imageResizeWatermark.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *  * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
 * OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
  

#include "imageResizeWatermark.h"

//#define OPTIMIZED_HUFFMAN
#define ALPHA_BLEND 50
// *****************************************************************************
// nvJPEG handles and parameters
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
nvjpegBackend_t impl = NVJPEG_BACKEND_GPU_HYBRID; //NVJPEG_BACKEND_DEFAULT;
nvjpegHandle_t nvjpeg_handle;
nvjpegJpegStream_t nvjpeg_jpeg_stream;
nvjpegDecodeParams_t nvjpeg_decode_params;
nvjpegJpegState_t nvjpeg_decoder_state;
nvjpegEncoderParams_t nvjpeg_encode_params;
nvjpegEncoderState_t nvjpeg_encoder_state;
nvjpegJpegEncoding_t nvjpeg_encoding;

// *****************************************************************************
// Decode, Resize and Encoder function
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int decodeResizeEncodeOneImage(std::string sImagePath, std::string sOutputPath, double &time, int resizeWidth, int resizeHeight, int resize_quality)
{
    // Decode, Encoder format
    nvjpegOutputFormat_t oformat = NVJPEG_OUTPUT_BGR;
    nvjpegInputFormat_t iformat = NVJPEG_INPUT_BGR;

    // timing for resize
    time = 0.;
    float resize_time = 0.;
    cudaEvent_t start, stop;
    CHECK_CUDA(cudaEventCreate(&start));
    CHECK_CUDA(cudaEventCreate(&stop));

    // Image reading section
    // Get the file name, without extension.
    // This will be used to rename the output file.
    size_t position = sImagePath.rfind("/");
    std::string sFileName = (std::string::npos == position)? sImagePath : sImagePath.substr(position + 1, sImagePath.size());
    position = sFileName.rfind(".");
    sFileName = (std::string::npos == position)? sFileName : sFileName.substr(0, position);

#ifndef _WIN64
    position = sFileName.rfind("/");
    sFileName = (std::string::npos == position) ? sFileName : sFileName.substr(position + 1, sFileName.length());
#else
    position = sFileName.rfind("\\");
    sFileName = (std::string::npos == position) ? sFileName : sFileName.substr(position+1, sFileName.length());
#endif

    // Read an watermark image from disk.
    std::ifstream oInputStreamW("NVLogo.jpg", std::ios::in | std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
    if (!(oInputStreamW.is_open()))
    {
        std::cerr << "Cannot open watermark image: " << sImagePath << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    // Get the size.
    std::streamsize nSizeW = oInputStreamW.tellg();
    oInputStreamW.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
    // Image buffers. 
    unsigned char * pBufferW = NULL;
    // device image buffers.
    nvjpegImage_t imgDescW;
    size_t pitchDescW;
    NppiSize srcSizeW;

    std::vector<char> vBufferW(nSizeW);
    if (oInputStreamW.read(vBufferW.data(), nSizeW))
    {
        unsigned char * dpImageW = (unsigned char *)vBufferW.data();
        // Retrieve the componenet and size info.
        int nComponent = 0;
        nvjpegChromaSubsampling_t subsampling;
        int widths[NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT];
        int heights[NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT];
        int nReturnCode = 0;
        if (NVJPEG_STATUS_SUCCESS != nvjpegGetImageInfo(nvjpeg_handle, dpImageW, nSizeW, &nComponent, &subsampling, widths, heights))
        {
            std::cerr << "Error decoding JPEG header: " << sImagePath << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        srcSizeW = { (int)widths[0], (int)heights[0] };

        if (is_interleaved(oformat))
        {
            pitchDescW = NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT * widths[0];
        }
        else
        {
            pitchDescW = 3 * widths[0];
        }

        cudaError_t eCopy = cudaMalloc(&pBufferW, pitchDescW * heights[0]);
        if (cudaSuccess != eCopy)
        {
            std::cerr << "cudaMalloc failed : " << cudaGetErrorString(eCopy) << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        imgDescW.channel[0] = pBufferW;
        imgDescW.channel[1] = pBufferW + widths[0] * heights[0];
        imgDescW.channel[2] = pBufferW + widths[0] * heights[0] * 2;
        imgDescW.pitch[0] = (unsigned int)(is_interleaved(oformat) ? widths[0] * NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT : widths[0]);
        imgDescW.pitch[1] = (unsigned int)widths[0];
        imgDescW.pitch[2] = (unsigned int)widths[0];

        if (is_interleaved(oformat))
        {
            imgDescW.channel[3] = pBufferW + widths[0] * heights[0] * 3;
            imgDescW.pitch[3] = (unsigned int)widths[0];
        }

