diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 26d0ea10dd..2194cd4790 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ repos:
           "--ignore-magic", "--fail-under=99", "--exclude=['setup.py', 'test', 'build', 'docs']",  
           "--ignore-regex=['forward', 'backward', 'reset_parameters', 'extra_repr', 'MetaData', 'apply_activation','exec_activation']", 
           "--color", "--"]
-      exclude: ^modulus/internal/|^examples/
+      exclude: ^modulus/internal/
 
 -   repo: https://github.com/igorshubovych/markdownlint-cli
     rev: v0.35.0
diff --git a/examples/cfd/ahmed_body_mgn/inference.py b/examples/cfd/ahmed_body_mgn/inference.py
index 5dfc1f5f0f..a34dd564c7 100644
--- a/examples/cfd/ahmed_body_mgn/inference.py
+++ b/examples/cfd/ahmed_body_mgn/inference.py
@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ def dgl_to_pyvista(graph: DGLGraph):
 
 
 class AhmedBodyRollout:
+    """MGN inference on Ahmed Body dataset"""
+
     def __init__(self, wb, logger):
         # set device
         self.device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
diff --git a/examples/cfd/darcy_nested_fnos/evaluate_nested_darcy.py b/examples/cfd/darcy_nested_fnos/evaluate_nested_darcy.py
index eabe6851b9..212abc6878 100644
--- a/examples/cfd/darcy_nested_fnos/evaluate_nested_darcy.py
+++ b/examples/cfd/darcy_nested_fnos/evaluate_nested_darcy.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 
 def plot_assembled(perm, darc):
+    """Utility for plotting"""
     headers = ["permeability", "darcy"]
     plt.rcParams.update({"font.size": 28})
     fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(15 * 2, 15), sharey=True)
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ def EvaluateModel(
     parent_result: FloatTensor = None,
     log: PythonLogger = None,
 ):
+    """Utility for running inference on trained model"""
     # define model and load weights
     dist = DistributedManager()
     log.info(f"evaluating model {model_name}")
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ def forward_eval(invars):
 
 
 def AssembleSolutionToDict(cfg: DictConfig, perm: dict, darcy: dict, pos: dict):
+    """Assemble solution to easily interpretable dict"""
     dat, idx = {}, 0
     for ii in range(perm["ref0"].shape[0]):
         samp = str(ii)
@@ -142,6 +145,7 @@ def AssembleSolutionToDict(cfg: DictConfig, perm: dict, darcy: dict, pos: dict):
 
 
 def AssembleToSingleField(cfg: DictConfig, dat: dict):
+    """Assemble multiple fields to a single dict"""
     ref_fac = cfg.ref_fac
     glob_size = dat["0"]["ref0"]["0"]["darcy"].shape[0]
     inset_size = dat["0"]["ref1"]["0"]["darcy"].shape[0]
@@ -175,6 +179,7 @@ def AssembleToSingleField(cfg: DictConfig, dat: dict):
 
 
 def GetRelativeL2(pred, tar):
+    """Compute L2 error"""
     div = 1.0 / tar["darcy"].shape[0] * tar["darcy"].shape[1]
     err = pred["darcy"] - tar["darcy"]
 
@@ -185,6 +190,7 @@ def GetRelativeL2(pred, tar):
 
 
 def ComputeErrorNorm(cfg: DictConfig, pred_dict: dict, log: PythonLogger, ref0_pred):
+    """Compute relative L2-norm of error"""
     # assemble ref1 and ref2 solutions alongside gound truth to single scalar field
     log.info("computing relative L2-norm of error...")
     tar_dict = np.load(cfg.inference.inference_set, allow_pickle=True).item()["fields"]
diff --git a/examples/cfd/gray_scott_rnn/gray_scott_rnn.py b/examples/cfd/gray_scott_rnn/gray_scott_rnn.py
index 04cfd8da37..1b922f23f3 100644
--- a/examples/cfd/gray_scott_rnn/gray_scott_rnn.py
+++ b/examples/cfd/gray_scott_rnn/gray_scott_rnn.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ def prepare_data(
     predict_nr_tsteps,
     start_timestep,
 ):
+    """Data pre-processing"""
     if Path(output_data_path).is_file():
         pass
     else:
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ def prepare_data(
 
