diff --git a/src/somesy/cli/init.py b/src/somesy/cli/init.py
index 872d40ea..39a4a758 100644
--- a/src/somesy/cli/init.py
+++ b/src/somesy/cli/init.py
@@ -26,39 +26,29 @@ def config():
     input_file = Path(input_file)
     options = {
         "input_file": input_file,
-        "no_sync_cff": not typer.confirm(
-            "Do you want to sync to a CFF file?", default=True
-        ),
+        "no_sync_cff": not typer.confirm("Do you want to sync to a CFF file?", default=True),
     }
     cff_file = typer.prompt("CFF file path", default="CITATION.cff")
     if cff_file is not None or cff_file != "":
         options["cff_file"] = cff_file
 
-    options["no_sync_pyproject"] = not typer.confirm(
-        "Do you want to sync to a pyproject.toml file?", default=True
-    )
+    options["no_sync_pyproject"] = not typer.confirm("Do you want to sync to a pyproject.toml file?", default=True)
 
     pyproject_file = typer.prompt("pyproject.toml file path", default="pyproject.toml")
     if pyproject_file is not None or pyproject_file != "":
         options["pyproject_file"] = pyproject_file
 
-    options["sync_package_json"] = typer.confirm(
-        "Do you want to sync to a package.json file?", default=False
-    )
+    options["sync_package_json"] = typer.confirm("Do you want to sync to a package.json file?", default=False)
     package_json_file = typer.prompt("package.json file path", default="package.json")
     if package_json_file is not None or package_json_file != "":
         options["package_json_file"] = package_json_file
 
-    options["no_sync_codemeta"] = not typer.confirm(
-        "Do you want to sync to a codemeta.json file?", default=True
-    )
+    options["no_sync_codemeta"] = not typer.confirm("Do you want to sync to a codemeta.json file?", default=True)
     codemeta_file = typer.prompt("codemeta.json file path", default="codemeta.json")
     if codemeta_file is not None or codemeta_file != "":
         options["codemeta_file"] = codemeta_file
 
-    options["show_info"] = typer.confirm(
-        "Do you want to show info about the sync process?"
-    )
+    options["show_info"] = typer.confirm("Do you want to show info about the sync process?")
     options["verbose"] = typer.confirm("Do you want to show verbose logs?")
     options["debug"] = typer.confirm("Do you want to show debug logs?")
 
@@ -73,6 +63,4 @@ def config():
     logger.debug(f"CLI options entered: {options}")
 
     init_config(input_file, options)
-    logger.info(
-        f"[bold green]Input file is updated/created at {input_file}[/bold green]"
-    )
+    logger.info(f"[bold green]Input file is updated/created at {input_file}[/bold green]")
diff --git a/src/somesy/cli/sync.py b/src/somesy/cli/sync.py
index 112bfa39..9df7b464 100644
--- a/src/somesy/cli/sync.py
+++ b/src/somesy/cli/sync.py
@@ -123,19 +123,13 @@ def run_sync(somesy_input: SomesyInput):
     logger.info("[bold green]Synchronizing project metadata...[/bold green]")
     logger.info("Files to sync:")
     if not conf.no_sync_pyproject:
-        logger.info(
-            f"  - [italic]pyproject.toml[/italic]:\t[grey]{conf.pyproject_file}[/grey]"
-        )
+        logger.info(f"  - [italic]pyproject.toml[/italic]:\t[grey]{conf.pyproject_file}[/grey]")
     if not conf.no_sync_package_json:
-        logger.info(
-            f"  - [italic]package.json[/italic]:\t[grey]{conf.package_json_file}[/grey]"
-        )
+        logger.info(f"  - [italic]package.json[/italic]:\t[grey]{conf.package_json_file}[/grey]")
     if not conf.no_sync_cff:
         logger.info(f"  - [italic]CITATION.cff[/italic]:\t[grey]{conf.cff_file}[/grey]")
     if not conf.no_sync_codemeta:
-        logger.info(
-            f"  - [italic]codemeta.json[/italic]:\t[grey]{conf.codemeta_file}[/grey]\n"
-        )
+        logger.info(f"  - [italic]codemeta.json[/italic]:\t[grey]{conf.codemeta_file}[/grey]\n")
     # ----
     sync_command(somesy_input)
     # ----
diff --git a/src/somesy/core/types.py b/src/somesy/core/types.py
index c500b6d4..6b94ce7a 100644
--- a/src/somesy/core/types.py
+++ b/src/somesy/core/types.py
@@ -519,7 +519,11 @@ class ContributionTypeEnum(MyEnum):
 
 
 class Country(MyEnum):
-    """Country codes from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 . It is used for the country of a person in project metadata."""
+    """
+    Country codes from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2.
+
+    It is used for the country of a person in project metadata.
+    """
 