        // decode by stages
        nReturnCode = nvjpegDecode(nvjpeg_handle, nvjpeg_decoder_state, dpImageW, nSizeW, oformat, &imgDescW, NULL);
        if (nReturnCode != 0)
        {
            std::cerr << "Error in nvjpegDecode." << nReturnCode << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
    }




    // Read an image from disk.
    std::ifstream oInputStream(sImagePath.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
    if(!(oInputStream.is_open()))
    {
        std::cerr << "Cannot open image: " << sImagePath << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    // Get the size.
    std::streamsize nSize = oInputStream.tellg();
    oInputStream.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);

    // Image buffers. 
    unsigned char * pBuffer = NULL; 
    unsigned char * pResizeBuffer = NULL;
    unsigned char * pResizeBufferW = NULL;

    std::vector<char> vBuffer(nSize);
    if (oInputStream.read(vBuffer.data(), nSize))
    {            
        unsigned char * dpImage = (unsigned char *)vBuffer.data();
        
        // Retrieve the componenet and size info.
        int nComponent = 0;
        nvjpegChromaSubsampling_t subsampling;
        int widths[NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT];
        int heights[NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT];
        int nReturnCode = 0;
        if (NVJPEG_STATUS_SUCCESS != nvjpegGetImageInfo(nvjpeg_handle, dpImage, nSize, &nComponent, &subsampling, widths, heights))
        {
            std::cerr << "Error decoding JPEG header: " << sImagePath << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        if(resizeWidth == 0 || resizeHeight == 0)
        {
            resizeWidth = widths[0]/2;
            resizeHeight = heights[0]/2;
        }

        // image resize
        size_t pitchDesc, pitchResize;
        NppiSize srcSize = { (int)widths[0], (int)heights[0] };
        NppiRect srcRoi = { 0, 0, srcSize.width, srcSize.height };
        NppiSize dstSize = { (int)resizeWidth, (int)resizeHeight };
        NppiRect dstRoi = { 0, 0, dstSize.width, dstSize.height };
        NppiRect srcRoiW = { 0, 0, srcSizeW.width, srcSizeW.height };
        NppStatus st;
        NppStreamContext nppStreamCtx;
        nppStreamCtx.hStream = NULL; // default stream

        // device image buffers.
        nvjpegImage_t imgDesc;
        nvjpegImage_t imgResize;
        nvjpegImage_t imgResizeW;

        if (is_interleaved(oformat))
        {
            pitchDesc = NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT * widths[0];
            pitchResize = NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT * resizeWidth;
        }
        else
        {
            pitchDesc = 3 * widths[0];
            pitchResize = 3 * resizeWidth;
        }

        cudaError_t eCopy = cudaMalloc(&pBuffer, pitchDesc * heights[0]);
        if (cudaSuccess != eCopy)
        {
            std::cerr << "cudaMalloc failed : " << cudaGetErrorString(eCopy) << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        cudaError_t eCopy1 = cudaMalloc(&pResizeBuffer, pitchResize * resizeHeight);
        if (cudaSuccess != eCopy1)
        {
            std::cerr << "cudaMalloc failed : " << cudaGetErrorString(eCopy1) << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        cudaError_t eCopy2 = cudaMalloc(&pResizeBufferW, pitchResize * resizeHeight);
        if (cudaSuccess != eCopy2)
        {
            std::cerr << "cudaMalloc failed : " << cudaGetErrorString(eCopy2) << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }


        imgDesc.channel[0] = pBuffer;
        imgDesc.channel[1] = pBuffer + widths[0] * heights[0];
        imgDesc.channel[2] = pBuffer + widths[0] * heights[0] * 2;
        imgDesc.pitch[0] = (unsigned int)(is_interleaved(oformat) ? widths[0] * NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT : widths[0]);
        imgDesc.pitch[1] = (unsigned int)widths[0];
        imgDesc.pitch[2] = (unsigned int)widths[0];

        imgResize.channel[0] = pResizeBuffer;
        imgResize.channel[1] = pResizeBuffer + resizeWidth * resizeHeight;
        imgResize.channel[2] = pResizeBuffer + resizeWidth * resizeHeight * 2;
        imgResize.pitch[0] = (unsigned int)(is_interleaved(oformat) ? resizeWidth * NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT : resizeWidth);;
        imgResize.pitch[1] = (unsigned int)resizeWidth;
        imgResize.pitch[2] = (unsigned int)resizeWidth;

