Facial Recognition Attack's - Checklist

Techniques and Mitigations

• Liveness Detection: Test the system's ability to detect liveness, ensuring that it can differentiate between real human faces and photos, videos, or masks.

• Deepfake Detection: Evaluate the system's ability to recognize and reject deepfake-generated images or videos.

• Image Manipulation Detection: Test the system's resilience to various image manipulation techniques like resizing, cropping, or changing lighting conditions.

• Spoofing Attacks: Attempt to bypass the system using spoofing techniques, such as using a 3D printed face, prosthetic mask, or makeup.

• Adversarial Attacks: Evaluate the system's robustness against adversarial attacks, such as small perturbations in the input image that might cause misclassification.

• Demographic Bias: Analyze the system's performance across different demographic groups (age, gender, ethnicity) to ensure it does not exhibit any bias.

• Enrollment and Verification Process: Assess the security and integrity of the enrollment and verification processes, such as encryption, hashing, and secure storage of biometric data.

• Encryption and Data Security: Evaluate the security of data at rest and in transit, ensuring that proper encryption and secure communication protocols are used.

• Access Controls: Test the effectiveness of access controls and privilege management for administrative and user accounts.

• Logging and Auditing: Assess the system's logging and auditing capabilities, ensuring that security events are properly recorded and monitored.

• Configuration Review: Check the system's configuration settings for potential security weaknesses or misconfigurations.

• Patch Management: Evaluate the system's patch management process, ensuring that all components are up-to-date with the latest security patches.

• API Security: Test the security of any APIs used by the face verification system, including authentication, authorization, and input validation.

• Input Validation: Assess the system's ability to handle malicious input, such as special characters or oversized payloads, to prevent attacks like SQL injection or buffer overflows.

• Error Handling: Test the system's error handling to ensure that it does not reveal sensitive information or provide attackers with useful information.

• Load and Stress Testing: Evaluate the system's performance and resilience under high load or stress conditions, simulating real-world usage scenarios.

• Authentication and Session Management: Test the security of authentication and session management mechanisms used by the system.

• Network Security: Evaluate the security of the network infrastructure, including firewalls, routers, and switches, to protect the face verification system.

• Third-party Components: Assess the security of any third-party components used in the system, such as libraries, plugins, or frameworks.

• Social Engineering: Test the organization's vulnerability to social engineering attacks, such as phishing, pretexting, or baiting, which could be used to compromise the face verification system.

• Physical Security: Evaluate the physical security measures in place, such as access controls, security cameras, or alarm systems, to protect the hardware and infrastructure supporting the face verification system.

• Backup and Disaster Recovery: Assess the organization's backup and disaster recovery plans for the face verification system, ensuring data can be restored in the event of a breach or failure.

• Incident Response Plan Testing: Evaluate the organization's incident response plan by simulating a security incident involving the face verification system.

• Security Awareness Training: Test the effectiveness of your security awareness training program by conducting simulated attacks and evaluating employee responses.

• Regular Security Assessments: Schedule and conduct regular security assessments, such as penetration tests or vulnerability scans, to maintain the security posture of the face verification system

Tools to Testing

• OpenBR (Open Biometric Recognition): An open-source biometric recognition platform for developing and evaluating biometric algorithms, including facial recognition.

• Deepfake Detection Challenge (DFDC) Dataset: A dataset provided by Facebook AI for training and evaluating deepfake detection algorithms, which can be used to test your facial recognition system's resilience against deepfakes.

• FaceForensics++: A dataset and benchmark for facial manipulation detection, useful for testing your system's ability to detect manipulated images.

• TensorFlow Adversarial Robustness Toolkit (TF-ART): A library for crafting adversarial examples and evaluating the robustness of machine learning models, such as your facial recognition system.

• Foolbox: A Python library for creating and evaluating adversarial attacks on machine learning models, including facial recognition systems.

• Metasploit: A popular penetration testing framework that can be used to exploit known vulnerabilities and test the security of your system's underlying infrastructure.

• Burp Suite: A web application security testing tool that can be used to analyze and test the security of any web-based interfaces or APIs associated with your facial recognition system.

• Nmap: A network mapping and scanning tool that can help you discover open ports, running services, and potential vulnerabilities in your facial recognition system's infrastructure.

• Wireshark: A network protocol analyzer that allows you to capture and analyze network traffic, which can be helpful for detecting and diagnosing potential security issues.

• OWASP Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP): An open-source web application security scanner that can help identify vulnerabilities in your facial recognition system's web-based interfaces or APIs.

• SQLMap: An open-source tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications, which could be relevant if your facial recognition system uses a web interface or API.

• Social-Engineer Toolkit (SET): A toolkit for simulating social engineering attacks, such as phishing or pretexting, that can be used to test your organization's susceptibility to these types of threats.

