GSL Lite: Guidelines Support Library for C++98, C++11 up

GSL Lite is based on the Microsoft Guidelines Support Library (GSL).

Contents

• Example usage
• In a nutshell
• License
• Dependencies
• Installation and use
• Synopsis
• Features
• Deprecation
• Reported to work with
• Building the tests
• Other GSL implementations
• Notes and references
• Appendix

Example usage

#include "gsl/gsl-lite.hpp"

using namespace gsl;

int * use( not_null<int *> p ) 
{
    // use p knowing it's not nullptr, NULL or 0.
    
    return p;
}

struct Widget
{
    Widget() : owned_ptr( new int(42) ) {}
    ~Widget() { delete owned_ptr; }

    void work() { non_owned_ptr = use( owned_ptr ); }
    
    owner<int *> owned_ptr;	// if alias template support
//  Owner(int *) owned_ptr;	// C++98 up
    int * non_owned_ptr;
};

int main()
{
    Widget w;
    w.work();
}

Compile and run

prompt>g++ -std=c++03 -Wall -I../include -o 01-basic.exe 01-basic.cpp && 01-basic.exe

In a nutshell

gsl-lite is a single-file header-only variant of Microsoft's implementation of the Guidelines Support Library (GSL) adapted for C++98, C++03. It should also work when compiled as C++11, C++14, C++17.

The Guidelines Support Library (GSL) contains functions and types that are suggested for use by the C++ Core Guidelines maintained by the Standard C++ Foundation. The library includes types like owner<>, not_null<>, span<>, string_span and others.

gsl-lite recognizes when it is compiled for the CUDA platform and decorates functions (methods) with __host__ and __device__. See also section API macro.

License

gsl-lite uses the MIT license.

Dependencies

gsl-lite has no other dependencies than the C++ standard library.

Installation and use

gsl-lite is a single-file header-only library. There are various ways to use it in your project.

Contents

• As copied header
• As external Git project
• As CMake package
• As Conan package
• As Conda package

As copied header

Put a copy of gsl-lite.hpp located in folder include/gsl directly into the project source tree or somewhere reachable from your project, for example in project-root/include/gsl. If you like to refer to gsl-lite as gsl, also copy the file gsl. A minimal CMake setup using this header might look as follows.

In project root folder:

cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR )

project( use-gsl-lite LANGUAGES CXX )

# Provide #include access to gsl-lite as 'gsl/gsl' and as 'gsl/gsl-lite.hpp': 

set( GSL_LITE_INCLUDE_DIR include )  # adapt as necessary
add_library( gsl INTERFACE )
target_include_directories( gsl INTERFACE ${GSL_LITE_INCLUDE_DIR} )

# Build program from src:

add_subdirectory( src ) 

In folder src:

cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR )

project( program-using-gsl-lite LANGUAGES CXX )

# Make program executable:

set( SOURCES main.cpp)
add_executable( program ${SOURCES} )
target_link_libraries( program PRIVATE gsl )

As external Git project

Another approach is to automatically fetch the entire gsl-lite repository from github and configure it as an external project.

cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR )

project( use-gsl-lite LANGUAGES CXX )

# Set default ExternalProject root directory and add gsl-lite:

set( GSL_LITE_URL https://github.com/martinmoene/gsl-lite.git )

include( ExternalProject )
find_package( Git REQUIRED )

set_directory_properties( PROPERTIES EP_PREFIX ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/3rd_party )

ExternalProject_Add(
    gsl-extern
    GIT_REPOSITORY ${GSL_LITE_URL}
    TIMEOUT 10
    UPDATE_COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} pull
    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
    BUILD_COMMAND ""
    INSTALL_COMMAND ""
    LOG_DOWNLOAD ON
   )

# Provide #include access to gsl-lite as 'gsl/gsl' and as 'gsl/gsl-lite.hpp': 

ExternalProject_Get_Property( gsl-extern SOURCE_DIR )
set( GSL_LITE_INCLUDE_DIR ${SOURCE_DIR}/include CACHE INTERNAL "Include folder for gsl-lite")

add_library( gsl INTERFACE )
target_include_directories( gsl INTERFACE ${GSL_LITE_INCLUDE_DIR} )

# Build program from src:

add_subdirectory( src ) 

In folder src:

cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR )

project( program-using-gsl-lite LANGUAGES CXX )

# Make program executable:

set( SOURCES main.cpp)
add_executable( program ${SOURCES} )
target_link_libraries( program PRIVATE gsl )

This setup brings in more than you need, but also makes it easy to update gsl-lite to the latest version. See example/cmake-extern for a complete example.