        imgResizeW.channel[0] = pResizeBufferW;
        imgResizeW.channel[1] = pResizeBufferW + resizeWidth * resizeHeight;
        imgResizeW.channel[2] = pResizeBufferW + resizeWidth * resizeHeight * 2;
        imgResizeW.pitch[0] = (unsigned int)(is_interleaved(oformat) ? resizeWidth * NVJPEG_MAX_COMPONENT : resizeWidth);;
        imgResizeW.pitch[1] = (unsigned int)resizeWidth;
        imgResizeW.pitch[2] = (unsigned int)resizeWidth;

        if (is_interleaved(oformat))
        {
            imgDesc.channel[3] = pBuffer + widths[0] * heights[0] * 3;
            imgDesc.pitch[3] = (unsigned int)widths[0];
            imgResize.channel[3] = pResizeBuffer + resizeWidth * resizeHeight * 3;
            imgResize.pitch[3] = (unsigned int)resizeWidth;
            imgResizeW.channel[3] = pResizeBufferW + resizeWidth * resizeHeight * 3;
            imgResizeW.pitch[3] = (unsigned int)resizeWidth;
        }

        // nvJPEG encoder parameter setting
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsSetQuality(nvjpeg_encode_params, resize_quality, NULL));

#ifdef OPTIMIZED_HUFFMAN  // Optimized Huffman
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsSetOptimizedHuffman(nvjpeg_encode_params, 1, NULL));
#endif
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsSetSamplingFactors(nvjpeg_encode_params, subsampling, NULL));


        // Timing start
        CHECK_CUDA(cudaEventRecord(start, 0));

        //parse image save metadata in jpegStream structure
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegJpegStreamParse(nvjpeg_handle, dpImage, nSize, 1, 0, nvjpeg_jpeg_stream));

        // decode by stages
        nReturnCode = nvjpegDecode(nvjpeg_handle, nvjpeg_decoder_state, dpImage, nSize, oformat, &imgDesc, NULL);
        if(nReturnCode != 0)
        {
            std::cerr << "Error in nvjpegDecode." << nReturnCode << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        // image resize
        /* Note: this is the simplest resizing function from NPP. */
        if (is_interleaved(oformat))
        {
            st = nppiResize_8u_C3R_Ctx(imgDesc.channel[0], imgDesc.pitch[0], srcSize, srcRoi,
                imgResize.channel[0], imgResize.pitch[0], dstSize, dstRoi, NPPI_INTER_LANCZOS, nppStreamCtx);

            st = nppiResize_8u_C3R_Ctx(imgDescW.channel[0], imgDescW.pitch[0], srcSizeW, srcRoiW,
                imgResizeW.channel[0], imgResizeW.pitch[0], dstSize, dstRoi, NPPI_INTER_LANCZOS, nppStreamCtx);

            // Alpha Blending watermarking
            st = nppiAlphaCompC_8u_C3R_Ctx(imgResize.channel[0], imgResize.pitch[0], 255, 
                imgResizeW.channel[0], imgResizeW.pitch[0], ALPHA_BLEND, imgResize.channel[0], imgResize.pitch[0], dstSize, NPPI_OP_ALPHA_PLUS, nppStreamCtx);

        }
        else
        {
            st = nppiResize_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgDesc.channel[0], imgDesc.pitch[0], srcSize, srcRoi,
                imgResize.channel[0], imgResize.pitch[0], dstSize, dstRoi, NPPI_INTER_LANCZOS, nppStreamCtx);
            st = nppiResize_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgDesc.channel[1], imgDesc.pitch[1], srcSize, srcRoi,
                imgResize.channel[1], imgResize.pitch[1], dstSize, dstRoi, NPPI_INTER_LANCZOS, nppStreamCtx);
            st = nppiResize_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgDesc.channel[2], imgDesc.pitch[2], srcSize, srcRoi,
                imgResize.channel[2], imgResize.pitch[2], dstSize, dstRoi, NPPI_INTER_LANCZOS, nppStreamCtx);

            st = nppiResize_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgDescW.channel[0], imgDescW.pitch[0], srcSizeW, srcRoiW,
                imgResizeW.channel[0], imgResizeW.pitch[0], dstSize, dstRoi, NPPI_INTER_LANCZOS, nppStreamCtx);
            st = nppiResize_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgDescW.channel[1], imgDescW.pitch[1], srcSizeW, srcRoiW,
                imgResizeW.channel[1], imgResizeW.pitch[1], dstSize, dstRoi, NPPI_INTER_LANCZOS, nppStreamCtx);
            st = nppiResize_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgDescW.channel[2], imgDescW.pitch[2], srcSizeW, srcRoiW,
                imgResizeW.channel[2], imgResizeW.pitch[2], dstSize, dstRoi, NPPI_INTER_LANCZOS, nppStreamCtx);