 
 def validation_step(model, dataloader, epoch):
+    """Validation Step"""
     model.eval()
 
     for data in dataloader:
@@ -89,6 +91,8 @@ def validation_step(model, dataloader, epoch):
 
 
 class HDF5MapStyleDataset(Dataset):
+    """Simple map-stype HDF5 dataset"""
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         file_path,
diff --git a/examples/cfd/navier_stokes_rnn/navier_stokes_rnn.py b/examples/cfd/navier_stokes_rnn/navier_stokes_rnn.py
index 3045cda368..9b233ccf8b 100644
--- a/examples/cfd/navier_stokes_rnn/navier_stokes_rnn.py
+++ b/examples/cfd/navier_stokes_rnn/navier_stokes_rnn.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ def prepare_data(
     start_idx,
     num_samples,
 ):
+    """Data pre-processing"""
     if Path(output_data_path).is_file():
         pass
     else:
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ def prepare_data(
 
 
 def validation_step(model, dataloader, epoch):
+    """Validation step"""
     model.eval()
 
     loss_epoch = 0
@@ -99,6 +101,8 @@ def validation_step(model, dataloader, epoch):
 
 
 class HDF5MapStyleDataset(Dataset):
+    """Simple map-style HDF5 dataset"""
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         file_path,
diff --git a/examples/generative/diffusion/utils.py b/examples/generative/diffusion/utils.py
index 2d0c00d502..5b0241c986 100644
--- a/examples/generative/diffusion/utils.py
+++ b/examples/generative/diffusion/utils.py
@@ -552,6 +552,7 @@ def open_url(
 
 
 def constant(value, shape=None, dtype=None, device=None, memory_format=None):
+    """Cached construction of constant tensors"""
     value = np.asarray(value)
     if shape is not None:
         shape = tuple(shape)
@@ -591,6 +592,7 @@ def constant(value, shape=None, dtype=None, device=None, memory_format=None):
     def nan_to_num(
         input, nan=0.0, posinf=None, neginf=None, *, out=None
     ):  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+        """Replace NaN/Inf with specified numerical values"""
         assert isinstance(input, torch.Tensor)
         if posinf is None:
             posinf = torch.finfo(input.dtype).max
@@ -617,6 +619,10 @@ def nan_to_num(
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def suppress_tracer_warnings():
+    """
+    Context manager to temporarily suppress known warnings in torch.jit.trace().
+    Note: Cannot use catch_warnings because of https://bugs.python.org/issue29672
+    """
     flt = ("ignore", None, torch.jit.TracerWarning, None, 0)
     warnings.filters.insert(0, flt)
     yield
@@ -630,6 +636,11 @@ def suppress_tracer_warnings():
 
 
 def assert_shape(tensor, ref_shape):
+    """
+    Assert that the shape of a tensor matches the given list of integers.
+    None indicates that the size of a dimension is allowed to vary.
+    Performs symbolic assertion when used in torch.jit.trace().
+    """
     if tensor.ndim != len(ref_shape):
         raise AssertionError(
             f"Wrong number of dimensions: got {tensor.ndim}, expected {len(ref_shape)}"
@@ -660,6 +671,8 @@ def assert_shape(tensor, ref_shape):
 
 
 def profiled_function(fn):
+    """Function decorator that calls torch.autograd.profiler.record_function()."""
+
     def decorator(*args, **kwargs):
         with torch.autograd.profiler.record_function(fn.__name__):
             return fn(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -674,6 +687,11 @@ def decorator(*args, **kwargs):
 
 
 class InfiniteSampler(torch.utils.data.Sampler):
+    """
+    Sampler for torch.utils.data.DataLoader that loops over the dataset
+    indefinitely, shuffling items as it goes.
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self, dataset, rank=0, num_replicas=1, shuffle=True, seed=0, window_size=0.5
     ):
@@ -714,17 +732,20 @@ def __iter__(self):
 
 
 def params_and_buffers(module):
+    """Get parameters and buffers of a nn.Module"""
     assert isinstance(module, torch.nn.Module)
     return list(module.parameters()) + list(module.buffers())
 
 
 def named_params_and_buffers(module):
+    """Get named parameters and buffers of a nn.Module"""
     assert isinstance(module, torch.nn.Module)
     return list(module.named_parameters()) + list(module.named_buffers())
 