As CMake package

1. First install the gsl-lite CMake package from its source, for example:

    cd ./gsl-lite
    cmake -H. -B../_build -G"Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="~/dev"
    cmake --build ../_build --target install
   

   See also script/install-gsl-pkg.py that can perform these steps for you. It also lets you control compiler and build configuration.

2. Next, you can use the gsl-lite CMake package, for example:

   cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR )
   
   find_package( gsl-lite "0.33" REQUIRED )
   
   project( program-using-gsl-lite LANGUAGES CXX )
   
   add_executable(        program main.cpp )
   target_link_libraries( program PRIVATE gsl::gsl-lite )

   Configure and build:

    cd ./gsl-lite/example/cmake-pkg
    cmake -H. -B../_build -G"Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=_stage -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="~/dev"
    cmake --build ../_build
   

   See example/cmake-pkg/Readme.md for a complete example.

As Conan package

For the conan package manager, follow these steps:

1. Add nonstd-lite to the conan remotes:

    conan remote add nonstd-lite https://api.bintray.com/conan/martinmoene/nonstd-lite
   

2. Add a reference to gsl-lite to the requires section of your project's conanfile.txt file:

    [requires]
    gsl-lite/0.34.0@nonstd-lite/stable
   

3. Run conan's install command:

    conan install
   

As Conda package

1. For the conda package manager, first use one of these options to install gsl-lite from the conda-forge channel:

• Install it in the current environment:

   conda install -c conda-forge gsl-lite
  

• Install it in a different environment (named env_name in this example):

   conda install -n env_name -c conda-forge gsl-lite
  

• Create a new environment containing gsl-lite (and possibly other packages, appended at the end of the command):

   conda create -n env_name -c conda-forge gsl-lite cmake
  

• Add it to an already existing environment.yml file, and update the environment using:

   conda env update
  

2. Then activate the environment using conda activate env_name (if not already activated) and proceed using the instructions from step 2 of "As CMake package". Note that it's also useful to have the cmake package in the same environment, and explicitly passing -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX is not necessary.

Synopsis

Contents

• API macro
• Standard selection macro
• Feature selection macros
• Contract violation response macros
• Microsoft GSL compatibility macros
• Other configuration macros

API macro

-Dgsl_api=""
Functions (methods) are decorated with gsl_api. At default gsl_api is defined empty for non-CUDA platforms and __host__ __device__ for the CUDA platform. Define this macro to specify your own function decoration.

Standard selection macro

-Dgsl_CPLUSPLUS=199711L
Define this macro to override the auto-detection of the supported C++ standard, if your compiler does not set the __cplusplus macro correctly.

Feature selection macros

-Dgsl_FEATURE_WITH_CONTAINER_TO_STD=99
Define this to the highest C++ standard (98, 3, 11, 14, 17, 20) you want to include tagged-construction via with_container. Default is 99 for inclusion with any standard.

-Dgsl_FEATURE_MAKE_SPAN_TO_STD=99
Define this to the highest C++ standard (98, 3, 11, 14, 17, 20) you want to include make_span() creator functions. Default is 99 for inclusion with any standard.

-Dgsl_FEATURE_BYTE_SPAN_TO_STD=99
Define this to the highest C++ standard (98, 3, 11, 14, 17, 20) you want to include byte_span() creator functions. Default is 99 for inclusion with any standard.

-Dgsl_FEATURE_IMPLICIT_MACRO=0
Define this macro to 1 to provide the implicit macro. Default is 0.

-Dgsl_FEATURE_OWNER_MACRO=1
At default macro Owner() is defined for all C++ versions. This may be useful to transition from a compiler that doesn't provide alias templates to one that does. Define this macro to 0 to omit the Owner() macro. Default is 1.

-Dgsl_FEATURE_EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD=0
Provide experimental types final_action_return and final_action_error and convenience functions on_return() and on_error(). Default is 0.

Contract violation response macros

gsl-lite provides contract violation response control as suggested in proposal N4415.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_ON
Define this macro to include both Expects and Ensures in the code. This is the default case.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_OFF
Define this macro to exclude both Expects and Ensures from the code.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_EXPECTS_ONLY
Define this macro to include Expects in the code and exclude Ensures from the code.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_ENSURES_ONLY
Define this macro to exclude Expects from the code and include Ensures in the code.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_TERMINATES
Define this macro to call std::terminate() on a GSL contract violation in Expects, Ensures and narrow. This is the default case.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS
Define this macro to throw a std::runtime_exception-derived exception gsl::fail_fast instead of calling std::terminate() on a GSL contract violation in Expects, Ensures and throw a std::exception-derived exception narrowing_error on discarding information in narrow.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_CALLS_HANDLER
Define this macro to call a user-defined handler function gsl::fail_fast_assert_handler() instead of calling std::terminate() on a GSL contract violation in Expects and Ensures, and call std::terminate() on discarding information in narrow. The user is expected to supply a definition matching the following signature:

namespace gsl {
	gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 void fail_fast_assert_handler(
		char const * const expression, char const * const message,
		char const * const file, int line );
}

Microsoft GSL compatibility macros

-DGSL_UNENFORCED_ON_CONTRACT_VIOLATION
Equivalent to -Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_OFF.

