the second rollup add a network with these parameters instead:

For "Currency symbol" anything can be set and "Block explorer URL" should be left blank.

Faucet

To request funds from the local faucet run

curl -X POST http://localhost:18111/faucet/request/0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

replacing the zero address with the desired receiver address. Use http://localhost:28111 to talk to the faucet of the second node instead.

To copy your Metamask address click on the address at the top of the Metamask panel.

Preconfirmations

If you tried the demo as instructed above, using the RPC nodes at ports 18126 and 28126, you may notice some latency (perhaps around 30s) between confirming a transaction in Metamask and having the transaction complete. In large part, this latency is because of the path the transaction has to follow between being submitted and being finalized. Refer to the architecture diagram and you'll see that, after a transaction has been sequenced, the HotShot Commitment Service must pick it up and send it to the L1 blockchain, it must be included in the L1, which can be slow, the L2 node must pick it up from the HotShot Contract, and only then can the L2 node fetch your transaction from the sequencer query service, execute it, and report the results to Metamask.

This long round trip through the L1 slows down the transaction a lot, especially on a real L1 like Ethereum, with a block time of 12 seconds and a finality time of 12 minutes. (For the demo, we use a block time of 1 second, and the latency is still noticeable!) One of the advantages of using a decentralized consensus protocol as the sequencer is that it can provide preconfirmations: ahead-of-time assurances that your transaction will be included in the rollup, before the L1 has even seen that transaction. Since HotShot is a Byzantine fault tolerant consensus protocol, these preconfirmations come with a strong guarantee: any transaction which is preconfirmed by HotShot will eventually make it to the L1 (in the same order relative to other transactions), unless at least 1/3 of the total value staked in consensus is corrupt and subjected to slashing. In the right conditions, this guarantee can be as strong as the safety guarantees of the L1 itself, especially when restaking is used to let the L1 validators themselves operate the consensus protocol.

Of course, having your transaction included in the sequence quickly isn't all that helpful if it still takes a long time to get executed. Our demo includes a second L2 node for each L2 network, which is configured to fetch new blocks directly from the sequencer's preconfirmations and execute them immediately, bypassing the slow path through the L1 completely. You can experience the results for yourself: go back into your Metmask settings, to "Networks" -> "espresso-polygon-zkevm-1", and set "New RPC URL" to http://localhost:18127. Similarly, set the RPC URL for "espresso-polygon-zkevm-2" to http://localhost:28127. This tells Metamask to use the L2 nodes that use preconfirmations, instead of the L2 nodes that use the L1, when submitting and tracking transactions.

Once you've updated your settings, you can go back to your Metamask account and try making another transfer. It should complete noticeably faster, in around 5 seconds.

Changing the L1 Block Time

For convenience, this demo uses a local L1 blockchain with a block time of 1 second. This is good for experimentation, but it tends to understate the benefits of preconfirmations. In reality, the L1 will be a blockchain like Ethereum with a substantially longer block time. Ethereum produces a new block only once every 12 seconds, and blocks do not become final for 12 minutes (until that point they can be re-orged out of the chain).

If you really want to feel the UX difference between having preconfirmations and not having them, you can rebuild the local L1 Docker image to use a different block time, and then rerun the above experiment, using Metamask with ports 18126 and 18127 to try sending transactions without and with preconfirmations, respectively.

To rebuild the L1 Docker image and change the block time, use the following command:

ESPRESSO_ZKEVM_L1_BLOCK_PERIOD=12 just build-docker-l1-geth

You can replace 12 with whatever block time you want (in seconds).

When you're done and just want things to go fast again, use just build-docker-l1-geth to revert to the default (1 second), or just pull to sync all your Docker images with the official, default versions.

Hardware Requirements

The demo requires an Intel or AMD CPU. It's currently not possible to run this demo on ARM architecture CPUs, including Macs with M1 or M2 CPUs. See this issue for more information. You can however run the example rollup demo of the Espresso Sequencer.

Because the demo runs 4 zkEVM nodes (and thus 4 zk provers) it has fairly substantial resource requirements. We recommend at least the following:

  • 6 GB RAM
  • 6 CPUs
  • 50 GB storage

On Mac, where Docker containers run in a virtualized Linux environment, you may have to take manual steps to allow Docker to access these resources, even if your hardware already has them. Open Docker Desktop and in the left sidebar click on Resources. There you can configure the amount of CPUs, RAM, and storage allotted to the Linux VM.

Lightweight Modular Demo

Since the full demo has such intense resource requirements, we have designed the demo to be modular, so you can get a much lighter version of it by starting only some of the services. To run a lightweight version of the demo, use just demo-profiles <modules>, replacing <modules> with the list of modules you want to start. The available modules are:

  • zkevm1: start a regular node and prover for the first L2
  • zkevm1-preconfirmations: start a node for the first L2 that uses fast preconfirmations
  • zkevm2: start a regular node and prover for the second L2
  • zkevm2-preconfirmations: start a node for the second L2 that uses fast preconfirmations

For example, to experiment with and without preconfirmations without the overhead of a second L2, you could run just demo-profiles zkevm1 zkevm1-preconfirmations. If you want to try out multiple simultaneous L2s but don't want the overhead of the secondary preconfirmations nodes, you could use just demo-profiles zkevm1 zkevm2.

Development

  • Obtain code: git clone --recursive git@github.com:EspressoSystems/espresso-polygon-zkevm-demo.
  • Make sure nix is installed.
  • Activate the environment with nix-shell, or nix develop, or direnv allow if using direnv.
  • Install NPM dependencies with pnpm i
  • Run just to see the available just recipes.

To know more about the environment check out the following files

Another good place to start is the end-to-end test in polygon-zkevm-adaptor/tests/end_to_end.rs.

Test

To run the tests, run

just pull # to pull docker images
cargo test --all-features

Some of the tests use Docker. In particular, reorg tests automate Docker via the Docker Unix socket. If you are running Docker Desktop for Mac, you need to configure it to create a symlink for this socket, which you can enable with Settings -> Advanced -> Allow the default Docker socket to be used.

Figures

To build the figures, run

make doc

Contracts

  • Ensure submodules are checkout out: git submodule update --init --recursive
  • Install dependencies just npm i
  • Compile the contracts just hardhat compile
  • Update the rust bindings: just update-contract-bindings
  • Update the zkevm-node contract bindings to match zkevm-contracts: just update-zkevm-node-contract-bindings

Misc

Building docker images locally

  • Build the docker images locally: just build-docker.
  • Revert to the CI docker images: just pull.

Authenticate with GitHub container registry

This is only required to download "private" docker images from the GitHub container registry.

  • Go to your github profile
  • Developer Settings > Personal access tokens > Personal access tokens (classic)
  • Generate a new token
    • for the scope options of the token, tick the repo box.
  • Run docker login ghcr.io --username <you_github_id> --password <your_personal_access_token>

Handling git submodules

The project requires to use git submodules. In order to avoid corrupting the state of one of those submodules you can:

  • run git submodule update before making changes,
  • or configure git to automatically update submodules for the repository with git config submodule.recurse true inside the repository.

Disclaimer

DISCLAIMER: This software is provided "as is" and its security has not been externally audited. Use at your own risk.