diff --git a/include/nil/crypto3/pubkey/blinding.hpp b/include/nil/crypto3/pubkey/blinding.hpp
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+++ b/include/nil/crypto3/pubkey/blinding.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+// Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Mikhail Komarov <nemo@nil.foundation>
+//
+// MIT License
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+
+#ifndef CRYPTO3_PUBKEY_BLINDER_HPP
+#define CRYPTO3_PUBKEY_BLINDER_HPP
+
+#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/number.hpp>
+#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/modular_reduce.hpp>
+
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace nil {
+    namespace crypto3 {
+        namespace pubkey {
+
+            using namespace nil::crypto3::multiprecision;
+
+            template<typename Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+            number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> blind(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &x,
+                                                       const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &modulus) {
+            }
+
+            template<typename Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, typename ModularExponentiator>
+            number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> blind(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &x,
+                                                       const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &modulus,
+                                                       const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &nonce,
+                                                       const ModularExponentiator &exp) {
+            }
+
+            template<typename Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+            number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> unblind(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &x,
+                                                         const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &modulus) {
+            }
+
+            template<typename Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, typename ModularInverter>
+            number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> unblind(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &x,
+                                                         const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &modulus,
+                                                         const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &nonce,
+                                                         const ModularInverter &exp) {
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Blinding Function Object.
+             */
+            class blinder final {
+            public:
+                /**
+                 * Blind a value.
+                 * The blinding nonce k is freshly generated after
+                 * CRYPTO3_BLINDING_REINIT_INTERVAL calls to blind().
+                 * CRYPTO3_BLINDING_REINIT_INTERVAL = 0 means a fresh
+                 * nonce is only generated once. On every other call,
+                 * an updated nonce is used for blinding: k' = k*k mod n.
+                 * @param x value to blind
+                 * @return blinded value
+                 */
+                number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> blind(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &x) const {
+                    if (!m_reducer.initialized()) {
+                        throw Exception("blinder not initialized, cannot blind");
+                    }
+
+                    ++m_counter;
+
+                    if ((CRYPTO3_BLINDING_REINIT_INTERVAL > 0) && (m_counter > CRYPTO3_BLINDING_REINIT_INTERVAL)) {
+                        const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> k = blinding_nonce();
+                        m_e = m_fwd_fn(k);
+                        m_d = m_inv_fn(k);
+                        m_counter = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        m_e = m_reducer.square(m_e);
+                        m_d = m_reducer.square(m_d);
+                    }
+
+                    return m_reducer.multiply(i, m_e);
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Unblind a value.
+                 * @param x value to unblind
+                 * @return unblinded value
+                 */
+                number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> unblind(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &x) const {
+                    if (!m_reducer.initialized()) {
+                        throw Exception("blinder not initialized, cannot unblind");
+                    }
+
+                    return m_reducer.multiply(i, m_d);
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * @param modulus the modulus
+                 * @param rng the RNG to use for generating the nonce
+                 * @param fwd_func a function that calculates the modular
+                 * exponentiation of the public exponent and the given value (the nonce)
+                 * @param inv_func a function that calculates the modular inverse
+                 * of the given value (the nonce)
+                 */
+                blinder(
+                    const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &modulus, random_number_generator &rng,
+                    std::function<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &)>
+                        fwd_func,
+                    std::function<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &)>
+                        inv_func) :
+                    m_reducer(modulus),
+                    m_rng(rng), m_fwd_fn(fwd), m_inv_fn(inv),
+                    m_modulus_bits(modulus.bits()), m_e {}, m_d {}, m_counter {} {
+                    const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> k = blinding_nonce();
+                    m_e = m_fwd_fn(k);
+                    m_d = m_inv_fn(k);
+                }
+
+                blinder(const blinder &) = delete;
+
+                blinder &operator=(const blinder &) = delete;
+
+                random_number_generator &rng() const {
+                    return m_rng;
+                }
+
+            private:
+                number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> blinding_nonce() const {
+                    return number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(m_rng, m_modulus_bits - 1);
+                }
+
+                modular_reducer m_reducer;
+                random_number_generator &m_rng;
+                std::function<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &)>
+                    m_fwd_fn;
+                std::function<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> &)>
+                    m_inv_fn;
+                size_t m_modulus_bits = 0;
+
+                mutable number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> m_e, m_d;
+                mutable size_t m_counter = 0;
+            };
+        }    // namespace pubkey
+    }        // namespace crypto3
+}    // namespace nil
+
+#endif