-DGSL_THROW_ON_CONTRACT_VIOLATION
Equivalent to -Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS.

-DGSL_TERMINATE_ON_CONTRACT_VIOLATION
Equivalent to -Dgsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_TERMINATES.

Other configuration macros

-Dgsl_CONFIG_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL=0
Define this to and including the level you want deprecation; see table Deprecation below. Default is 0 for no deprecation.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_SPAN_INDEX_TYPE=size_t
Define this macro to the type to use for indices in span and basic_string_span. Microsoft's GSL uses std::ptrdiff_t. Default for gsl lite is size_t.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_NOT_NULL_EXPLICIT_CTOR=0
Define this macro to 1 to make not_null's constructor explicit. Default is 0. Note that in Microsoft's GSL the constructor is explicit. For implicit construction you can also use the gsl lite-specific not_null-derived class not_null_ic.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_NOT_NULL_GET_BY_CONST_REF=0
Define this macro to 1 to have not_null<>::get() and relatives return by T const & instead of T. This may improve performance with types that have an expensive copy-constructor. Default is 0 for T.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON=1
Define this macro to 0 to omit the ability to compare spans of different types, e.g. of different const-volatile-ness. To be able to compare a string_span with a cstring_span, non-strict span comparison must be available. Default is 1.

-Dgsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR=0
Define this macro to 1 to add the unconstrained span constructor for containers for pre-C++11 compilers that cannot constrain the constructor. This constructor may prove too greedy and interfere with other constructors. Default is 0.

Note: an alternative is to use the constructor tagged with_container: span<value_type> s(with_container, cont).

-Dgsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS=0
Define this macro to 1 to experience the by-design compile-time errors of the GSL components in the test suite. Default is 0.

Features

See also section GSL: Guidelines Support Library of the C++ Core Guidelines [9].

Feature / library	GSL	M-GSL	GSL-Lite	Notes
1.Lifetime safety
1.1 Indirection
not_null<>	✓	✓	✓	Wrap any indirection and enforce non-null, see also Other configuration macros
not_null_ic<>	-	-	✓	not_null with implicit constructor, allowing copy-initialization
1.2 Ownership
owner<>	✓	✓	>=C++11	Owned raw pointers
Owner()	-	-	✓	Macro for pre-C++11; see also Feature selection macros
unique_ptr<>	✓	✓	>=C++11	std::unique_ptr<>
unique_ptr<>	-	-	< C++11	VC10, VC11
shared_ptr<>	✓	✓	>=C++11	std::shared_ptr<>
shared_ptr<>	-	-	< C++11	VC10, VC11 see also Extract Boost smart pointers
stack_array<>	✓	-	-	A stack-allocated array, fixed size
dyn_array<>	?	-	-	A heap-allocated array, fixed size
2.Bounds safety
2.1 Tag Types
zstring	✓	✓	✓	a char* (C-style string)
wzstring	-	✓	✓	a wchar_t* (C-style string)
czstring	✓	✓	✓	a const char* (C-style string)
cwzstring	-	✓	✓	a const wchar_t* (C-style string)
2.2 Views
span<>	✓	✓	1D views	A view of contiguous T's, replace (*,len), see also proposal p0122
span_p<>	✓	-	-	A view of contiguous T's that ends at the first element for which predicate(*p) is true
make_span()	-	✓	✓	Create a span
byte_span()	-	-	✓	Create a span of bytes from a single object
as_bytes()	-	✓	✓	A span as bytes
as_writeable_bytes	-	✓	✓	A span as writeable bytes
basic_string_span<>	-	✓	✓	See also proposal p0123
string_span	✓	✓	✓	basic_string_span<char>
wstring_span	-	✓	✓	basic_string_span<wchar_t >
cstring_span	✓	✓	✓	basic_string_span<const char>
cwstring_span	-	✓	✓	basic_string_span<const wchar_t >
zstring_span	-	✓	✓	basic_zstring_span<char>
wzstring_span	-	✓	✓	basic_zstring_span<wchar_t >
czstring_span	-	✓	✓	basic_zstring_span<const char>
cwzstring_span	-	✓	✓	basic_zstring_span<const wchar_t >
ensure_z()	-	✓	✓	Create a cstring_span or cwstring_span
to_string()	-	✓	✓	Convert a string_span to std::string or std::wstring
2.3 Indexing
at()	✓	✓	>=C++11	Bounds-checked way of accessing static arrays, std::array, std::vector
at()	-	-	< C++11	static arrays, std::vector std::array : VC11
3. Assertions
Expects()	✓	✓	✓	Precondition assertion
Ensures()	✓	✓	✓	Postcondition assertion
4. Utilities
index	✓	✓	✓	type for container indexes, subscripts, sizes, see Other configuration macros
byte	-	✓	✓	byte type, see also proposal p0298
final_action<>	✓	✓	>=C++11	Action at the end of a scope
final_action	-	-	< C++11	Currently only void(*)()
finally()	✓	✓	>=C++11	Make a final_action<>
finally()	-	-	< C++11	Make a final_action
final_action_return	-	-	< C++11	Currently only void(*)(), experimental
on_return()	-	-	>=C++11	Make a final_action_return<>, experimental
on_return()	-	-	< C++11	Make a final_action_return, experimental
final_action_error	-	-	< C++11	Currently only void(*)(), experimental
on_error()	-	-	>=C++11	Make a final_action_error<>, experimental
on_error()	-	-	< C++11	Make a final_action_error, experimental
narrow_cast<>	✓	✓	✓	Searchable narrowing casts of values
narrow()	✓	✓	✓	Checked version of narrow_cast()
[[implicit]]	✓	-	C++??	Symmetric with explicit
implicit	-	-	✓	Macro, see Feature selection macros
move_owner	?	-	-	...
5. Algorithms
copy()				Copy from source span to destination span
size()				Size of span, unsigned
ssize()				Size of span, signed
6. Concepts
...