     AD = "AD"
     AE = "AE"
diff --git a/src/somesy/main.py b/src/somesy/main.py
index 829d66b8..cc5db03d 100644
--- a/src/somesy/main.py
+++ b/src/somesy/main.py
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ def version(value: bool):
 @app.callback()
 def common(
     ctx: typer.Context,
-    version: bool = typer.Option(
-        None, "--version", help=version.__doc__, callback=version
-    ),
+    version: bool = typer.Option(None, "--version", help=version.__doc__, callback=version),
     show_info: bool = typer.Option(
         None,
         "--info",
@@ -50,18 +48,14 @@ def common(
     init_log()
 
     if sum(map(int, map(bool, [show_info, verbose, debug]))) > 1:
-        typer.echo(
-            "Only one of --info, --verbose or --debug may be set!", file=sys.stderr
-        )
+        typer.echo("Only one of --info, --verbose or --debug may be set!", file=sys.stderr)
         raise typer.Exit(1)
 
     if show_info or verbose or debug:
         # NOTE: only explicitly setting log level if a flag is passed,
         # in order to distinguish from using the "default log level"
         # (needed to check if the user did override the log level as a CLI flag)
-        set_log_level(
-            SomesyLogLevel.from_flags(info=show_info, verbose=verbose, debug=debug)
-        )
+        set_log_level(SomesyLogLevel.from_flags(info=show_info, verbose=verbose, debug=debug))
 
 
 # add subcommands
diff --git a/src/somesy/package_json/models.py b/src/somesy/package_json/models.py
index a2c6c8d2..94c20d6e 100644
--- a/src/somesy/package_json/models.py
+++ b/src/somesy/package_json/models.py
@@ -13,9 +13,7 @@ class PackageAuthor(BaseModel):
 
     name: Annotated[Optional[str], Field(description="Author name")]
     email: Annotated[Optional[EmailStr], Field(description="Author email")]
-    url: Annotated[
-        Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Author website or orcid page")
-    ]
+    url: Annotated[Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Author website or orcid page")]
 
 
 class PackageRepository(BaseModel):
@@ -34,7 +32,7 @@ class PackageLicense(BaseModel):
 
 NPM_PKG_AUTHOR = r"^(.*?)\s*(?:<([^>]+)>)?\s*(?:\(([^)]+)\))?$"
 NPM_PKG_NAME = r"^(@[a-z0-9-~][a-z0-9-._~]*\/)?[a-z0-9-~][a-z0-9-._~]*$"
-NPM_PKG_VERSION = r"^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*)?(?:\+([0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?$"
+NPM_PKG_VERSION = r"^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*)?(?:\+([0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?$"  # noqa: E501
 
 
 class PackageJsonConfig(BaseModel):
@@ -45,9 +43,7 @@ class PackageJsonConfig(BaseModel):
     name: Annotated[str, Field(description="Package name")]
     version: Annotated[str, Field(description="Package version")]
     description: Annotated[Optional[str], Field(description="Package description")]
-    author: Annotated[
-        Optional[Union[str, PackageAuthor]], Field(description="Package author")
-    ]
+    author: Annotated[Optional[Union[str, PackageAuthor]], Field(description="Package author")]
     maintainers: Annotated[
         Optional[List[Union[str, PackageAuthor]]],
         Field(description="Package maintainers"),
@@ -56,18 +52,10 @@ class PackageJsonConfig(BaseModel):
         Optional[List[Union[str, PackageAuthor]]],
         Field(description="Package contributors"),
     ] = None
-    license: Annotated[
-        Optional[Union[str, PackageLicense]], Field(description="Package license")
-    ]
-    repository: Annotated[
-        Optional[Union[PackageRepository, str]], Field(description="Package repository")
-    ]
-    homepage: Annotated[
-        Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Package homepage")
-    ] = None
-    keywords: Annotated[
-        Optional[List[str]], Field(description="Keywords that describe the package")
-    ] = None
+    license: Annotated[Optional[Union[str, PackageLicense]], Field(description="Package license")]
+    repository: Annotated[Optional[Union[PackageRepository, str]], Field(description="Package repository")]
+    homepage: Annotated[Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Package homepage")] = None
+    keywords: Annotated[Optional[List[str]], Field(description="Keywords that describe the package")] = None
 
