Кроме стандартных типов объектов, таких как аннотации, полигональные сетки и детали, FreeCAD также предлагает удивительную возможность создавать параметрические объекты, 100% написанные на Python, такие объекты называются (Python Features). Они ведут себя точно так же, как любой другой объект FreeCAD, автоматически сохраняются и восстанавливаются при сохранении или загрузке файла.
Должна быть понята одна особенность, эти объекты сохраняются в файлах FreeCAD FcStd вместе с модулем pythonа json. Этот модуль превращает объект pythonа в строку, позволяя его добавление в сохраняемый файл. При загрузке, модуль json использует эту строку для пересоздания оригинального объекта, обеспечивает его доступ к исходному коду, создавшему объект. Это значит, что если Вы сохранили этот пользовательский объект и открыли его на машине, где код python, который сгенерировал объект, отсутствует, объект не может быть восстановлен. Если Вы распространяете эти объекты среди других друзей, Вам нужно передавать вместе с ними скрипт pythonа, который его создал.
Примечание: Имеется возможность упаковки python кода внутрь FreeCAD файла, используя json сериализацию с помощью App::PropertyPythonObject, но этот код в конечном счете нельзя будет запустить напрямую, поэтому это мало подходит для наших целей.
Python Features следуют тому же правилу что и все остальные FreeCAD features: они разделены на App и GUI части. App часть, Объект Документ (Document Object), определяет геометрию нашего объекта, тогда как его GUI часть, Объект Визуального Представления (View Provider Object) определяет, как объект будет отображаться на экране. Объект View Provider, как и любая другая FreeCAD feature, доступен только при запуске FreeCAD в его собственном графическом интерфейсе. Существует несколько свойств и методов, доступных для создания вашего объекта. Свойства должны принадлежать к любому из предопределенных типов свойств, предлагаемых FreeCAD, и отображаться в окне просмотра свойств, чтобы пользователь мог их редактировать. Таким образом, объекты Feature Python полностью параметричны. Вы можете задать свойства как Данных, так и свойства Вида.
Следующий пример можно найти в файле src/Mod/TemplatePyMod/FeaturePython.py вместе с несколькими другими примерами:
'''Examples for a feature class and its view provider.'''
import FreeCAD, FreeCADGui
from pivy import coin
class Box:
def __init__(self, obj):
'''Add some custom properties to our box feature'''
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength", "Length", "Box", "Length of the box").Length = 1.0
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength", "Width", "Box", "Width of the box").Width = 1.0
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength", "Height", "Box", "Height of the box").Height = 1.0
obj.Proxy = self
def onChanged(self, fp, prop):
'''Do something when a property has changed'''
FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Change property: " + str(prop) + "\n")
def execute(self, fp):
'''Do something when doing a recomputation, this method is mandatory'''
FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Recompute Python Box feature\n")
class ViewProviderBox:
def __init__(self, obj):
'''Set this object to the proxy object of the actual view provider'''
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyColor","Color", "Box", "Color of the box").Color = (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
obj.Proxy = self
def attach(self, obj):
'''Setup the scene sub-graph of the view provider, this method is mandatory'''
self.shaded = coin.SoGroup()
self.wireframe = coin.SoGroup()
self.scale = coin.SoScale()
self.color = coin.SoBaseColor()
data=coin.SoCube()
self.shaded.addChild(self.scale)
self.shaded.addChild(self.color)
self.shaded.addChild(data)
obj.addDisplayMode(self.shaded, "Shaded");
style=coin.SoDrawStyle()
style.style = coin.SoDrawStyle.LINES
self.wireframe.addChild(style)
self.wireframe.addChild(self.scale)
self.wireframe.addChild(self.color)
self.wireframe.addChild(data)
obj.addDisplayMode(self.wireframe, "Wireframe");
self.onChanged(obj,"Color")
def updateData(self, fp, prop):
'''If a property of the handled feature has changed we have the chance to handle this here'''
# fp is the handled feature, prop is the name of the property that has changed
l = fp.getPropertyByName("Length")
w = fp.getPropertyByName("Width")
h = fp.getPropertyByName("Height")
self.scale.scaleFactor.setValue(float(l), float(w), float(h))
pass
def getDisplayModes(self,obj):
'''Return a list of display modes.'''
modes=[]
modes.append("Shaded")
modes.append("Wireframe")
return modes
def getDefaultDisplayMode(self):
'''Return the name of the default display mode. It must be defined in getDisplayModes.'''
return "Shaded"
def setDisplayMode(self,mode):
'''Map the display mode defined in attach with those defined in getDisplayModes.\
Since they have the same names nothing needs to be done. This method is optional'''
return mode
def onChanged(self, vp, prop):
'''Here we can do something when a single property got changed'''
FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Change property: " + str(prop) + "\n")
if prop == "Color":
c = vp.getPropertyByName("Color")
self.color.rgb.setValue(c[0], c[1], c[2])
def getIcon(self):
'''Return the icon in XPM format which will appear in the tree view. This method is\
optional and if not defined a default icon is shown.'''