 
 @torch.no_grad()
 def copy_params_and_buffers(src_module, dst_module, require_all=False):
+    """Copy parameters and buffers from a source module to target module"""
     assert isinstance(src_module, torch.nn.Module)
     assert isinstance(dst_module, torch.nn.Module)
     src_tensors = dict(named_params_and_buffers(src_module))
@@ -741,6 +762,10 @@ def copy_params_and_buffers(src_module, dst_module, require_all=False):
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def ddp_sync(module, sync):
+    """
+    Context manager for easily enabling/disabling DistributedDataParallel
+    synchronization.
+    """
     assert isinstance(module, torch.nn.Module)
     if sync or not isinstance(module, torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel):
         yield
@@ -754,6 +779,7 @@ def ddp_sync(module, sync):
 
 
 def check_ddp_consistency(module, ignore_regex=None):
+    """Check DistributedDataParallel consistency across processes."""
     assert isinstance(module, torch.nn.Module)
     for name, tensor in named_params_and_buffers(module):
         fullname = type(module).__name__ + "." + name
@@ -772,6 +798,7 @@ def check_ddp_consistency(module, ignore_regex=None):
 
 
 def print_module_summary(module, inputs, max_nesting=3, skip_redundant=True):
+    """Print summary table of module hierarchy."""
     assert isinstance(module, torch.nn.Module)
     assert not isinstance(module, torch.jit.ScriptModule)
     assert isinstance(inputs, (tuple, list))
diff --git a/examples/weather/dataset_download/era5_mirror.py b/examples/weather/dataset_download/era5_mirror.py
index 21da16dca2..dbcc04988a 100644
--- a/examples/weather/dataset_download/era5_mirror.py
+++ b/examples/weather/dataset_download/era5_mirror.py
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ def __init__(self, base_path: str, fs: fsspec.AbstractFileSystem = None):
         self.metadata = self.get_metadata()
 
     def get_metadata(self):
+        """Get metadata"""
         if self.fs.exists(self.metadata_file):
             with self.fs.open(self.metadata_file, "r") as f:
                 try:
@@ -69,10 +70,12 @@ def get_metadata(self):
         return metadata
 
     def save_metadata(self):
+        """Save metadata"""
         with self.fs.open(self.metadata_file, "w") as f:
             json.dump(self.metadata, f)
 
     def chunk_exists(self, variable, year, month, hours, pressure_level):
+        """Check if chunk exists"""
         for chunk in self.metadata["chunks"]:
             if (
                 chunk["variable"] == variable
@@ -155,6 +158,7 @@ def download_chunk(
         return ds
 
     def variable_to_zarr_name(self, variable: str, pressure_level: int = None):
+        """convert variable to zarr name"""
         # create zarr path for variable
         zarr_path = f"{self.base_path}/{variable}"
         if pressure_level:
diff --git a/examples/weather/graphcast/train_base.py b/examples/weather/graphcast/train_base.py
index e54674314a..314c713a21 100644
--- a/examples/weather/graphcast/train_base.py
+++ b/examples/weather/graphcast/train_base.py
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 
 
 class BaseTrainer:
+    """Trainer class"""
+
     def __init__(self):
         pass
 
diff --git a/examples/weather/graphcast/train_graphcast.py b/examples/weather/graphcast/train_graphcast.py
index 2c0e28dd40..0fa4f9080a 100644
--- a/examples/weather/graphcast/train_graphcast.py
+++ b/examples/weather/graphcast/train_graphcast.py
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@
 
 
 class GraphCastTrainer(BaseTrainer):
+    """GraphCast Trainer"""
+
     def __init__(self, wb, dist, rank_zero_logger):
         super().__init__()
         self.dist = dist
diff --git a/examples/weather/graphcast/validation.py b/examples/weather/graphcast/validation.py
index 5eca7b8193..b11605c054 100644
--- a/examples/weather/graphcast/validation.py
+++ b/examples/weather/graphcast/validation.py
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 
 class Validation:
+    """Run validation on GraphCast model"""
+
     def __init__(self, model, dtype, dist, wb):
         self.model = model
         self.dtype = dtype