     # convert package author to dict if it is a string
     @classmethod
diff --git a/src/somesy/pyproject/models.py b/src/somesy/pyproject/models.py
index 3d50c904..9b7f5891 100644
--- a/src/somesy/pyproject/models.py
+++ b/src/somesy/pyproject/models.py
@@ -42,30 +42,14 @@ class PoetryConfig(BaseModel):
         Field(description="An SPDX license identifier."),
     ]
     authors: Annotated[Set[str], Field(description="Package authors")]
-    maintainers: Annotated[
-        Optional[Set[str]], Field(description="Package maintainers")
-    ] = None
-    readme: Annotated[
-        Optional[Union[Path, List[Path]]], Field(description="Package readme file(s)")
-    ] = None
-    homepage: Annotated[
-        Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Package homepage")
-    ] = None
-    repository: Annotated[
-        Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Package repository")
-    ] = None
-    documentation: Annotated[
-        Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Package documentation page")
-    ] = None
-    keywords: Annotated[
-        Optional[Set[str]], Field(description="Keywords that describe the package")
-    ] = None
-    classifiers: Annotated[
-        Optional[List[str]], Field(description="pypi classifiers")
-    ] = None
-    urls: Annotated[
-        Optional[Dict[str, HttpUrlStr]], Field(description="Package URLs")
-    ] = None
+    maintainers: Annotated[Optional[Set[str]], Field(description="Package maintainers")] = None
+    readme: Annotated[Optional[Union[Path, List[Path]]], Field(description="Package readme file(s)")] = None
+    homepage: Annotated[Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Package homepage")] = None
+    repository: Annotated[Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Package repository")] = None
+    documentation: Annotated[Optional[HttpUrlStr], Field(description="Package documentation page")] = None
+    keywords: Annotated[Optional[Set[str]], Field(description="Keywords that describe the package")] = None
+    classifiers: Annotated[Optional[List[str]], Field(description="pypi classifiers")] = None
+    urls: Annotated[Optional[Dict[str, HttpUrlStr]], Field(description="Package URLs")] = None
 
     @field_validator("version")
     @classmethod
@@ -73,8 +57,8 @@ def validate_version(cls, v):
         """Validate version using PEP 440."""
         try:
             _ = parse_version(v)
-        except ValueError:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid version")
+        except ValueError as err:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid version") from err
         return v
 
     @field_validator("authors", "maintainers")
@@ -156,14 +140,10 @@ class SetuptoolsConfig(BaseModel):
     model_config = dict(use_enum_values=True)
 
     name: Annotated[str, Field(pattern=r"^[A-Za-z0-9]+([_-][A-Za-z0-9]+)*$")]
-    version: Annotated[
-        str, Field(pattern=r"^\d+(\.\d+)*((a|b|rc)\d+)?(post\d+)?(dev\d+)?$")
-    ]
+    version: Annotated[str, Field(pattern=r"^\d+(\.\d+)*((a|b|rc)\d+)?(post\d+)?(dev\d+)?$")]
     description: str
     readme: Optional[Union[Path, List[Path], File]] = None
-    license: Optional[Union[LicenseEnum, List[LicenseEnum]]] = Field(
-        None, description="An SPDX license identifier."
-    )
+    license: Optional[Union[LicenseEnum, List[LicenseEnum]]] = Field(None, description="An SPDX license identifier.")
     authors: Optional[List[STPerson]] = None
     maintainers: Optional[List[STPerson]] = None
     keywords: Optional[Set[str]] = None
@@ -176,8 +156,8 @@ def validate_version(cls, v):
         """Validate version using PEP 440."""
         try:
             _ = parse_version(v)
-        except ValueError:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid version")
+        except ValueError as err:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid version") from err
         return v
 