return """
/* XPM */
static const char * ViewProviderBox_xpm[] = {
"16 16 6 1",
" c None",
". c #141010",
"+ c #615BD2",
"@ c #C39D55",
"# c #000000",
"$ c #57C355",
" ........",
" ......++..+..",
" .@@@@.++..++.",
" .@@@@.++..++.",
" .@@ .++++++.",
" ..@@ .++..++.",
"###@@@@ .++..++.",
"##$.@@$#.++++++.",
"#$#$.$$$........",
"#$$####### ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
" #$#$$$$$# ",
" ##$$$$$# ",
" ####### "};
"""
def dumps(self):
'''When saving the document this object gets stored using Python's json module.\
Since we have some un-serializable parts here -- the Coin stuff -- we must define this method\
to return a tuple of all serializable objects or None.'''
return None
def loads(self,state):
'''When restoring the serialized object from document we have the chance to set some internals here.\
Since no data were serialized nothing needs to be done here.'''
return None
def makeBox():
FreeCAD.newDocument()
a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::FeaturePython", "Box")
Box(a)
ViewProviderBox(a.ViewObject)
makeBox()Если Ваш объект полагается на то, что будет пересчитан во время создания, Вы должны сделать это вручную в функции __init__, поскольку пересчёт не вызывается автоматически. Этот пример не требует этого поскольку метод onChanged класса Box имеет тот же эффект, что и функция execute, но пример ниже полагается на то, что будет пересчитан перед тем как будет показан в окне трёхмерного просмотра. В этих примерах это делается вручную с помощью ActiveDocument.recompute(), но в более сложных сценариях Вы должны решить, где пересчитать либо весь документ, или объект FeaturePython.
Этот пример создаёт несколько исключений трасс стека в окне отчётов. Это поскольку метод onChanged класса Box вызывается каждый раз как свойство добавляется в __init__. Когда первое было добавлено, параметры Width и Height и потому попытки доступа к ним безуспешны.
Описание __getstate__ и __setstate__ находится в теме форума obj.Proxy.Type is a dict, not a string.
obj.addProperty(...)
returns obj, so that the value of the property can be set on the same line:
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength", "Length", "Box", "Length of the box").Length = 1.0Which is equivalent to:
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength", "Length", "Box", "Length of the box")
obj.Length = 1.0Данный пример использует верстак Part для создания октаэдра, затем создает собственное Coin представление с помощью Pivy.
Сначала сам Документированный Объект:
import FreeCAD, FreeCADGui, Part
import pivy
from pivy import coin
class Octahedron:
def __init__(self, obj):
"Add some custom properties to our box feature"
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Length","Octahedron","Length of the octahedron").Length=1.0
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Width","Octahedron","Width of the octahedron").Width=1.0
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Height","Octahedron", "Height of the octahedron").Height=1.0
obj.addProperty("Part::PropertyPartShape","Shape","Octahedron", "Shape of the octahedron")
obj.Proxy = self
def execute(self, fp):
# Define six vetices for the shape
v1 = FreeCAD.Vector(0,0,0)
v2 = FreeCAD.Vector(fp.Length,0,0)
v3 = FreeCAD.Vector(0,fp.Width,0)
v4 = FreeCAD.Vector(fp.Length,fp.Width,0)
v5 = FreeCAD.Vector(fp.Length/2,fp.Width/2,fp.Height/2)
v6 = FreeCAD.Vector(fp.Length/2,fp.Width/2,-fp.Height/2)
# Make the wires/faces
f1 = self.make_face(v1,v2,v5)
f2 = self.make_face(v2,v4,v5)
f3 = self.make_face(v4,v3,v5)
f4 = self.make_face(v3,v1,v5)
f5 = self.make_face(v2,v1,v6)
f6 = self.make_face(v4,v2,v6)
f7 = self.make_face(v3,v4,v6)
f8 = self.make_face(v1,v3,v6)
shell=Part.makeShell([f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8])
solid=Part.makeSolid(shell)
fp.Shape = solid
# helper mehod to create the faces
def make_face(self,v1,v2,v3):
wire = Part.makePolygon([v1,v2,v3,v1])
face = Part.Face(wire)
return faceТеперь , мы обладаем визуальным представлением объекта, ответственного за отображение объекта в 3D сцене:
class ViewProviderOctahedron:
def __init__(self, obj):
"Set this object to the proxy object of the actual view provider"
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyColor","Color","Octahedron","Color of the octahedron").Color=(1.0,0.0,0.0)
obj.Proxy = self
def attach(self, obj):
"Setup the scene sub-graph of the view provider, this method is mandatory"
self.shaded = coin.SoGroup()
self.wireframe = coin.SoGroup()
self.scale = coin.SoScale()
self.color = coin.SoBaseColor()
self.data=coin.SoCoordinate3()
self.face=coin.SoIndexedFaceSet()
self.shaded.addChild(self.scale)
self.shaded.addChild(self.color)
self.shaded.addChild(self.data)
self.shaded.addChild(self.face)
obj.addDisplayMode(self.shaded,"Shaded");
style=coin.SoDrawStyle()
style.style = coin.SoDrawStyle.LINES
self.wireframe.addChild(style)
