Data from "Datamodels: Predicting Predictions with Training Data"

Here we provide the data used in the paper "Datamodels: Predicting Predictions with Training Data" (arXiv, Blog).

Looking for the code to make your own datamodels? It's now been released here!

Note that all of the data below is stored on Amazon S3 using the “requester pays” option to avoid a blowup in our data transfer costs (we put estimated AWS costs below)---if you are on a budget and do not mind waiting a bit longer, please contact us at datamodels@mit.edu and we can try to arrange a free (but slower) transfer.

Citation

To cite this data, please use the following BibTeX entry:

@inproceedings{ilyas2022datamodels,
  title = {Datamodels: Predicting Predictions from Training Data},
  author = {Andrew Ilyas and Sung Min Park and Logan Engstrom and Guillaume Leclerc and Aleksander Madry},
  booktitle = {ArXiv preprint arXiv:2202.00622},
  year = {2022}
}

Overview

We provide the data used in our paper to analyze two image classification datasets: CIFAR-10 and (a modified version of) FMoW.

For each dataset, the data consists of two parts:

1. Training data for datamodeling, which consists of:
   • Training subsets or "training masks", which are the independent variables of the regression tasks; and
   • Model outputs (correct-class margins and logits), which are the dependent variables of the regression tasks.
2. Datamodels estimated from this data using LASSO.

For each dataset, there are multiple versions of the data depending on the choice of the hyperparameter α, the subsampling fraction (this is the random fraction of training examples on which each model is trained; see Section 2 of our paper for more information).

Following table shows the number of models we trained and used for estimating datamodels (also see Table 1 in paper):

Subsampling α (%)	CIFAR-10	FMoW
10	1,500,000	N/A
20	750,000	375,000
50	300,000	150,000
75	600,000	300,000

Training data

For each dataset and $\alpha$, we provide the following data:

# M is the number of models trained
/{DATASET}/data/train_masks_{PCT}pct.npy  # [M x N_train] boolean
/{DATASET}/data/test_margins_{PCT}pct.npy # [M x N_test] np.float16
/{DATASET}/data/train_margins_{PCT}pct.npy # [M x N_train] np.float16

(The files live in the Amazon S3 bucket madrylab-datamodels; we provide instructions for acces in the next section.)

Each row of the above matrices corresponds to one instance of model trained; each column corresponds to a training or test example. CIFAR-10 examples are organized in the default order; for FMoW, see here. For example, a train mask for CIFAR-10 has the shape [M x 50,000].

For CIFAR-10, we also provide the full logits for all ten classes:

/cifar/data/train_logits_{PCT}pct.npy  # [M x N_test x 10] np.float16
/cifar/data/test_logits_{PCT}pct.npy   # [M x N_test x 10] np.float16

Note that you can also compute the margins from these logits.

We include an addtional 10,000 models for each setting that we used for evaluation; the total number of models in each matrix is M as indicated in the above table plus 10,000.

Datamodels

All estimated datamodels for each split (train or test) are provided as a dictionary in a .pt file (load with torch.load):

/{DATASET}/datamodels/train_{PCT}pct.pt
/{DATASET}/datamodels/test_{PCT}pct.pt

Each dictionary contains:

• weight: matrix of shape N_train x N, where N is either N_train or N_test depending on the group of target examples
• bias: vector of length N, corresponding to biases for each datamodel
• lam: vector of length N, regularization λ chosen by CV for each datamodel

Downloading

We make all of our data available via Amazon S3. Total sizes of the training data files are as follows:

Dataset, α (%)	masks, margins (GB)	logits (GB)
CIFAR-10, 10	245	1688
CIFAR-10, 20	123	849
CIFAR-10, 50	49	346
CIFAR-10, 75	98	682
FMoW, 20	25.4	-
FMoW, 50	10.6	-
FMoW, 75	21.2	-

Total sizes of datamodels data (the model weights) are 16.9 GB for CIFAR-10 and 0.75 GB for FMoW.

Setting up AWS

1. Make an AWS account
2. Download the AWS CLI
3. Run aws configure and add the Access key ID (you can get these by clicking on your account on top right corner -> Security credentials)

API

You can download them using the Amazon S3 CLI interface with the requester pays option as follows (replacing the fields {...} as appropriate):

aws s3api get-object --bucket madrylab-datamodels \
                     --key {DATASET}/data/{SPLIT}_{DATA_TYPE}_{PCT}.npy \
                     --request-payer requester \
                     [OUT_FILE]

For example, to retrieve the test set margins for CIFAR-10 models trained on 50% subsets, use:

aws s3api get-object --bucket madrylab-datamodels \
                     --key cifar/data/test_margins_50pct.npy \
                     --request-payer requester \
                     test_margins_50pct.npy

Pricing

The total data transfer fee (from AWS to internet) for all of the data is around $374 (= 4155 GB x 0.09 USD per GB).

If you only download everything except for the logits (which is sufficient to reproduce all of our analysis), the fee is around $53.

Loading data

The data matrices are in numpy array format (.npy). As some of these are quite large, you can read small segments without reading the entire file into memory by additionally specifying the mmap_mode argument in np.load:

X = np.load('train_masks_10pct.npy', mmap_mode='r')
Y = np.load('test_margins_10pct.npy', mmap_mode='r')
...
# Use segments, e.g, X[:100], as appropriate
# Run regress(X, Y[:]) using choice of estimation algorithm.

FMoW data

We use a customized version of the FMoW dataset from WILDS (derived from this original dataset) that restricts the year of the training set to 2012. Our code is adapted from here.

To use the dataset, first download WILDS using:

pip install wilds

(see here for more detailed instructions).

In our paper, we only use the in-distribution training and test splits in our analysis (the original version from WILDS also has out-of-distribution as well as validation splits). Our dataset splits can be constructed as follows and used like a PyTorch dataset:

from fmow import FMoWDataset

ds = FMoWDataset(root_dir='/mnt/nfs/datasets/wilds/',
                     split_scheme='time_after_2016')

transform_steps = [
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
    ]
transform = transforms.Compose(transform_steps)

ds_train = ds.get_subset('train', transform=transform)
ds_test = ds.get_subset('id_test', transform=transform)

The columns of matrix data described above is ordered according to the default ordering of examples given by the above constructors.