Note: GSL Lite treats VC12 (VS2013) and VC14 (VS2015) as C++11 (gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER: 1).

Deprecation

The following features are deprecated since the indicated version. See macro gsl_CONFIG_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL on how to control deprecation using the indicated level.

Version	Level	Feature / Notes
0.31.0	5	span( std::nullptr_t, index_type )
		span( pointer, index_type ) is used
0.31.0	5	span( U *, index_type size )
		span( pointer, index_type ) is used
0.31.0	5	span( U (&arr)[N] )
		span( element_type (&arr)[N] ) is used
0.31.0	5	span( std::array< U, N > [const] & arr )
		span( std::array< value_type, N > [const] & arr ) is used
0.29.0	4	span::span( std::shared_ptr const & p )
		Use span( p.get(), p.get() ? 1 : 0 ) or equivalent
0.29.0	4	span::span( std::unique_ptr const & p )
		Use Use span( p.get(), p.get() ? 1 : 0 ) or equivalent
0.29.0	3	span::length()
		Use span::size()
0.29.0	3	span::length_bytes()
		Use span::size_bytes()
0.17.0	2	member span::as_bytes(), span::as_writeable_bytes()
		—
0.7.0	1	gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR
		Use gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR, or consider span(with_container, cont).

Reported to work with

The table below mentions the compiler versions gsl-lite is reported to work with.

OS	Compiler	Where	Versions
GNU/Linux	Clang/LLVM	Travis	3.4, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 5.0
	GCC	Travis	5.4.1, 6.3.0, 7.2.0
OS X	?		?
Windows	Clang/LLVM		?
	GCC	Local	4.8.4, 4.9.2, 5.2.0, 7.2.0
	Visual C++ (Visual Studio)	Local Local AppVeyor	6 (6) via header gsl-lite-vc6.hpp (not up to date) 8 (2005), 10 (2010), 11 (2012), 12 (2013), 14 (2015), 15 (2017)
DOSBox	DJGPP	Local	DJGPP for GCC 7.2.0
FreeDOS	DJGPP	Local	DJGPP for GCC 7.2.0

Building the tests

To build the tests you need:

• CMake, version 3.0 or later to be installed and in your PATH.
• A suitable compiler.

The lest test framework is included in the test folder.

The following steps assume that the GSL Lite source code has been cloned into a directory named c:\gsl-lite.

1. Create a directory for the build outputs for a particular architecture.
   Here we use c:\gsl-lite\build-win-x86-vc10.

    cd c:\gsl-lite
    md build-win-x86-vc10
    cd build-win-x86-vc10
   

2. Configure CMake to use the compiler of your choice (run cmake --help for a list).

    cmake -G "Visual Studio 10 2010" ..
   