self.wireframe.addChild(self.scale)
self.wireframe.addChild(self.color)
self.wireframe.addChild(self.data)
self.wireframe.addChild(self.face)
obj.addDisplayMode(self.wireframe,"Wireframe");
self.onChanged(obj,"Color")
def updateData(self, fp, prop):
"If a property of the handled feature has changed we have the chance to handle this here"
# fp is the handled feature, prop is the name of the property that has changed
if prop == "Shape":
s = fp.getPropertyByName("Shape")
self.data.point.setNum(6)
cnt=0
for i in s.Vertexes:
self.data.point.set1Value(cnt,i.X,i.Y,i.Z)
cnt=cnt+1
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(0,0)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(1,1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(2,2)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(3,-1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(4,1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(5,3)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(6,2)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(7,-1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(8,3)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(9,4)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(10,2)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(11,-1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(12,4)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(13,0)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(14,2)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(15,-1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(16,1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(17,0)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(18,5)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(19,-1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(20,3)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(21,1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(22,5)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(23,-1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(24,4)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(25,3)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(26,5)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(27,-1)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(28,0)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(29,4)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(30,5)
self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(31,-1)
def getDisplayModes(self,obj):
"Return a list of display modes."
modes=[]
modes.append("Shaded")
modes.append("Wireframe")
return modes
def getDefaultDisplayMode(self):
"Return the name of the default display mode. It must be defined in getDisplayModes."
return "Shaded"
def setDisplayMode(self,mode):
return mode
def onChanged(self, vp, prop):
"Here we can do something when a single property got changed"
FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Change property: " + str(prop) + "\n")
if prop == "Color":
c = vp.getPropertyByName("Color")
self.color.rgb.setValue(c[0],c[1],c[2])
def getIcon(self):
return """
/* XPM */
static const char * ViewProviderBox_xpm[] = {
"16 16 6 1",
" c None",
". c #141010",
"+ c #615BD2",
"@ c #C39D55",
"# c #000000",
"$ c #57C355",
" ........",
" ......++..+..",
" .@@@@.++..++.",
" .@@@@.++..++.",
" .@@ .++++++.",
" ..@@ .++..++.",
"###@@@@ .++..++.",
"##$.@@$#.++++++.",
"#$#$.$$$........",
"#$$####### ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
" #$#$$$$$# ",
" ##$$$$$# ",
" ####### "};
"""
def dumps(self):
return None
def loads(self,state):
return NoneНаконец, когда определен наш объект и его визуальный объект, нам просто нужно вызвать их:
FreeCAD.newDocument()
a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::FeaturePython","Octahedron")
Octahedron(a)
ViewProviderOctahedron(a.ViewObject)Если вы хотите чтобы ваш объект можно было выбрать, или по крайней мере его часть, щелкнув по нему в окне, вы должны включить его Coin геометрию внутрь узла SoFCSelection. Если ваш объект обладает сложным представлением, с виджетами, аннотациями, и т.д, вам может потребоваться только часть его в SoFCSelection. Всё, что находится в SoFCSelection постоянно сканируется FreeCAD для обнаружения выделения/предварительного отбора, так что имеет смысл попробовать не перегружать его ненужным сканированием.
Как только части графа сцены, которые должны быть выбраны, оказываются внутри узлов SoFCSelection, вам необходимо предоставить два метода для обработки пути выбора. Путь выбора может принимать форму строки, содержащей имена каждого элемента в пути, или массива объектов графа сцены. Вы предоставляете два метода: getDetailPath, который преобразует путь строки в массив объектов scenegraph (графа сцены), и getElementPicked, который принимает элемент, по которому щелкнули в графе сцены, и возвращает его строковое имя (примечание, а не его строковый путь).