• John the Ripper: A password-cracking tool that can be used to test the strength of passwords used by your facial recognition system's administrative or user accounts.

• Nikto: An open-source web server scanner that can help you identify vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in your facial recognition system's web servers.

• Tesseract: An optical character recognition (OCR) engine that can be used to extract text from images or video feeds, which can be useful for testing the resilience of your facial recognition system against obfuscation techniques.

• DOT: dot (aka Deepfake Offensive Toolkit) makes real-time, controllable deepfakes ready for virtual cameras injection. dot is created for performing penetration testing against e.g. identity verification and video conferencing systems, for the use by security analysts, Red Team members, and biometrics researchers.

• Deepfake Detection (dfdNet): A deepfake detection framework developed by researchers at Binghamton University and Intel, which uses a fusion-based deep learning approach.

• DeepFake_Tensorflow: A repository that contains a deep learning model using TensorFlow for detecting deepfake videos.

• DeepFake-detection: A set of Python scripts to detect deepfakes in videos using the MesoNet architecture.

• FWA (Face X-Ray): A tool for detecting GAN-generated faces in images, which can be used to detect deepfake images.

• Face-Swap Detection: A Python project that uses a trained model to detect face swaps in images and videos.

• Capsule-Forensics-v2: A repository that contains a Jupyter notebook for training a Capsule Network (CapsNet) to detect manipulated images, including deepfakes.

• stargan-v2: A repository that provides a StarGAN v2 implementation, which can be used for detecting deepfake images generated by the StarGAN v2 architecture.

• XceptionNet: A repository that contains an implementation of the XceptionNet architecture for detecting deepfake images.

OSINT

Techniques

• Social Media: Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn can be rich sources of information about individuals, including their name, job title, interests, and other personal details that may be useful for facial recognition.
• Search Engines: Search engines like Google can be used to search for publicly available photos and videos of individuals that can be used for facial recognition.
• Reverse Image Search: Tools like Google Reverse Image Search or TinEye can be used to find other instances of an image online, which can help identify individuals or track down the source of an image.
• Online Image and Video Databases: There are several online image and video databases, such as Flickr or YouTube, that can be searched for public images or videos that may be relevant to your facial recognition research.
• Geo-Location Data: Social media platforms and other apps often collect geo-location data that can be used to determine an individual's whereabouts or track their movements.
• Image Metadata: Images often contain metadata, such as EXIF data, which can include information like the date, time, and location where the photo was taken.
• Dark Web Research: The dark web can be a source of information about individuals that may not be available on the public internet. However, it is important to exercise caution and use proper security protocols when accessing the dark web.

Tools

• OpenCV: An open-source computer vision and machine learning library that includes facial recognition capabilities.
• dlib: A C++ library that includes facial recognition and landmark detection capabilities.
• FaceNet: A deep learning framework for facial recognition developed by Google.
• Amazon Rekognition: A cloud-based facial recognition service that can be used to analyze images and videos.
• Microsoft Azure Face API: A cloud-based facial recognition service that can detect and recognize faces in images and videos.
• Kairos: A facial recognition platform that includes capabilities for identity verification, age and gender detection, and emotion recognition.
• PimEyes: A search engine that uses facial recognition technology to find online profiles associated with a specific person or image.
• Social Catfish: A reverse image search engine that can be used to find social media profiles associated with an image.
• Maltego: A data visualization tool that can be used for OSINT investigations, including facial recognition research.
• PeopleFindThor: A tool that can be used to search for public records and other information related to individuals, which may include images and facial recognition data.
• Shodan: A search engine that can be used to find Internet-connected devices, which may include cameras and other devices that use facial recognition technology.
• Recon-ng: A reconnaissance tool that can be used for OSINT investigations, including facial recognition research.
• SpiderFoot: A tool that can be used for OSINT investigations, including facial recognition research, by collecting data from various online sources.

Content's to Study

• https://ai.sophos.com/presentations/hacking-facial-recognition-systems/

• https://spectrum.ieee.org/facial-recognition

• https://betanews.com/2018/08/08/facial-recognition-penetration-testing/

• https://ioactive.com/facial-recognition-security-research/

• https://www.securing.pl/en/attacking-the-face-recognition-authentication-how-easy-is-to-fool-it/

• https://www.iiis.org/CDs2022/CD2022Spring/papers/ZA639OX.pdf

• https://antispoofing.org/Notable_Cases_of_Spoofing_Attacks_and_Bypassing_Liveness_Detection

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221913961_Thermal_Infrared_Face_Recognition_A_Biometric_Identification_Technique_for_Robust_Security_system

• https://www.hackers-arise.com/post/open-source-intelligence-osint-facial-recognition