3. Build the test suite in the Debug configuration (alternatively use Release).

    cmake --build . --config Debug
   

4. Run the test suite.

    ctest -V -C Debug
   

All tests should pass, indicating your platform is supported and you are ready to use gsl-lite. See the table with supported types and functions.

Other GSL implementations

• Microsoft. Guidelines Support Library (GSL).
• Vicente J. Botet Escriba. Guidelines Support Library (GSL).
• Mattia Basaglia. CxxMiscLib gsl.hpp, tests.

Notes and references

Proposals, specification

[1] span on cppreference.
[2] span in C++20 Working Draft.
[3] p0091 - Template argument deduction for class templates.
[4] p0122 - span: bounds-safe views for sequences of objects.
[5] p0123 - string_span: bounds-safe views for sequences of characters .
[6] p0298 - A byte type definition.
[7] p0805 - Comparing Containers.

Articles

[8] Standard C++ Foundation.
[9] Standard C++ Foundation. C++ Core Guidelines.
[10] Microsoft. Guidelines Support Library (GSL).
[11] Bjarne Stroustrup. Writing good C++14 (PDF) — Video. CppCon 2015.
[12] Herb Sutter. Writing good C++14… By default (PDF) — Video. CppCon 2015.
[13] Gabriel Dos Reis. Contracts for Dependable C++ (PDF) — Video. CppCon 2015.
[14] Bjarne Stroustrup et al. A brief introduction to C++’s model for type- and resource-safety.
[15] Herb Sutter and Neil MacIntosh. Lifetime Safety: Preventing Leaks and Dangling. 21 Sep 2015.

Compiler feature testing

[16] cppreference.com. Feature Test Recommendations.
[17] cppreference.com. Feature testing macros.

C++ features in various Visual C++ compilers

[18] Visual CPP Team. C++0x Core Language Features In VC10: The Table. Microsoft. 6 April 2010.
[19] Visual CPP Team. C++11 Features in Visual C++ 11. Microsoft. 12 September 2011.
[20] Joel Coehoorn. C++11 features in Visual Studio 2012. StackOverflow. 14 September 2011.
[21] Stephan T. Lavavej. C++11/14 Features In Visual Studio 14 CTP3. Microsoft. 21 August 2014.
[22] Stephan T. Lavavej. C++11/14/17 Features In VS 2015 RTM. Microsoft. 19 June 2015.

Appendix

Contents

• A.1 Extract Boost smart pointers
• A.2 Compile-time information
• A.3 GSL Lite test specification

A.1 Extract Boost smart pointers

To obtain a subset of Boost only containing the smart pointers, use the bcp command like:

C:\Libraries\boost\boost_1_51>bin\bcp scoped_ptr.hpp shared_ptr.hpp weak_ptr.hpp make_shared.hpp C:\Libraries\boost-shared_ptr

The smart pointers of Boost 1.51 can be used with VC6.

A.2 Compile-time information

The version of gsl lite is available via tag [.version]. The following tags are available for information on the compiler and on the C++ standard library used: [.compiler], [.stdc++], [.stdlanguage] and [.stdlibrary].