            // Alpha Blending watermarking
            st = nppiAlphaCompC_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgResize.channel[0], imgResize.pitch[0], 255,
                imgResizeW.channel[0], imgResizeW.pitch[0], ALPHA_BLEND, imgResize.channel[0], imgResize.pitch[0], dstSize, NPPI_OP_ALPHA_PLUS, nppStreamCtx);

            st = nppiAlphaCompC_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgResize.channel[1], imgResize.pitch[1], 255,
                imgResizeW.channel[1], imgResizeW.pitch[1], ALPHA_BLEND, imgResize.channel[1], imgResize.pitch[1], dstSize, NPPI_OP_ALPHA_PLUS, nppStreamCtx);

            st = nppiAlphaCompC_8u_C1R_Ctx(imgResize.channel[2], imgResize.pitch[2], 255,
                imgResizeW.channel[2], imgResizeW.pitch[2], ALPHA_BLEND, imgResize.channel[2], imgResize.pitch[2], dstSize, NPPI_OP_ALPHA_PLUS, nppStreamCtx);

        }

        if (st != NPP_SUCCESS)
        {
            std::cerr << "NPP resize failed : " << st << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        // get encoding from the jpeg stream and copy it to the encode parameters
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegJpegStreamGetJpegEncoding(nvjpeg_jpeg_stream, &nvjpeg_encoding));
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsSetEncoding(nvjpeg_encode_params, nvjpeg_encoding, NULL));
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsCopyQuantizationTables(nvjpeg_encode_params, nvjpeg_jpeg_stream, NULL));
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsCopyHuffmanTables(nvjpeg_encoder_state, nvjpeg_encode_params, nvjpeg_jpeg_stream, NULL));
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsCopyMetadata(nvjpeg_encoder_state, nvjpeg_encode_params, nvjpeg_jpeg_stream, NULL));

        // encoding the resize data
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncodeImage(nvjpeg_handle,
            nvjpeg_encoder_state,
            nvjpeg_encode_params,
            &imgResize,
            iformat,
            dstSize.width,
            dstSize.height,
            NULL));

        // retrive the encoded bitstream for file writing
        std::vector<unsigned char> obuffer;
        size_t length;
        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncodeRetrieveBitstream(
            nvjpeg_handle,
            nvjpeg_encoder_state,
            NULL,
            &length,
            NULL));

        obuffer.resize(length);

        CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncodeRetrieveBitstream(
            nvjpeg_handle,
            nvjpeg_encoder_state,
            obuffer.data(),
            &length,
            NULL));

        // Timing stop
        CHECK_CUDA(cudaEventRecord(stop, 0));
        CHECK_CUDA(cudaEventSynchronize(stop));

        // file writing
        std::cout << "Resize-width: " << dstSize.width << " Resize-height: " << dstSize.height << std::endl;
        std::string output_filename = sOutputPath + "/" + sFileName + ".jpg";
        char directory[120];
        char mkdir_cmd[256];
        std::string folder = sOutputPath;
        output_filename = folder + "/"+ sFileName +".jpg";
#if !defined(_WIN32)
        sprintf(directory, "%s", folder.c_str());
        sprintf(mkdir_cmd, "mkdir -p %s 2> /dev/null", directory);
#else
        sprintf(directory, "%s", folder.c_str());
        sprintf(mkdir_cmd, "mkdir %s 2> nul", directory);
#endif

        int ret = system(mkdir_cmd);

        std::cout << "Writing JPEG file: " << output_filename << std::endl;
        std::ofstream outputFile(output_filename.c_str(), std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
        outputFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(obuffer.data()), static_cast<int>(length));
    }
    // Free memory
    CHECK_CUDA(cudaFree(pBuffer));
    CHECK_CUDA(cudaFree(pResizeBuffer));

