Add load_mercury_relief to load Mercury relief dataset in various re…

…solutions and registrations (#3028)

Co-authored-by: Wei Ji <23487320+weiji14@users.noreply.github.com>

doc/api/index.rst

@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ and store them in GMT's user data directory.
     datasets.load_earth_relief
     datasets.load_earth_vertical_gravity_gradient
     datasets.load_mars_relief
+    datasets.load_mercury_relief
     datasets.load_moon_relief
     datasets.load_pluto_relief
     datasets.load_venus_relief

pygmt/datasets/__init__.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     load_earth_vertical_gravity_gradient,
 )
 from pygmt.datasets.mars_relief import load_mars_relief
+from pygmt.datasets.mercury_relief import load_mercury_relief
 from pygmt.datasets.moon_relief import load_moon_relief
 from pygmt.datasets.pluto_relief import load_pluto_relief
 from pygmt.datasets.samples import list_sample_data, load_sample_data

pygmt/datasets/load_remote_dataset.py

@@ -272,6 +272,27 @@ class GMTRemoteDataset(NamedTuple):
             "14s": Resolution("14s", registrations=["pixel"], tiled=True),
         },
     ),
+    "mercury_relief": GMTRemoteDataset(
+        title="Mercury relief",
+        name="mercury_relief",
+        long_name="USGS Mercury relief",
+        units="meters",
+        extra_attributes={},
+        resolutions={
+            "01d": Resolution("01d"),
+            "30m": Resolution("30m"),
+            "20m": Resolution("20m"),
+            "15m": Resolution("15m"),
+            "10m": Resolution("10m"),
+            "06m": Resolution("06m"),
+            "05m": Resolution("05m", tiled=True),
+            "04m": Resolution("04m", tiled=True),
+            "03m": Resolution("03m", tiled=True),
+            "02m": Resolution("02m", tiled=True),
+            "01m": Resolution("01m", tiled=True),
+            "56s": Resolution("56s", registrations=["pixel"], tiled=True),
+        },
+    ),
     "pluto_relief": GMTRemoteDataset(
         title="Pluto relief",
         name="pluto_relief",

pygmt/datasets/mercury_relief.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""
+Function to download the Mercury relief dataset from the GMT data server, and load as
+:class:`xarray.DataArray`.
+
+The grids are available in various resolutions.
+"""
+from typing import Literal
+
+from pygmt.datasets.load_remote_dataset import _load_remote_dataset
+from pygmt.helpers import kwargs_to_strings
+
+__doctest_skip__ = ["load_mercury_relief"]
+
+
+@kwargs_to_strings(region="sequence")
+def load_mercury_relief(
+    resolution="01d",
+    region=None,
+    registration: Literal["gridline", "pixel", None] = None,
+):
+    r"""
+    Load the Mercury relief dataset in various resolutions.
+
+    .. figure:: https://www.generic-mapping-tools.org/remote-datasets/_images/GMT_mercury_relief.jpg
+       :width: 80%
+       :align: center
+
+       Mercury relief dataset.
+
+    The grids are downloaded to a user data directory (usually
+    ``~/.gmt/server/mercury/mercury_relief/``) the first time you invoke this function.
+    Afterwards, it will load the grid from the data directory. So you'll need an
+    internet connection the first time around.
+
+    These grids can also be accessed by passing in the file name
+    **@mercury_relief**\_\ *res*\[_\ *reg*] to any grid processing function or plotting
+    method. *res* is the grid resolution (see below), and *reg* is the grid registration
+    type (**p** for pixel registration or **g** for gridline registration).
+
+    The default color palette table (CPT) for this dataset is *@mercury_relief.cpt*.
+    It's implicitly used when passing in the file name of the dataset to any grid
+    plotting method if no CPT is explicitly specified. When the dataset is loaded and
+    plotted as an :class:`xarray.DataArray` object, the default CPT is ignored, and
+    GMT's default CPT (*turbo*) is used. To use the dataset-specific CPT, you need to
+    explicitly set ``cmap="@mercury_relief.cpt"``.
+
+    Refer to :gmt-datasets:`mercury-relief.html` for more details about available
+    datasets, including version information and references.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    resolution : str
+        The grid resolution. The suffix ``d``, ``m`` and ``s`` stand for arc-degrees,
+        arc-minutes and arc-seconds. It can be ``"01d"``, ``"30m"``, ``"20m"``,
+        ``"15m"``, ``"10m"``, ``"06m"``, ``"05m"``, ``"04m"``, ``"03m"``, ``"02m"``,
+        ``"01m"``, and ``"56s"``.
+    region : str or list
+        The subregion of the grid to load, in the form of a list
+        [*xmin*, *xmax*, *ymin*, *ymax*] or a string *xmin/xmax/ymin/ymax*. Required for
+        grids with resolutions higher than 5 arc-minutes (i.e., ``"05m"``).
+    registration
+        Grid registration type. Either ``"pixel"`` for pixel registration or
+        ``"gridline"`` for gridline registration. Default is ``None``, means
+        ``"gridline"`` for all resolutions except for ``"56s"`` which is ``"pixel"``
+        only.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    grid : :class:`xarray.DataArray`
+        The Mercury relief grid. Coordinates are latitude and longitude in degrees.
+        Relief is in meters.
+
+    Note
+    ----
+    The registration and coordinate system type of the returned
+    :class:`xarray.DataArray` grid can be accessed via the GMT accessors (i.e.,
+    ``grid.gmt.registration`` and ``grid.gmt.gtype`` respectively). However, these
+    properties may be lost after specific grid operations (such as slicing) and will
+    need to be manually set before passing the grid to any PyGMT data processing or
+    plotting functions. Refer to :class:`pygmt.GMTDataArrayAccessor` for detailed
+    explanations and workarounds.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from pygmt.datasets import load_mercury_relief
+    >>> # load the default grid (gridline-registered 1 arc-degree grid)
+    >>> grid = load_mercury_relief()
+    >>> # load the 30 arc-minutes grid with "gridline" registration
+    >>> grid = load_mercury_relief(resolution="30m", registration="gridline")
+    >>> # load high-resolution (5 arc-minutes) grid for a specific region
+    >>> grid = load_mercury_relief(
+    ...     resolution="05m",
+    ...     region=[120, 160, 30, 60],
+    ...     registration="gridline",
+    ... )
+    """
+    grid = _load_remote_dataset(
+        dataset_name="mercury_relief",
+        dataset_prefix="mercury_relief_",
+        resolution=resolution,
+        region=region,
+        registration=registration,
+    )
+    return grid