A.3 GSL Lite test specification

Expects(): Allows a true expression
Ensures(): Allows a true expression
Expects(): Terminates on a false expression
Ensures(): Terminates on a false expression
at(): Terminates access to non-existing C-array elements
at(): Terminates access to non-existing std::array elements (C++11)
at(): Terminates access to non-existing std::vector elements
at(): Terminates access to non-existing std::initializer_list elements (C++11)
at(): Terminates access to non-existing gsl::span elements
at(): Allows to access existing C-array elements
at(): Allows to access existing std::array elements (C++11)
at(): Allows to access existing std::vector elements
at(): Allows to access std::initializer_list elements (C++11)
at(): Allows to access gsl::span elements
byte: Allows to construct from integral via static cast (C++17)
byte: Allows to construct from integral via byte() (C++17)
byte: Allows to construct from integral via to_byte()
byte: Allows to convert to integral via to_integer()
byte: Allows comparison operations
byte: Allows bitwise or operation
byte: Allows bitwise and operation
byte: Allows bitwise x-or operation
byte: Allows bitwise or assignment
byte: Allows bitwise and assignment
byte: Allows bitwise x-or assignment
byte: Allows shift-left operation
byte: Allows shift-right operation
byte: Allows shift-left assignment
byte: Allows shift-right assignment
byte: Provides constexpr non-assignment operations (C++11)
byte: Provides constexpr assignment operations (C++14)
byte: Provides hash support (C++11)
not_null<>: Disallows default construction (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
not_null<>: Disallows construction from nullptr_t, NULL or 0 (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
not_null<>: Disallows construction from a unique pointer to underlying type (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
not_null<>: Disallows assignment from unrelated pointers (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
not_null<>: Terminates construction from a null pointer value
not_null<>: Terminates construction from related pointer types for null pointer value
not_null<>: Terminates assignment from a null pointer value
not_null<>: Terminates assignment from related pointer types for null pointer value
not_null<>: Allows to construct from a non-null underlying pointer
not_null<>: Allows to construct from a non-null user-defined ref-counted type
not_null<>: Allows to construct from a non-null related pointer
not_null<>: Allows to construct from a not_null related pointer type
not_null<>: Allows assignment from a not_null related pointer type
not_null<>: Allows assignment from a non-null bare recast pointer
not_null<>: Allows implicit conversion to underlying type
not_null<>: Allows indirect member access
not_null<>: Allows dereferencing
not_null<>: Allows to compare equal to another not_null of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare unequal to another not_null of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare less than another not_null of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare less than or equal to another not_null of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare greater than another not_null of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare greater than or equal to another not_null of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare equal to a raw pointer of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare unequal to a raw pointer of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare less than a raw pointer of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare less than or equal to a raw pointer of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare greater than a raw pointer of the same type
not_null<>: Allows to compare greater than or equal to a raw pointer of the same type
owner<>: Disallows construction from a non-pointer type (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
owner<>: Allows its use as the (pointer) type it stands for
Owner(): Allows its use as the (pointer) type it stands for
span<>: Disallows construction from a temporary value (C++11) (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
span<>: Disallows construction from a C-array of incompatible type (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
span<>: Disallows construction from a std::array of incompatible type (C++11) (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
span<>: Terminates construction from a nullptr and a non-zero size (C++11)
span<>: Terminates construction from two pointers in the wrong order
span<>: Terminates construction from a null pointer and a non-zero size
span<>: Terminates creation of a sub span of the first n elements for n exceeding the span
span<>: Terminates creation of a sub span of the last n elements for n exceeding the span
span<>: Terminates creation of a sub span outside the span
span<>: Terminates access outside the span
span<>: Allows to default-construct
span<>: Allows to construct from a nullptr and a zero size (C++11)
span<>: Allows to construct from a single object (C++11)
span<>: Allows to construct from a const single object (C++11)
span<>: Allows to construct from two pointers
span<>: Allows to construct from two pointers to const
span<>: Allows to construct from a non-null pointer and a size
span<>: Allows to construct from a non-null pointer to const and a size
span<>: Allows to construct from a temporary pointer and a size
span<>: Allows to construct from a temporary pointer to const and a size
span<>: Allows to construct from any pointer and a zero size
span<>: Allows to construct from a C-array
span<>: Allows to construct from a const C-array
span<>: Allows to construct from a C-array with size via decay to pointer (potentially dangerous)
span<>: Allows to construct from a const C-array with size via decay to pointer (potentially dangerous)
span<>: Allows to construct from a std::initializer_list<> (C++11)
span<>: Allows to construct from a std::array<> (C++11)
span<>: Allows to construct from a std::array<> with const data (C++11) [deprecated-5]
span<>: Allows to construct from a container (std::vector<>)
span<>: Allows to construct from a temporary container (potentially dangerous)
span<>: Allows to tag-construct from a container (std::vector<>)
span<>: Allows to tag-construct from a temporary container (potentially dangerous)
span<>: Allows to construct from an empty gsl::shared_ptr (C++11) [deprecated-4]
span<>: Allows to construct from an empty gsl::unique_ptr (C++11) [deprecated-4]
span<>: Allows to construct from an empty gsl::unique_ptr (array, C++11) [deprecated-4]
span<>: Allows to construct from a non-empty gsl::shared_ptr (C++11) [deprecated-4]