    // get timing
    CHECK_CUDA(cudaEventElapsedTime(&resize_time, start, stop));
    time = (double)resize_time;

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

// *****************************************************************************
// parsing the arguments function
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int processArgs(image_resize_params_t param)
{
    std::string sInputPath(param.input_dir);
    std::string sOutputPath(param.output_dir);
    int resizeWidth = param.width;
    int resizeHeight = param.height;
    int resize_quality = param.quality;

    int error_code = 1;

    double total_time = 0., decode_time = 0.;
    int total_images = 0;

    std::vector<std::string> inputFiles;
    if (readInput(sInputPath, inputFiles))
    {
        return error_code;
    }
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < inputFiles.size(); i++)
    {
        std::string &sFileName = inputFiles[i];
        std::cout << "Processing file: " << sFileName << std::endl;

        int image_error_code = decodeResizeEncodeOneImage(sFileName, sOutputPath, decode_time, resizeWidth, resizeHeight, resize_quality);

        if (image_error_code)
        {
            std::cerr << "Error processing file: " << sFileName << std::endl;
            return image_error_code;
        }
        else
        {
            total_images++;
            total_time += decode_time;
        }
    }

    std::cout << "------------------------------------------------------------- " << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Total images resized: " << total_images << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Total time spent on resizing and watermarking: " << total_time << " (ms)" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Avg time/image: " << total_time/total_images << " (ms)" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "------------------------------------------------------------- " << std::endl;
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

// *****************************************************************************
// main image resize function
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    int pidx;

    if ((pidx = findParamIndex(argv, argc, "-h")) != -1 ||
    (pidx = findParamIndex(argv, argc, "--help")) != -1) {
        std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0]
          << " -i images-dir  [-o output-dir]"
             "[-q jpeg-quality][-rw resize-width ] [-rh resize-height]\n";
        std::cout << "Parameters: " << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\timages-dir\t:\tPath to single image or directory of images" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\toutput-dir\t:\tWrite resized images to this directory [default resize_watermark_output]" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\tJPEG Quality\t:\tUse image quality [default 85]" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\tResize Width\t:\t Resize width [default original_img_width/2]" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\tResize Height\t:\t Resize height [default original_img_height/2]" << std::endl;
        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }

    image_resize_params_t params;

    params.input_dir = "./";
    if ((pidx = findParamIndex(argv, argc, "-i")) != -1) {
    params.input_dir = argv[pidx + 1];
    } else {
    // Search in default paths for input images.
    int found = getInputDir(params.input_dir, argv[0]);
    if (!found)
    {
      std::cout << "Please specify input directory for image resizing"<< std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    }
    if ((pidx = findParamIndex(argv, argc, "-o")) != -1) {
    params.output_dir = argv[pidx + 1];
    } else {
      // by-default write the folder named "output" in cwd
      params.output_dir = "resize_watermark_output";
    }

    params.quality = 85;
    if ((pidx = findParamIndex(argv, argc, "-q")) != -1) {
    params.quality = std::atoi(argv[pidx + 1]);
    }

    params.width = 0;
    if ((pidx = findParamIndex(argv, argc, "-rw")) != -1) {
    params.width = std::atoi(argv[pidx + 1]);
    }

    params.height = 0;
    if ((pidx = findParamIndex(argv, argc, "-rh")) != -1) {
    params.height = std::atoi(argv[pidx + 1]);
    }

    nvjpegDevAllocator_t dev_allocator = {&dev_malloc, &dev_free};
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegCreate(impl, &dev_allocator, &nvjpeg_handle));
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegJpegStateCreate(nvjpeg_handle, &nvjpeg_decoder_state));

    // create bitstream object
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegJpegStreamCreate(nvjpeg_handle, &nvjpeg_jpeg_stream));
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegDecodeParamsCreate(nvjpeg_handle, &nvjpeg_decode_params));
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderStateCreate(nvjpeg_handle, &nvjpeg_encoder_state, NULL));
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsCreate(nvjpeg_handle, &nvjpeg_encode_params, NULL));

    pidx = processArgs(params);

    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderParamsDestroy(nvjpeg_encode_params));
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegDecodeParamsDestroy(nvjpeg_decode_params));
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegEncoderStateDestroy(nvjpeg_encoder_state));
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegJpegStateDestroy(nvjpeg_decoder_state));
    CHECK_NVJPEG(nvjpegDestroy(nvjpeg_handle));
    
    return pidx;
}