Вот вышеприведённый пример с молекулой, адаптированный для выбора элементов молекулы:
class Molecule:
def __init__(self, obj):
''' Add two point properties '''
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p1","Line","Start point")
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p2","Line","End point").p2=FreeCAD.Vector(5,0,0)
obj.Proxy = self
def onChanged(self, fp, prop):
if prop == "p1" or prop == "p2":
''' Print the name of the property that has changed '''
fp.Shape = Part.makeLine(fp.p1,fp.p2)
def execute(self, fp):
''' Print a short message when doing a recomputation, this method is mandatory '''
fp.Shape = Part.makeLine(fp.p1,fp.p2)
class ViewProviderMolecule:
def __init__(self, obj):
''' Set this object to the proxy object of the actual view provider '''
obj.Proxy = self
self.ViewObject = obj
sep1=coin.SoSeparator()
sel1 = coin.SoType.fromName('SoFCSelection').createInstance()
# sel1.policy.setValue(coin.SoSelection.SHIFT)
sel1.ref()
sep1.addChild(sel1)
self.trl1=coin.SoTranslation()
sel1.addChild(self.trl1)
sel1.addChild(coin.SoSphere())
sep2=coin.SoSeparator()
sel2 = coin.SoType.fromName('SoFCSelection').createInstance()
sel2.ref()
sep2.addChild(sel2)
self.trl2=coin.SoTranslation()
sel2.addChild(self.trl2)
sel2.addChild(coin.SoSphere())
obj.RootNode.addChild(sep1)
obj.RootNode.addChild(sep2)
self.updateData(obj.Object, 'p2')
self.sel1 = sel1
self.sel2 = sel2
def getDetailPath(self, subname, path, append):
vobj = self.ViewObject
if append:
path.append(vobj.RootNode)
path.append(vobj.SwitchNode)
mode = vobj.SwitchNode.whichChild.getValue()
if mode >= 0:
mode = vobj.SwitchNode.getChild(mode)
path.append(mode)
sub = Part.splitSubname(subname)[-1]
if sub == 'Atom1':
path.append(self.sel1)
elif sub == 'Atom2':
path.append(self.sel2)
else:
path.append(mode.getChild(0))
return True
def getElementPicked(self, pp):
path = pp.getPath()
if path.findNode(self.sel1) >= 0:
return 'Atom1'
if path.findNode(self.sel2) >= 0:
return 'Atom2'
raise NotImplementedError
def updateData(self, fp, prop):
"If a property of the handled feature has changed we have the chance to handle this here"
# fp is the handled feature, prop is the name of the property that has changed
if prop == "p1":
p = fp.getPropertyByName("p1")
self.trl1.translation=(p.x,p.y,p.z)
elif prop == "p2":
p = fp.getPropertyByName("p2")
self.trl2.translation=(p.x,p.y,p.z)
def dumps(self):
return None
def loads(self,state):
return None
def makeMolecule():
FreeCAD.newDocument()
a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::FeaturePython","Molecule")
Molecule(a)
ViewProviderMolecule(a.ViewObject)
FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.recompute()Если ваш параметрический объект - это просто геометрическая форма, то вам не нужно использовать view provider объект. Форма будет отображаться стандартными способами представления форм FreeCAD:
import FreeCAD as App
import FreeCADGui
import FreeCAD
import Part
class Line:
def __init__(self, obj):
'''"App two point properties" '''
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p1","Line","Start point")
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p2","Line","End point").p2=FreeCAD.Vector(1,0,0)
obj.Proxy = self
def execute(self, fp):
'''"Print a short message when doing a recomputation, this method is mandatory" '''
fp.Shape = Part.makeLine(fp.p1,fp.p2)
a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::FeaturePython","Line")
Line(a)
a.ViewObject.Proxy=0 # just set it to something different from None (this assignment is needed to run an internal notification)
FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.recompute()Тот же код с применением ViewProviderLine
import FreeCAD as App
import FreeCADGui
import FreeCAD
import Part
class Line:
def __init__(self, obj):
'''"App two point properties" '''
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p1","Line","Start point")
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p2","Line","End point").p2=FreeCAD.Vector(100,0,0)
obj.Proxy = self
def execute(self, fp):
'''"Print a short message when doing a recomputation, this method is mandatory" '''
fp.Shape = Part.makeLine(fp.p1,fp.p2)
class ViewProviderLine:
def __init__(self, obj):
''' Set this object to the proxy object of the actual view provider '''
obj.Proxy = self
def getDefaultDisplayMode(self):
''' Return the name of the default display mode. It must be defined in getDisplayModes. '''
return "Flat Lines"
a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::FeaturePython","Line")
Line(a)
ViewProviderLine(a.ViewObject)
App.ActiveDocument.recompute()You may have noticed that the examples above construct their scenegraphs in slightly different ways. Some use obj.addDisplayMode(node, "modename") while others use obj.SwitchNode.getChild(x).addChild(y).
Each feature in a FreeCAD document is based the following scenegraph structure:
RootNode
\- SwitchNode
\- Shaded
- Wireframe
- etcThe SwitchNode displays only one of its children, depending on which display mode is selection in FreeCAD.
The examples which use addDisplayMode are constructing their scenegraphs solely out of coin3d scenegraph elements. Under the covers, addDisplayMode adds a new child to the SwitchNode; the name of that node will match the display mode it was passed.
The examples which use SwitchNode.getChild(x).addChild also construct part of their geometry using functions from the Part workbench, such as 1=fp.Shape = Part.makeLine(fp.p1,fp.p2). This constructs the different display mode scenegraphs under the SwitchNode; when we later come to add coin3d elements to the scenegraph, we need to add them to the existing display mode scenegraphs using addChild rather than creating a new child of the SwitchNode.
