Cherrypick "Shoot Over Bodies" And Related PRs (Simple-Station#479)

# Description
This is a manual cherry-pick of the following PRs:
space-wizards/space-station-14#27905
space-wizards/space-station-14#28072
space-wizards/space-station-14#28571

I REQUIRE these for my work in PR Simple-Station#11 , and cannot complete said PR
without these cherry-picks. This set of PRs from Wizden adds a feature
where entities can selectively opt-out of being shot at unless a player
intentionally targets them, which I can use as a simple and elegant
solution to one of the largest glaring issues for Segmented Entities. I
could simply give Lamia segments the new
RequireProjectileTargetComponent, which adds them to the system. Future
segmented entities such as the hypothetical "Heretic Worm" may or may
not use this feature, depending on their intended implementation.

---------

Co-authored-by: Danger Revolution! <142105406+DangerRevolution@users.noreply.github.com>

Content.Client/Weapons/Ranged/Systems/GunSystem.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System.Numerics;
+using Content.Client.Gameplay;
 using Content.Client.Items;
 using Content.Client.Weapons.Ranged.Components;
 using Content.Shared.Camera;
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@
 using Robust.Client.Graphics;
 using Robust.Client.Input;
 using Robust.Client.Player;
+using Robust.Client.State;
 using Robust.Shared.Animations;
 using Robust.Shared.Input;
 using Robust.Shared.Map;
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ public sealed partial class GunSystem : SharedGunSystem
     [Dependency] private readonly IEyeManager _eyeManager = default!;
     [Dependency] private readonly IInputManager _inputManager = default!;
     [Dependency] private readonly IPlayerManager _player = default!;
+    [Dependency] private readonly IStateManager _state = default!;
     [Dependency] private readonly AnimationPlayerSystem _animPlayer = default!;
     [Dependency] private readonly InputSystem _inputSystem = default!;
     [Dependency] private readonly SharedCameraRecoilSystem _recoil = default!;
@@ -171,10 +174,15 @@ public override void Update(float frameTime)
         // Define target coordinates relative to gun entity, so that network latency on moving grids doesn't fuck up the target location.
         var coordinates = EntityCoordinates.FromMap(entity, mousePos, TransformSystem, EntityManager);
 
+        NetEntity? target = null;
+        if (_state.CurrentState is GameplayStateBase screen)
+            target = GetNetEntity(screen.GetClickedEntity(mousePos));
+
         Log.Debug($"Sending shoot request tick {Timing.CurTick} / {Timing.CurTime}");
 
         EntityManager.RaisePredictiveEvent(new RequestShootEvent
         {
+            Target = target,
             Coordinates = GetNetCoordinates(coordinates),
             Gun = GetNetEntity(gunUid),
         });

Content.Server/Weapons/Ranged/Systems/GunSystem.cs

@@ -280,6 +280,13 @@ public override void Shoot(EntityUid gunUid, GunComponent gun, List<(EntityUid?
 
     private void ShootOrThrow(EntityUid uid, Vector2 mapDirection, Vector2 gunVelocity, GunComponent gun, EntityUid gunUid, EntityUid? user)
     {
+        if (gun.Target is { } target && !TerminatingOrDeleted(target))
+        {
+            var targeted = EnsureComp<TargetedProjectileComponent>(uid);
+            targeted.Target = target;
+            Dirty(uid, targeted);
+        }
+
         // Do a throw
         if (!HasComp<ProjectileComponent>(uid))
         {

Content.Shared/Damage/Components/RequireProjectileTargetComponent.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Robust.Shared.GameStates;
+
+namespace Content.Shared.Damage.Components;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Prevent the object from getting hit by projetiles unless you target the object.
+/// </summary>
+[RegisterComponent, NetworkedComponent, AutoGenerateComponentState]
+[Access(typeof(RequireProjectileTargetSystem))]
+public sealed partial class RequireProjectileTargetComponent : Component
+{
+    [DataField, AutoNetworkedField]
+    public bool Active = true;
+}

Content.Shared/Damage/Systems/RequireProjectileTargetSystem.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+using Content.Shared.Projectiles;
+using Content.Shared.Weapons.Ranged.Components;
+using Content.Shared.Standing;
+using Robust.Shared.Physics.Events;
+
+namespace Content.Shared.Damage.Components;
+
+public sealed class RequireProjectileTargetSystem : EntitySystem
+{
+    public override void Initialize()
+    {
+        SubscribeLocalEvent<RequireProjectileTargetComponent, PreventCollideEvent>(PreventCollide);
+        SubscribeLocalEvent<RequireProjectileTargetComponent, StoodEvent>(StandingBulletHit);
+        SubscribeLocalEvent<RequireProjectileTargetComponent, DownedEvent>(LayingBulletPass);
+    }
+
+    private void PreventCollide(Entity<RequireProjectileTargetComponent> ent, ref PreventCollideEvent args)
+    {
+        if (args.Cancelled)
+          return;
+
+        if (!ent.Comp.Active)
+            return;
+
+        var other = args.OtherEntity;
+        if (HasComp<ProjectileComponent>(other) &&
+            CompOrNull<TargetedProjectileComponent>(other)?.Target != ent)
+        {
+            args.Cancelled = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SetActive(Entity<RequireProjectileTargetComponent> ent, bool value)
+    {
+        if (ent.Comp.Active == value)
+            return;
+
+        ent.Comp.Active = value;
+        Dirty(ent);
+    }
+
+    private void StandingBulletHit(Entity<RequireProjectileTargetComponent> ent, ref StoodEvent args)
+    {
+        SetActive(ent, false);
+    }
+
+    private void LayingBulletPass(Entity<RequireProjectileTargetComponent> ent, ref DownedEvent args)
+    {
+        SetActive(ent, true);
+    }
+}