     @field_validator("readme")
diff --git a/tests/input/test_core_core.py b/tests/input/test_core_core.py
index 150c7982..1355bf07 100644
--- a/tests/input/test_core_core.py
+++ b/tests/input/test_core_core.py
@@ -68,15 +68,10 @@ def test_somesy_input(somesy_input):
     assert isinstance(somesy_input.project, ProjectMetadata)
     assert somesy_input.project.name == "testproject"
     assert somesy_input.project.version == "1.0.0"
-    assert (
-        somesy_input.project.description
-        == "This is a test project for demonstration purposes."
-    )
+    assert somesy_input.project.description == "This is a test project for demonstration purposes."
     assert somesy_input.project.keywords == ["test", "demo", "example"]
     assert somesy_input.project.license == LicenseEnum.MIT
-    assert (
-        str(somesy_input.project.repository) == "https://github.com/example/testproject"
-    )
+    assert str(somesy_input.project.repository) == "https://github.com/example/testproject"
     assert str(somesy_input.project.homepage) == "https://example.com/testproject"
     assert len(somesy_input.project.people) == 3
     authors = somesy_input.project.authors()
@@ -85,10 +80,7 @@ def test_somesy_input(somesy_input):
     assert authors[0].email == "john.doe@example.com"
     assert str(authors[0].orcid) == "https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000"
     assert authors[0].contribution == "The main developer, maintainer, and tester."
-    assert (
-        authors[0].contribution_begin
-        == datetime.strptime("2023-01-15", "%Y-%m-%d").date()
-    )
+    assert authors[0].contribution_begin == datetime.strptime("2023-01-15", "%Y-%m-%d").date()
     assert authors[0].contribution_types == [
         ContributionTypeEnum.maintenance,
         ContributionTypeEnum.code,
diff --git a/tests/input/test_pyproject_validate.py b/tests/input/test_pyproject_validate.py
index b2609324..03420fad 100644
--- a/tests/input/test_pyproject_validate.py
+++ b/tests/input/test_pyproject_validate.py
@@ -14,11 +14,7 @@ def test_poetry_validate(tmp_path):
     """Test validating a pyproject file in both poetry and setuptools formats."""
 
     # create a pyproject file in poetry format but with a invalid values
-    reject_poetry_object = {
-        "tool": {
-            "poetry": {"name": "somesy", "version": "abc", "authors": ["John Doe <"]}
-        }
-    }
+    reject_poetry_object = {"tool": {"poetry": {"name": "somesy", "version": "abc", "authors": ["John Doe <"]}}}
     invalid_poetry_path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
     with open(invalid_poetry_path, "w+") as f:
         dump(reject_poetry_object, f)
@@ -27,9 +23,7 @@ def test_poetry_validate(tmp_path):
         Pyproject(invalid_poetry_path)
 
     # create a pyproject file in setuptools format but with a invalid values
-    reject_setuptools_object = {
-        "project": {"name": "somesy", "version": "abc", "authors": ["John Doe <"]}
-    }
+    reject_setuptools_object = {"project": {"name": "somesy", "version": "abc", "authors": ["John Doe <"]}}
     with open(invalid_poetry_path, "w+") as f:
         dump(reject_setuptools_object, f)
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
diff --git a/tests/output/test_cff_writer.py b/tests/output/test_cff_writer.py
index cdaf97ba..88459c82 100644
--- a/tests/output/test_cff_writer.py
+++ b/tests/output/test_cff_writer.py
@@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ def to_cff_keys(lst):
     assert list(dct["authors"][0].keys()) == to_cff_keys(person._key_order)
 
     # jane becomes john -> modified person
-    person1b = person.model_copy(
-        update={"given_names": "John", "author": True, "publication_author": True}
-    )
+    person1b = person.model_copy(update={"given_names": "John", "author": True, "publication_author": True})
 
     # different Jane Doe with different orcid -> new person
     person2 = person.model_copy(
@@ -91,12 +89,8 @@ def to_cff_keys(lst):
     cff.save()
 
     # existing author order preserved
-    assert cff.authors[0] == person1b.model_dump(
-        by_alias=True, exclude={"author", "publication_author"}
-    )
-    assert cff.authors[1] == person2.model_dump(
-        by_alias=True, exclude={"author", "publication_author"}
-    )
+    assert cff.authors[0] == person1b.model_dump(by_alias=True, exclude={"author", "publication_author"})
+    assert cff.authors[1] == person2.model_dump(by_alias=True, exclude={"author", "publication_author"})
     # existing author field order preserved
     dct = cff._yaml.load(open(cff_path, "r"))
     assert list(dct["authors"][0].keys()) == to_cff_keys(person1b._key_order)
@@ -126,11 +120,7 @@ def to_cff_keys(lst):
 