When using addDisplayMode() to add geometry to the scenegraph, each display mode should have its own node which is passed to addDisplayMode(); don't reuse the same node for this. Doing so will confuse the selection mechanism. It's okay if each display mode's node has the same geometry nodes added below it, just the root of each display mode needs to be distinct.
Here is the above molecule example, adapted to be drawn only with Coin3D scenegraph objects instead of using objects from the Part workbench:
import Part
from pivy import coin
class Molecule:
def __init__(self, obj):
''' Add two point properties '''
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p1","Line","Start point")
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p2","Line","End point").p2=FreeCAD.Vector(5,0,0)
obj.Proxy = self
def onChanged(self, fp, prop):
pass
def execute(self, fp):
''' Print a short message when doing a recomputation, this method is mandatory '''
pass
class ViewProviderMolecule:
def __init__(self, obj):
''' Set this object to the proxy object of the actual view provider '''
self.constructed = False
obj.Proxy = self
self.ViewObject = obj
def attach(self, obj):
material = coin.SoMaterial()
material.diffuseColor = (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
material.emissiveColor = (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
drawStyle = coin.SoDrawStyle()
drawStyle.pointSize.setValue(10)
drawStyle.style = coin.SoDrawStyle.LINES
wireframe = coin.SoGroup()
shaded = coin.SoGroup()
self.wireframe = wireframe
self.shaded = shaded
self.coords = coin.SoCoordinate3()
self.coords.point.setValues(0, 2, [FreeCAD.Vector(0, 0, 0), FreeCAD.Vector(1, 0, 0)])
wireframe += self.coords
wireframe += drawStyle
wireframe += material
shaded += self.coords
shaded += drawStyle
shaded += material
g = coin.SoGroup()
sel1 = coin.SoType.fromName('SoFCSelection').createInstance()
sel1.style = 'EMISSIVE_DIFFUSE'
p1 = coin.SoType.fromName('SoIndexedPointSet').createInstance()
p1.coordIndex.set1Value(0, 0)
sel1 += p1
g += sel1
wireframe += g
shaded += g
g = coin.SoGroup()
sel2 = coin.SoType.fromName('SoFCSelection').createInstance()
sel2.style = 'EMISSIVE_DIFFUSE'
p2 = coin.SoType.fromName('SoIndexedPointSet').createInstance()
p2.coordIndex.set1Value(0, 1)
sel2 += p2
g += sel2
wireframe += g
shaded += g
g = coin.SoGroup()
sel3 = coin.SoType.fromName('SoFCSelection').createInstance()
sel3.style = 'EMISSIVE_DIFFUSE'
p3 = coin.SoType.fromName('SoIndexedLineSet').createInstance()
p3.coordIndex.setValues(0, 2, [0, 1])
sel3 += p3
g += sel3
wireframe += g
shaded += g
obj.addDisplayMode(wireframe, 'Wireframe')
obj.addDisplayMode(shaded, 'Shaded')
self.sel1 = sel1
self.sel2 = sel2
self.sel3 = sel3
self.constructed = True
self.updateData(obj.Object, 'p2')
def getDetailPath(self, subname, path, append):
vobj = self.ViewObject
if append:
path.append(vobj.RootNode)
path.append(vobj.SwitchNode)
mode = vobj.SwitchNode.whichChild.getValue()
FreeCAD.Console.PrintWarning("getDetailPath: mode {} is active\n".format(mode))
if mode >= 0:
mode = vobj.SwitchNode.getChild(mode)
path.append(mode)
sub = Part.splitSubname(subname)[-1]
print(sub)
if sub == 'Atom1':
path.append(self.sel1)
elif sub == 'Atom2':
path.append(self.sel2)
elif sub == 'Line':
path.append(self.sel3)
else:
path.append(mode.getChild(0))
return True
def getElementPicked(self, pp):
path = pp.getPath()
if path.findNode(self.sel1) >= 0:
return 'Atom1'
if path.findNode(self.sel2) >= 0:
return 'Atom2'
if path.findNode(self.sel3) >= 0:
return 'Line'
raise NotImplementedError
def updateData(self, fp, prop):
"If a property of the handled feature has changed we have the chance to handle this here"
# fp is the handled feature, prop is the name of the property that has changed
if not self.constructed:
return
if prop == "p1":
p = fp.getPropertyByName("p1")
self.coords.point.set1Value(0, p)
elif prop == "p2":
p = fp.getPropertyByName("p2")
self.coords.point.set1Value(1, p)
def getDisplayModes(self, obj):
return ['Wireframe', 'Shaded']
def getDefaultDisplayMode(self):
return 'Shaded'
def setDisplayMode(self, mode):
return mode
def dumps(self):
return None
def loads(self,state):
return None
def makeMolecule():
FreeCAD.newDocument()
a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::FeaturePython","Molecule")
Molecule(a)
b=ViewProviderMolecule(a.ViewObject)
a.touch()
FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.recompute()
return a,b
a,b = makeMolecule()When making scripted objects in Part Design the process is similar to the scripted objects discussed above, but with a few additional considerations. We must handle 2 shape properties, one for the shape we see in the 3D view and another for the shape used by the pattern tools, such as polar pattern features. The object shapes also needs to be fused to any existing material already in the Body (or cut from it in the case of Subtractive features). And we must account for the placement and attachment of our objects a little bit differently.