pygmt/helpers/caching.py

@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ def cache_data():
         # Mars relief grids
         "@mars_relief_01d_g",
         "@N00W030.mars_relief_01m_g.nc",  # Specific grid for 01m tes
+        # Mercury relief grids
+        "@mercury_relief_01d_g",
+        "@N00W030.mercury_relief_01m_p.nc",  # Specific grid for 01m test
         # Moon relief grids
         "@moon_relief_01d_g",
         "@N00W030.moon_relief_01m_p.nc",  # Specific grid for 01m test

pygmt/tests/test_datasets_mercury_relief.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""
+Test basic functionality for loading Mercury relief datasets.
+"""
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.testing as npt
+from pygmt.datasets import load_mercury_relief
+
+
+def test_mercury_relief_01d():
+    """
+    Test some properties of the Mercury relief 01d data.
+    """
+    data = load_mercury_relief(resolution="01d")
+    assert data.name == "mercury_relief"
+    assert data.attrs["units"] == "meters"
+    assert data.attrs["long_name"] == "USGS Mercury relief"
+    assert data.shape == (181, 361)
+    assert data.gmt.registration == 0
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.lat, np.arange(-90, 91, 1))
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.lon, np.arange(-180, 181, 1))
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.min(), -5103.5, atol=0.5)
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.max(), 3416.0, atol=0.5)
+
+
+def test_mercury_relief_01d_with_region():
+    """
+    Test loading low-resolution Mercury relief with 'region'.
+    """
+    data = load_mercury_relief(resolution="01d", region=[-10, 10, -5, 5])
+    assert data.shape == (11, 21)
+    assert data.gmt.registration == 0
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.lat, np.arange(-5, 6, 1))
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.lon, np.arange(-10, 11, 1))
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.min(), -327.0, atol=0.5)
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.max(), 3027.5, atol=0.5)
+
+
+def test_mercury_relief_01m_default_registration():
+    """
+    Test that the grid returned by default for the 1 arc-minute resolution has
+    a "gridline" registration.
+    """
+    data = load_mercury_relief(resolution="01m", region=[-10, -9, 3, 5])
+    assert data.shape == (121, 61)
+    assert data.gmt.registration == 0
+    assert data.coords["lat"].data.min() == 3.0
+    assert data.coords["lat"].data.max() == 5.0
+    assert data.coords["lon"].data.min() == -10.0
+    assert data.coords["lon"].data.max() == -9.0
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.min(), 1953.0, atol=0.5)
+    npt.assert_allclose(data.max(), 3721.0, atol=0.5)