     assert len(cff.authors) == 2
     assert len(cff.maintainers) == 1
-    assert cff.authors[0] == person1c.model_dump(
-        by_alias=True, exclude={"author", "publication_author"}
-    )
-    assert cff.authors[1] == person3.model_dump(
-        by_alias=True, exclude={"author", "publication_author"}
-    )
+    assert cff.authors[0] == person1c.model_dump(by_alias=True, exclude={"author", "publication_author"})
+    assert cff.authors[1] == person3.model_dump(by_alias=True, exclude={"author", "publication_author"})
     dct = cff._yaml.load(open(cff_path, "r"))
     assert list(dct["authors"][0].keys()) == to_cff_keys(person1c._key_order)
diff --git a/tests/output/test_package_json_writer.py b/tests/output/test_package_json_writer.py
index 5b3eeb37..468bb5fe 100644
--- a/tests/output/test_package_json_writer.py
+++ b/tests/output/test_package_json_writer.py
@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ def package_json_file(create_files, file_types):
 
 def test_content_match(package_json: PackageJSON):
     assert package_json.name == "test-package"
-    assert (
-        package_json.description == "This is a test package for demonstration purposes."
-    )
+    assert package_json.description == "This is a test package for demonstration purposes."
     assert package_json.license == "MIT"
     assert len(package_json.authors) == 1
 
@@ -63,9 +61,7 @@ def test_person_merge(package_json_file, person: Person):
     pj.save()
 
     # jane becomes john -> modified person
-    person1b = person.model_copy(
-        update={"given_names": "John", "author": True, "publication_author": True}
-    )
+    person1b = person.model_copy(update={"given_names": "John", "author": True, "publication_author": True})
 
     # different Jane Doe with different orcid -> new person
     person2 = person.model_copy(
diff --git a/tests/output/test_pyproject_writer.py b/tests/output/test_pyproject_writer.py
index 1e049e5f..17ec36bf 100644
--- a/tests/output/test_pyproject_writer.py
+++ b/tests/output/test_pyproject_writer.py
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ def test_content_match(pyproject_poetry, pyproject_setuptools):
     # create a function to check both file formats
     def assert_content_match(pyproject_file):
         assert pyproject_file.name == "test-package"
-        assert (
-            pyproject_file.description
-            == "This is a test package for demonstration purposes."
-        )
+        assert pyproject_file.description == "This is a test package for demonstration purposes."
         assert pyproject_file.license == "MIT"
         assert len(pyproject_file.authors) == 1
 
@@ -107,9 +104,7 @@ def test_person_merge_pyproject(request, writer_class, writer_file_fixture, pers
     # ----
 
     # jane becomes john -> modified person
-    person1b = person.model_copy(
-        update={"given_names": "John", "author": True, "publication_author": True}
-    )
+    person1b = person.model_copy(update={"given_names": "John", "author": True, "publication_author": True})
 
     # different Jane Doe with different orcid -> new person
     person2 = person.model_copy(
diff --git a/tests/processing/test_core_models.py b/tests/processing/test_core_models.py
index 857b9740..b02a2117 100644
--- a/tests/processing/test_core_models.py
+++ b/tests/processing/test_core_models.py
@@ -91,9 +91,7 @@ def test_custom_key_order():
     # correct subsequence of order
     expected_order = ["given_names", "family_names", "email"]
     assert list(p.model_dump(exclude_none=True).keys()) == expected_order
-    assert (
-        list(json.loads(p.model_dump_json(exclude_none=True)).keys()) == expected_order
-    )
+    assert list(json.loads(p.model_dump_json(exclude_none=True)).keys()) == expected_order
 
     # added field appears in right spot
     p.orcid = "https://orcid.org/1234-5678-9101"
@@ -104,9 +102,7 @@ def test_custom_key_order():
     p.affiliation = "Some institution"
     expected_order = p._key_order + ["affiliation"]
     assert list(p.model_dump(exclude_none=True).keys()) == expected_order
-    assert (
-        list(json.loads(p.model_dump_json(exclude_none=True)).keys()) == expected_order
-    )
+    assert list(json.loads(p.model_dump_json(exclude_none=True)).keys()) == expected_order
 
     # key order also preserved by copy
     assert p.model_copy()._key_order == p._key_order