Content.Shared/Mobs/Systems/MobStateSystem.Subscribers.cs

@@ -10,12 +10,15 @@
 using Content.Shared.Mobs.Components;
 using Content.Shared.Movement.Events;
 using Content.Shared.Pointing;
+using Content.Shared.Projectiles;
 using Content.Shared.Pulling.Events;
 using Content.Shared.Speech;
 using Content.Shared.Standing;
 using Content.Shared.Strip.Components;
 using Content.Shared.Throwing;
+using Content.Shared.Weapons.Ranged.Components;
 using Robust.Shared.Physics.Components;
+using Robust.Shared.Physics.Events;
 
 namespace Content.Shared.Mobs.Systems;
 

Content.Shared/Weapons/Ranged/Components/GunComponent.cs

@@ -140,6 +140,12 @@ public sealed partial class GunComponent : Component
     [ViewVariables]
     public EntityCoordinates? ShootCoordinates = null;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Who the gun is being requested to shoot at directly.
+    /// </summary>
+    [ViewVariables]
+    public EntityUid? Target = null;
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     The base value for how many shots to fire per burst.
     /// </summary>

Content.Shared/Weapons/Ranged/Components/TargetedProjectileComponent.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using Content.Shared.Weapons.Ranged.Systems;
+using Robust.Shared.GameStates;
+
+namespace Content.Shared.Weapons.Ranged.Components;
+
+[RegisterComponent, NetworkedComponent, AutoGenerateComponentState]
+[Access(typeof(SharedGunSystem))]
+public sealed partial class TargetedProjectileComponent : Component
+{
+    [DataField, AutoNetworkedField]
+    public EntityUid Target;
+}

Content.Shared/Weapons/Ranged/Events/RequestShootEvent.cs

@@ -11,4 +11,5 @@ public sealed class RequestShootEvent : EntityEventArgs
 {
     public NetEntity Gun;
     public NetCoordinates Coordinates;
+    public NetEntity? Target;
 }

Content.Shared/Weapons/Ranged/Systems/SharedGunSystem.cs

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ private void OnShootRequest(RequestShootEvent msg, EntitySessionEventArgs args)
 
         gun.ShootCoordinates = GetCoordinates(msg.Coordinates);
         Log.Debug($"Set shoot coordinates to {gun.ShootCoordinates}");
+        gun.Target = GetEntity(msg.Target);
         AttemptShoot(user.Value, ent, gun);
     }
 
@@ -200,6 +201,7 @@ private void StopShooting(EntityUid uid, GunComponent gun)
         Log.Debug($"Stopped shooting {ToPrettyString(uid)}");
         gun.ShotCounter = 0;
         gun.ShootCoordinates = null;
+        gun.Target = null;
         Dirty(uid, gun);
     }
 

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Mobs/base.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# The progenitor. This should only container the most basic components possible.
+# The progenitor. This should only container the most basic components possible.
 # Only put things on here if every mob *must* have it. This includes ghosts.
 - type: entity
   save: false
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
   - type: MovementSpeedModifier
   - type: Polymorphable
   - type: StatusIcon
+  - type: RequireProjectileTarget
+    active: False
 
 # Used for mobs that have health and can take damage.
 - type: entity

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Objects/Fun/Instruments/base_instruments.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-- type: entity
+- type: entity
   abstract: true
   parent: BaseItem
   id: BaseHandheldInstrument
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
         - BulletImpassable
   - type: StaticPrice
     price: 300
+  - type: RequireProjectileTarget
 
 - type: entity
   parent: BasePlaceableInstrument

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Dispensers/base_structuredispensers.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 - type: entity
   abstract: true
   id: ReagentDispenserBase
-  parent: ConstructibleMachine
+  parent: SmallConstructibleMachine
   placement:
     mode: SnapgridCenter
   components:

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/Computers/base_structurecomputers.yml

@@ -60,3 +60,4 @@
         ents: []
   - type: LightningTarget
     priority: 1
+  - type: RequireProjectileTarget

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/Medical/chemistry_machines.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 - type: entity
   id: BaseTabletopChemicalMachine
-  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, ConstructibleMachine ]
+  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, SmallConstructibleMachine ]
   abstract: true
   components:
   - type: Transform