span<>: Allows to construct from a non-empty gsl::unique_ptr (C++11) [deprecated-4]
span<>: Allows to construct from a non-empty gsl::unique_ptr (array, C++11) [deprecated-4]
span<>: Allows to copy-construct from another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to copy-construct from another span of a compatible type
span<>: Allows to move-construct from another span of the same type (C++11)
span<>: Allows to copy-assign from another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to move-assign from another span of the same type (C++11)
span<>: Allows to create a sub span of the first n elements
span<>: Allows to create a sub span of the last n elements
span<>: Allows to create a sub span starting at a given offset
span<>: Allows to create a sub span starting at a given offset with a given length
span<>: Allows to create an empty sub span at full offset
span<>: Allows to create an empty sub span at full offset with zero length
span<>: Allows forward iteration
span<>: Allows const forward iteration
span<>: Allows reverse iteration
span<>: Allows const reverse iteration
span<>: Allows to observe an element via array indexing
span<>: Allows to observe an element via call indexing
span<>: Allows to observe an element via at()
span<>: Allows to observe an element via data()
span<>: Allows to change an element via array indexing
span<>: Allows to change an element via call indexing
span<>: Allows to change an element via at()
span<>: Allows to change an element via data()
span<>: Allows to compare equal to another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to compare unequal to another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to compare less than another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to compare less than or equal to another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to compare greater than another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to compare greater than or equal to another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to compare to another span of the same type and different cv-ness (non-standard)
span<>: Allows to compare empty spans as equal
span<>: Allows to test for empty span via empty(), empty case
span<>: Allows to test for empty span via empty(), non-empty case
span<>: Allows to obtain the number of elements via size(), as configured
span<>: Allows to obtain the number of elements via ssize(), signed
span<>: Allows to obtain the number of elements via length() [deprecated-3]
span<>: Allows to obtain the number of bytes via size_bytes()
span<>: Allows to obtain the number of bytes via length_bytes() [deprecated-3]
span<>: Allows to swap with another span of the same type
span<>: Allows to view the elements as read-only bytes [deprecated-2 as member]
span<>: Allows to view and change the elements as writable bytes [deprecated-2 as member]
span<>: Allows to view the elements as a span of another type
span<>: Allows to change the elements from a span of another type
copy(): Allows to copy a span to another span of the same element type
copy(): Allows to copy a span to another span of a different element type
size(): Allows to obtain the number of elements in span via size(span), unsigned
ssize(): Allows to obtain the number of elements in span via ssize(span), signed
make_span(): (gsl_FEATURE_MAKE_SPAN=1)
make_span(): Allows to build from two pointers
make_span(): Allows to build from two const pointers
make_span(): Allows to build from a non-null pointer and a size
make_span(): Allows to build from a non-null const pointer and a size
make_span(): Allows to build from a C-array
make_span(): Allows to build from a const C-array
make_span(): Allows building from a std::initializer_list<> (C++11)
make_span(): Allows to build from a std::array<> (C++11)
make_span(): Allows to build from a const std::array<> (C++11)
make_span(): Allows to build from a container (std::vector<>)
make_span(): Allows to build from a const container (std::vector<>)
make_span(): Allows to build from a temporary container (potentially dangerous)
make_span(): Allows to tag-build from a container (std::vector<>)
make_span(): Allows to tag-build from a temporary container (potentially dangerous)
make_span(): Allows to build from an empty gsl::shared_ptr (C++11) [deprecated-4]
make_span(): Allows to build from an empty gsl::unique_ptr (C++11) [deprecated-4]
make_span(): Allows to build from an empty gsl::unique_ptr (array, C++11) [deprecated-4]
make_span(): Allows to build from a non-empty gsl::shared_ptr (C++11) [deprecated-4]
make_span(): Allows to build from a non-empty gsl::unique_ptr (C++11) [deprecated-4]
make_span(): Allows to build from a non-empty gsl::unique_ptr (array, C++11) [deprecated-4]
byte_span() (gsl_FEATURE_BYTE_SPAN=1)
byte_span(): Allows to build a span of gsl::byte from a single object
byte_span(): Allows to build a span of const gsl::byte from a single const object
string_span: Disallows construction of a string_span from a cstring_span (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
string_span: Disallows construction of a string_span from a const std::string (define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS)
string_span: Allows to default-construct
string_span: Allows to construct from a nullptr (C++11)
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a const C-string
string_span: Allows to construct a string_span from a non-const C-string and size
string_span: Allows to construct a string_span from a non-const C-string begin and end pointer
string_span: Allows to construct a string_span from a non-const C-array
string_span: Allows to construct a string_span from a non-const std::string
string_span: Allows to construct a string_span from a non-const std::array (C++11)
string_span: Allows to construct a string_span from a non-const container (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a string_span from a non-const container, via a tag (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a non-const C-string and size
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a non-const C-string begin and end pointer
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a non-const C-array
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a non-const std::string
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a non-const std::array (C++11)
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a non-const container (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a non-const container, via a tag (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a const C-string and size
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a non-const C-string begin and end pointer
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a const C-array
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a const std::string