Part Design scripted solid object features should be based on either PartDesign::FeaturePython, PartDesign::FeatureAdditivePython, or PartDesign::FeatureSubtractivePython rather than Part::FeaturePython. Only the Additive and Subtractive variants can be used in pattern features, and if based on Part::FeaturePython when the user drops the object into a Part Design Body it becomes a BaseFeature rather than being treated by the Body as a native Part Design object. Note: all of these are expected to be solids, so if you are making a non-solid feature it should be based on Part::FeaturePython or else the next feature in the tree will attempt to fuse to as a solid and it will fail.
Here is a simple example of making a Tube primitive, similar to the Tube primitive in Part Workbench except this one will be a Part Design solid feature object. For this we will 2 separate files: pdtube.FCMacro and pdtube.py. The .FCMacro file will be executed by the user to create the object. The .py file will hold the class definitions, imported by the .FCMacro. The reason for doing it this way is to maintain the parametric nature of the object after restarting FreeCAD and opening a document containing one of our Tubes.
First, the class definition file:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#classes should go in pdtube.py
import FreeCAD, FreeCADGui, Part
class PDTube:
def __init__(self,obj):
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Radius1","Tube","Radius1").Radius1 = 5
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Radius2","Tube","Radius2").Radius2 = 10
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Height","Tube","Height of tube").Height = 10
self.makeAttachable(obj)
obj.Proxy = self
def makeAttachable(self, obj):
if int(FreeCAD.Version()[1]) >= 19:
obj.addExtension('Part::AttachExtensionPython')
else:
obj.addExtension('Part::AttachExtensionPython', obj)
obj.setEditorMode('Placement', 0) #non-readonly non-hidden
def execute(self,fp):
outer_cylinder = Part.makeCylinder(fp.Radius2, fp.Height)
inner_cylinder = Part.makeCylinder(fp.Radius1, fp.Height)
if fp.Radius1 == fp.Radius2: #just make cylinder
tube_shape = outer_cylinder
elif fp.Radius1 < fp.Radius2:
tube_shape = outer_cylinder.cut(inner_cylinder)
else: #invert rather than error out
tube_shape = inner_cylinder.cut(outer_cylinder)
if not hasattr(fp, "positionBySupport"):
self.makeAttachable(fp)
fp.positionBySupport()
tube_shape.Placement = fp.Placement
#BaseFeature (shape property of type Part::PropertyPartShape) is provided for us
#with the PartDesign::FeaturePython and related classes, but it might be empty
#if our object is the first object in the tree. it's a good idea to check
#for its existence in case we want to make type Part::FeaturePython, which won't have it
if hasattr(fp, "BaseFeature") and fp.BaseFeature != None:
if "Subtractive" in fp.TypeId:
full_shape = fp.BaseFeature.Shape.cut(tube_shape)
else:
full_shape = fp.BaseFeature.Shape.fuse(tube_shape)
full_shape.transformShape(fp.Placement.inverse().toMatrix(), True) #borrowed from gears workbench
fp.Shape = full_shape
else:
fp.Shape = tube_shape
if hasattr(fp,"AddSubShape"): #PartDesign::FeatureAdditivePython and
#PartDesign::FeatureSubtractivePython have this
#property but PartDesign::FeaturePython does not
#It is the shape used for copying in pattern features
#for example in making a polar pattern
tube_shape.transformShape(fp.Placement.inverse().toMatrix(), True)
fp.AddSubShape = tube_shape
class PDTubeVP:
def __init__(self, obj):
'''Set this object to the proxy object of the actual view provider'''
obj.Proxy = self
def attach(self,vobj):
self.vobj = vobj
def updateData(self, fp, prop):
'''If a property of the handled feature has changed we have the chance to handle this here'''
pass
def getDisplayModes(self,obj):
'''Return a list of display modes.'''
modes=[]
modes.append("Flat Lines")
modes.append("Shaded")
modes.append("Wireframe")
return modes
def getDefaultDisplayMode(self):
'''Return the name of the default display mode. It must be defined in getDisplayModes.'''
return "Flat Lines"
def setDisplayMode(self,mode):
'''Map the display mode defined in attach with those defined in getDisplayModes.\
Since they have the same names nothing needs to be done. This method is optional'''
return mode
def onChanged(self, vp, prop):
'''Here we can do something when a single property got changed'''
#FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Change property: " + str(prop) + "\n")
pass
def getIcon(self):
'''Return the icon in XPM format which will appear in the tree view. This method is\
optional and if not defined a default icon is shown.'''