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/Medical/disease_diagnoser.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 - type: entity
   id: DiseaseDiagnoser
-  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, ConstructibleMachine ]
+  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, SmallConstructibleMachine ]
   name: Disease Diagnoser Delta Extreme
   description: A machine that analyzes disease samples.
   placement:
@@ -43,5 +43,3 @@
     contentMargin: 12.0, 0.0, 12.0, 0.0
     # This is a narrow piece of paper
     maxWritableArea: 128.0, 0.0
-
-

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/Medical/vaccinator.yml

@@ -24,3 +24,4 @@
     containers:
       machine_board: !type:Container
       machine_parts: !type:Container
+  - type: RequireProjectileTarget

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/artifact_analyzer.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 - type: entity
   id: MachineArtifactAnalyzer
-  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, ConstructibleMachine ]
+  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, SmallConstructibleMachine ]
   name: artifact analyzer
   description: A platform capable of performing analysis on various types of artifacts.
   components:
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
         - Impassable
         - MidImpassable
         - LowImpassable
+        - BulletImpassable
         hard: False
   - type: Transform
     anchored: true

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/base_structuremachines.yml

@@ -70,3 +70,10 @@
     - machine_board
   - type: LightningTarget
     priority: 1
+
+- type: entity
+  abstract: true
+  parent: ConstructibleMachine
+  id: SmallConstructibleMachine
+  components:
+    - type: RequireProjectileTarget

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/fax_machine.yml

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
     deviceNetId: Wireless
     receiveFrequencyId: Fax
     transmitFrequencyId: Fax
+  - type: RequireProjectileTarget
 
 # Special
 - type: entity

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/lathe.yml

@@ -518,6 +518,7 @@
         - Sheet
         - RawMaterial
         - Ingot
+  - type: RequireProjectileTarget
 
 - type: entity
   id: ExosuitFabricator

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/microwave.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-- type: entity
+- type: entity
   id: KitchenMicrowave
-  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, ConstructibleMachine ]
+  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, SmallConstructibleMachine ]
   name: microwave
   description: It's magic.
   components:

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/reagent_grinder.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 - type: entity
   id: KitchenReagentGrinder
-  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, ConstructibleMachine ]
+  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, SmallConstructibleMachine ]
   name: reagent grinder
   description: From BlenderTech. Will It Blend? Let's find out!
   suffix: grinder/juicer

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Machines/wireless_surveillance_camera.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 - type: entity
   abstract: true
-  parent: [ BaseStructureDynamic, ConstructibleMachine ]
+  parent: [ BaseStructureDynamic, SmallConstructibleMachine ]
   id: SurveillanceWirelessCameraBase
   name: wireless camera
   description: A camera. It's watching you. Kinda.
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
           density: 80
           mask:
             - MachineMask
+          layer:
+            - BulletImpassable
     - type: SurveillanceCameraMicrophone
       blacklist:
         components:

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Piping/Atmospherics/portable.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 - type: entity
   id: PortableScrubber
-  parent: [BaseMachinePowered, ConstructibleMachine]
+  parent: [BaseMachinePowered, SmallConstructibleMachine]
   name: portable scrubber
   description: It scrubs, portably!
   components:
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
         layer:
         - MachineLayer
   - type: ApcPowerReceiver
-    powerDisabled: true #starts off 
+    powerDisabled: true #starts off
   - type: Sprite
     sprite: Structures/Piping/Atmospherics/Portable/portable_sheater.rsi
     noRot: true
@@ -195,4 +195,4 @@
   suffix: Anchored, Enabled
   components:
   - type: ApcPowerReceiver
-    powerDisabled: false
+    powerDisabled: false

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Piping/Atmospherics/unary.yml

@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@
     board: HellfireHeaterMachineCircuitBoard
 
 - type: entity
-  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, ConstructibleMachine ]
+  parent: [ BaseMachinePowered, SmallConstructibleMachine ]
   id: BaseGasCondenser
   name: condenser
   description: Condenses gases into liquids. Now we just need some plumbing.

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Piping/Disposal/units.yml

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
     - key: enum.DisposalUnitUiKey.Key
       type: DisposalUnitBoundUserInterface
   - type: RatKingRummageable
+  - type: RequireProjectileTarget
 
 - type: entity
   id: MailingUnit

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Power/Generation/Singularity/emitter.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 - type: entity
   id: Emitter
   name: emitter
-  parent: ConstructibleMachine
+  parent: SmallConstructibleMachine
   description: A heavy duty industrial laser. Shoots non-stop when turned on.
   placement:
     mode: SnapgridCenter

Resources/Prototypes/Entities/Structures/Power/Generation/portable_generator.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-#
+#
 # You can use this Desmos sheet to calculate fuel burn rate values:
 # https://www.desmos.com/calculator/qcektq5dqs
 #
 
 - type: entity
   abstract: true
   id: PortableGeneratorBase
-  parent: [ BaseMachine, ConstructibleMachine ]
+  parent: [ BaseMachine, SmallConstructibleMachine]
   components:
     # Basic properties
     - type: Transform