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a const std::array (C++11)
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a const container (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a cstring_span from a const container, via a tag (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a wstring_span from a non-const C-string and size
string_span: Allows to construct a wstring_span from a non-const C-string begin and end pointer
string_span: Allows to construct a wstring_span from a non-const C-array
string_span: Allows to construct a wstring_span from a non-const std::wstring
string_span: Allows to construct a wstring_span from a non-const std::array (C++11)
string_span: Allows to construct a wstring_span from a non-const container (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a wstring_span from a non-const container, via a tag (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a non-const C-string and size
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a non-const C-string begin and end pointer
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a non-const C-array
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a non-const std::wstring
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a non-const std::array (C++11)
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a non-const container (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a non-const container, via a tag (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a const C-string and size
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a const C-string begin and end pointer
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a const C-array
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a const std::wstring
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a const std::array (C++11)
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a const container (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to construct a cwstring_span from a const container, via a tag (std::vector)
string_span: Allows to copy-construct from another span of the same type
string_span: Allows to copy-construct from another span of a compatible type
string_span: Allows to move-construct from another span of the same type (C++11)
string_span: Allows to copy-assign from another span of the same type
string_span: Allows to move-assign from another span of the same type (C++11)
string_span: Allows to create a sub span of the first n elements
string_span: Allows to create a sub span of the last n elements
string_span: Allows to create a sub span starting at a given offset
string_span: Allows to create a sub span starting at a given offset with a given length
string_span: Allows to create an empty sub span at full offset
string_span: Allows to create an empty sub span at full offset with zero length
string_span: Allows forward iteration
string_span: Allows const forward iteration
string_span: Allows reverse iteration
string_span: Allows const reverse iteration
string_span: Allows to observe an element via array indexing
string_span: Allows to observe an element via call indexing
string_span: Allows to observe an element via data()
string_span: Allows to change an element via array indexing
string_span: Allows to change an element via call indexing
string_span: Allows to change an element via data()
string_span: Allows to compare a string_span with another string_span
string_span: Allows to compare empty span to non-empty span
string_span: Allows to compare a string_span with a cstring_span
string_span: Allows to compare with types convertible to string_span
string_span: Allows to test for empty span via empty(), empty case
string_span: Allows to test for empty span via empty(), non-empty case
string_span: Allows to obtain the number of elements via length()
string_span: Allows to obtain the number of elements via size()
string_span: Allows to obtain the number of bytes via length_bytes()
string_span: Allows to obtain the number of bytes via size_bytes()
string_span: Allows to view the elements as read-only bytes
zstring_span: Allows to construct a zstring_span from a zero-terminated empty string (via span)
zstring_span: Allows to construct a zstring_span from a zero-terminated non-empty string (via span)
zstring_span: Terminates construction of a zstring_span from a non-zero-terminated string (via span)
zstring_span: Allows to construct a wzstring_span from a zero-terminated empty string (via span)
zstring_span: Allows to construct a wzstring_span from a zero-terminated non-empty string (via span)
zstring_span: Terminates construction of a wzstring_span from a non-zero-terminated string (via span)
zstring_span: Allows to use a zstring_span with a legacy API via member assume_z()
zstring_span: Allows to use a wzstring_span with a legacy API via member assume_z()
to_string(): Allows to explicitly convert from string_span to std::string
to_string(): Allows to explicitly convert from cstring_span to std::string
to_string(): Allows to explicitly convert from wstring_span to std::wstring
to_string(): Allows to explicitly convert from cwstring_span to std::wstring
ensure_z(): Disallows to build a string_span from a const C-string
ensure_z(): Disallows to build a wstring_span from a const wide C-string
ensure_z(): Allows to build a string_span from a non-const C-string
ensure_z(): Allows to build a cstring_span from a non-const C-string
ensure_z(): Allows to build a cstring_span from a const C-string
ensure_z(): Allows to build a wstring_span from a non-const wide C-string
ensure_z(): Allows to build a cwstring_span from a non-const wide C-string
ensure_z(): Allows to build a cwstring_span from a const wide C-string
ensure_z(): Allows to specify ultimate location of the sentinel and ensure its presence
operator<<: Allows printing a string_span to an output stream
operator<<: Allows printing a cstring_span to an output stream
operator<<: Allows printing a wstring_span to an output stream
operator<<: Allows printing a cwstring_span to an output stream
finally: Allows to run lambda on leaving scope
finally: Allows to run function (bind) on leaving scope
finally: Allows to run function (pointer) on leaving scope
finally: Allows to move final_action
on_return: Allows to perform action on leaving scope without exception (gsl_FEATURE_EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD)
on_error: Allows to perform action on leaving scope via an exception (gsl_FEATURE_EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD)
narrow_cast<>: Allows narrowing without value loss
narrow_cast<>: Allows narrowing with value loss
narrow<>(): Allows narrowing without value loss
narrow<>(): Terminates when narrowing with value loss
narrow<>(): Terminates when narrowing with sign loss