return """
/* XPM */
static const char * ViewProviderBox_xpm[] = {
"16 16 6 1",
" c None",
". c #141010",
"+ c #615BD2",
"@ c #C39D55",
"# c #000000",
"$ c #57C355",
" ........",
" ......++..+..",
" .@@@@.++..++.",
" .@@@@.++..++.",
" .@@ .++++++.",
" ..@@ .++..++.",
"###@@@@ .++..++.",
"##$.@@$#.++++++.",
"#$#$.$$$........",
"#$$####### ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
"#$$#$$$$$# ",
" #$#$$$$$# ",
" ##$$$$$# ",
" ####### "};
"""
def dumps(self):
'''When saving the document this object gets stored using Python's json module.\
Since we have some un-serializable parts here -- the Coin stuff -- we must define this method\
to return a tuple of all serializable objects or None.'''
return None
def loads(self,state):
'''When restoring the serialized object from document we have the chance to set some internals here.\
Since no data were serialized nothing needs to be done here.'''
return NoneAnd now the macro file to create the object:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#pdtube.FCMacro
import pdtube
#above line needed if the class definitions above are place in another file: PDTube.py
#this is needed if the tube object is to remain parametric after restarting FreeCAD and loading
#a document containing the object
body = FreeCADGui.ActiveDocument.ActiveView.getActiveObject("pdbody")
if not body:
FreeCAD.Console.PrintError("No active body.\n")
else:
from PySide import QtGui
window = FreeCADGui.getMainWindow()
items = ["Additive","Subtractive","Neither additive nor subtractive"]
item,ok =QtGui.QInputDialog.getItem(window,"Select tube type","Select whether you want additive, subtractive, or neither:",items,0,False)
if ok:
if item == items[0]:
className = "PartDesign::FeatureAdditivePython"
elif item == items[1]:
className = "PartDesign::FeatureSubtractivePython"
else:
className = "PartDesign::FeaturePython" #not usable in pattern features, such as polar pattern
tube = FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject(className,"Tube")
pdtube.PDTube(tube)
pdtube.PDTubeVP(tube.ViewObject)
body.addObject(tube) #optionally we can also use body.insertObject() for placing at particular place in treeThe object types you can create with FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject() depend on the loaded modules. After loading all internal workbenches a complete list can be obtained with FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.supportedTypes(). Only object types with a name ending in Python can be used for scripted objects. These are listed here (for FreeCAD v1.0):
-
App::DocumentObjectGroupPython -
App::FeaturePython -
App::GeometryPython -
App::LinkElementPython -
App::LinkGroupPython -
App::LinkPython -
App::MaterialObjectPython -
App::PlacementPython -
Fem::ConstraintPython -
Fem::FeaturePython -
Fem::FemAnalysisPython -
Fem::FemMeshObjectPython -
Fem::FemResultObjectPython -
Fem::FemSolverObjectPython -
Measure::MeasurePython -
Mesh::FeaturePython -
Part::CustomFeaturePython -
Part::FeaturePython -
Part::Part2DObjectPython -
PartDesign::FeatureAdditivePython -
PartDesign::FeatureAddSubPython -
PartDesign::FeaturePython -
PartDesign::FeatureSubtractivePython -
PartDesign::SubShapeBinderPython -
Path::FeatureAreaPython -
Path::FeatureAreaViewPython -
Path::FeatureCompoundPython -
Path::FeaturePython -
Path::FeatureShapePython -
Points::FeaturePython -
Sketcher::SketchObjectPython -
Spreadsheet::SheetPython -
TechDraw::DrawBrokenViewPython -
TechDraw::DrawComplexSectionPython -
TechDraw::DrawLeaderLinePython -
TechDraw::DrawPagePython -
TechDraw::DrawRichAnnoPython -
TechDraw::DrawTemplatePython -
TechDraw::DrawTilePython -
TechDraw::DrawTileWeldPython -
TechDraw::DrawViewPartPython -
TechDraw::DrawViewPython -
TechDraw::DrawViewSectionPython -
TechDraw::DrawViewSymbolPython -
TechDraw::DrawWeldSymbolPython
Полное описание доступно на странице методы FeaturePython.
Свойства - это "строительные блоки" объекта FeaturePython. Через них пользователь может взаимодействовать с объектом и вносить изменения в него. После создания нового FeaturePython объекта в вашем документе ( a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::FeaturePython","Box") ),вы можете получить список доступных свойств, с помощью:
obj = FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::FeaturePython", "Box")
obj.supportedProperties()Вы получите список доступных свойств, которые более подробно описаны на странице пользовательских свойств объекта FeaturePython:
При добавлении новых свойств к пользовательским объектам, позаботьтесь об этом:
- Не используйте символы "<" или ">" в описании свойств (это вызовет поломку xml части .fcstd файла)
- Свойства хранятся в .fcstd файле в алфавитном порядке. Если у вас есть форма(shape) в ваших свойствах, любое свойство имя которого идет, в алфавитном порядке, после "Shape" , будет загружено ПОСЛЕ формы, что может привести к странному поведению.
