Hillas Plot

Showing upper limits on the reachable cosmic ray energy dependent on the size of the acceleration region and the magnetic field strength.

Simplified version - based on publications (see below) with some approximations. Please use the Zenodo link for citation.

German version and english version available:

This plot has been used in E.Pueschel, G.Maier, Extrem beschleunigend; Physik Journal Jan 2022

Technical

Notebook used for plotting. All packages can be installed using conda (matplotlib, astropy, pyyaml)

conda env create -f environment.yml
conda activate HillasPlot

Data of all objects to be drawn is read from two yaml files.

HillasObjects-simplified.yam: List of objects to be plotted. Given is object type (Marker, Rectangle, Trapezoid), coordinates, and labels.

ParticleAcceleration.yaml: List of lines to be drawn for maximal achievable energy using the Hillas formula:

$$B_{\mu G}L_{pc}>2E_{15}/Z\beta$$

Set the language at the top of the notebook.

References

1. Hillas, M., Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1984 22:425
2. Ptitsyna, Kseniya V.; Troitsky, Sergei V., Physics Uspekhi, Volume 53, Issue 7, pp. 691-701 (2010). arXiv:0808.0367
3. Lobato, Ronaldo V.; Coelho, Jaziel G.; Malheiro, M., 2017JPhCS.861a2005L
4. Artsen, M.G., et al, Advances in Space Research, Volume 62, Issue 10, p. 2902-2930; arXiv:1701.03731 (Figure 1)
5. Alves Batista, R., Biteau, J., Bustamante, M., et al., 2019, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 6, 23. arXiv:1903.06714 (Figure 11)