• https://securitybrief.asia/story/trustwave-releases-facial-recognition-tool-pentesters

• https://www.marketwatch.com/story/facial-recognition-technology-is-one-of-the-biggest-threats-to-our-privacy-11640623526

• https://towardsdatascience.com/deepfake-to-bypass-facial-recognition-by-using-generative-adversarial-networks-gans-37a8194a87b1

• https://venturebeat.com/business/study-warns-deepfakes-can-fool-facial-recognition/

• https://cybernews.com/security/deepfakes-are-scary-good-at-bypassing-remote-identification/

• https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/22/ai_in_brief/

• https://www.finextra.com/blogposting/22795/how-i-used-deepfakes-to-bypass-security-verifications-in-a-bank

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/adversary-simulation/using-deep-fakes-to-bypass-voice-biometrics/

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_L_UFY3Bg74&ab_channel=CoreyNachreiner

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwCNG9KFdXs&ab_channel=Forbes

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf3mzi1xoIk&ab_channel=CityPrepping

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA1bfBOowkQ&ab_channel=MichaelFeyrerJr.

• https://github.com/norihiro/obs-face-tracker

• https://geminiadvisory.io/deepfakes-id-verification/

Reverse Engineering

Android

• Apktool: A tool for reverse engineering Android APK files, which can be used to decompile and analyze the code, as well as modify the resources in the APK file.
• dex2jar: A tool for converting Android DEX files to JAR files, which can be used to analyze the bytecode of Android apps.
• JADX: A decompiler for Android APK files, which can be used to recover Java source code from compiled Android apps.
• AndroGuard: A tool for analyzing and reverse engineering Android APK files, which can be used to examine the bytecode, resources, and manifest files of Android apps.
• Frida: A dynamic instrumentation tool for Android that can be used to intercept and modify the behavior of Android apps.

iOS

• Hopper Disassembler: A tool for disassembling and decompiling iOS apps, which can be used to analyze the code and resources of iOS apps.
• class-dump: A tool for analyzing the Objective-C runtime information in iOS apps, which can be used to recover the class and method information from iOS apps.
• IDA Pro: A disassembler and debugger for iOS apps, which can be used to analyze the code and resources of iOS apps.
• Cycript: A dynamic scripting language for iOS that can be used to manipulate the behavior of iOS apps at runtime.
• iRET: An iOS Reverse Engineering Toolkit that includes tools for analyzing the binary, file system, and network traffic of iOS apps.

File Upload Testing

Techniques

• File size limit: Verify that there is an appropriate file size limit in place to prevent large file uploads that could potentially exhaust server resources.
• File type restrictions: Ensure that only allowed file types can be uploaded, and test with disallowed file types to confirm the restrictions are working.
• MIME type validation: Check that the MIME type of uploaded files is being validated and that the system rejects files with incorrect MIME types.
• Filename validation: Test that the system filters and sanitizes filenames to avoid malicious filenames (e.g., "../", ".htaccess") that could lead to security vulnerabilities.
• Malware scanning: Scan uploaded files for malware or viruses using an up-to-date antivirus solution.
• Duplicate file names: Test how the system handles duplicate file names, ensuring that it doesn't overwrite existing files or create security vulnerabilities.
• Upload directory: Verify that the upload directory is secured and not accessible for unauthorized users.
• Permissions: Ensure that proper file and folder permissions are set to prevent unauthorized access, modification, or deletion of uploaded files.
• User authentication: Test if file uploads require proper user authentication and that unauthorized users cannot upload files.
• Image validation: If uploading images, test for potential vulnerabilities related to image processing libraries (e.g., buffer overflows, code injection).
• File content validation: Ensure that the content of the files is validated and doesn't contain malicious code or scripts.
• Maximum file uploads: Test the maximum number of simultaneous file uploads to ensure the system can handle the load without crashing or compromising security.
• Timeouts: Test the system for handling long uploads and confirm that it has appropriate timeouts in place.
• Rate limiting: Verify that the system has rate limiting in place to prevent abuse and denial of service (DoS) attacks.
• Error handling: Test the system's error handling capabilities to ensure that it doesn't leak sensitive information or create security vulnerabilities.
• Cross-site scripting (XSS): Test for potential XSS vulnerabilities related to file uploads, such as the inclusion of malicious scripts within file metadata.
• Path traversal: Test for path traversal vulnerabilities by attempting to upload files with directory traversal characters (e.g., "../") in the file name.
• SQL injection: Test for potential SQL injection vulnerabilities related to file uploads, such as manipulating metadata to include malicious SQL queries.
• Access control: Verify that proper access controls are in place for viewing, editing, or deleting uploaded files.
• Logging and monitoring: Ensure that the system logs and monitors all file upload activities for potential security threats and suspicious behavior.