The properties are defined in the PropertyStandard C++ header file.
По умолчанию свойства могут быть обновлены. Имеется возможность сделать свойство только для чтения (read-only), например, в случае если требуется отображать только результат выполнения метода. Также возможно создать скрытое (hidden) свойство. Сам же тип свойства можно задать с помощью:
obj.setEditorMode("MyPropertyName", mode)где переменная mode (short int типа) - может иметь следующие значения:
0 -- значение по умолчанию, допускает как чтение, так и запись 1 -- свойство только для чтения (read-only) 2 -- скрытое свойство (hidden)
The attributes can also be set using a list of strings, e.g. obj.setEditorMode("Placement", ["ReadOnly", "Hidden"]).
Attributes set using {{Incode|setEditorMode}} can be removed by the user. See Property editor. Note that read-only properties can still be changed from Python.
You can also set these, and more, attributes directly with the {{Incode|addProperty}} function. Attributes set with that function cannot be changed by the user. An interesting possibility is to mark a property as an output property. This way FreeCAD won't mark the object as touched when changing it (so no need to recompute).
Example of output property (see also https://forum.freecad.org/viewtopic.php?t=24928):
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyString", "MyCustomProperty", "", "", 8)The attributes that can be set with {{Incode|addProperty}} are listed below. Multiple attributes can be set by adding values.
0 -- Prop_None, No special property attribute 1 -- Prop_ReadOnly, Property is read-only in the editor 2 -- Prop_Transient, Property won't be saved to file 4 -- Prop_Hidden, Property won't appear in the editor 8 -- Prop_Output, Modified property doesn't touch its parent container 16 -- Prop_NoRecompute, Modified property doesn't touch its container for recompute 32 -- Prop_NoPersist, Property won't be saved to file at all
Вы можете найти эти различные типы свойств, определённые в заголовочном файле PropertyContainer исходного кода C++.
For {{Incode|Prop_ReadOnly}} and {{Incode|Prop_Hidden}} the {{Incode|addProperty}} function has boolean arguments as well:
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyString", "MyCustomProperty", "", "", 0, True, True)Which is equivalent to:
obj.addProperty("App::PropertyString", "MyCustomProperty", "", "", 1+4)(v1.0)
: The full signature of the function is:
obj.addProperty(type: string, name: string, group="", doc="", attr=0, read_only=False, hidden=False, enum_vals=[])-
{{Incode|type}}: Property type.
-
{{Incode|name}}: Property name.
-
{{Incode|group}}: Property subsection (used in the Property editor).
-
{{Incode|doc}}: Tooltip (idem).
-
{{Incode|attr}}: Attribute, see above.
-
{{Incode|read_only}}: See above.
-
{{Incode|hidden}}: See above.
-
{{Incode|enum_vals}}: Enumeration values (list of string), only relevant if type is {{Incode|"App::PropertyEnumeration"}}.
The list of available extensions can be obtained with grep -RI EXTENSION_PROPERTY_SOURCE_TEMPLATE in the repository of the source code and is given here (for FreeCAD v0.21).
For objects:
-
App::GeoFeatureGroupExtensionPython -
App::GroupExtensionPython -
App::LinkBaseExtensionPython -
App::LinkExtensionPython -
App::OriginGroupExtensionPython -
Part::AttachExtensionPython -
TechDraw::CosmeticExtensionPython
For view objects:
-
Gui::ViewProviderExtensionPython -
Gui::ViewProviderGeoFeatureGroupExtensionPython -
Gui::ViewProviderGroupExtensionPython -
Gui::ViewProviderOriginGroupExtensionPython -
PartGui::ViewProviderAttachExtensionPython -
PartGui::ViewProviderSplineExtensionPython
There exist other extensions but they do not work as-is:
-
App::ExtensionPython -
TechDrawGui::ViewProviderCosmeticExtensionPython -
TechDrawGui::ViewProviderDrawingViewExtensionPython -
TechDrawGui::ViewProviderPageExtensionPython -
TechDrawGui::ViewProviderTemplateExtensionPython
Дополнительные страницы Вики FreeCADа:
- Scripted objects saving attributes
- Scripted objects migration
- Scripted objects with attachment
- Viewproviders
Интересные темы форума про создание объектов с помощью скриптов:
- Python object attributes lost at load
- New FeaturePython is grey
- Explanation on dumps and loads, official documentation
- Eigenmode frequency always 0?
- how to implement python feature's setEdit properly?
В дополнение к представленным примерам, посмотрите FreeCAD src/Mod/TemplatePyMod/FeaturePython.py, находящийся в папке с исходными кодами FreeCAD.
⏵ documentation index > Developer Documentation > Python Code > Scripted objects/ru