The Pipeline Refinement module bundles a method duo that builds a clean and clever pure-Ruby solution to rightward method piping.

A reminder that Refinement modules are activated with using and last only for that module/class block or file (if top-level). See: refinements.rdoc (on docs.ruby-lang.org)

Synopsis Example

Here’s the example from Kernel#then straight off the Ruby 3.2 docs:

require 'open-uri'
require 'json'

construct_url(arguments).
  then {|url| URI(url).read }.
  then {|response| JSON.parse(response) }

With the new Refinement active: (Oh gosh, this looks like a brand-new language!)

using Pipeline

arguments.then_pipe(
  `construct_url`,
  `URI`,
  :read,
  JSON.`:parse
)

Walkthrough Introduction

We traditionally pipe methods leftwards as nesting arguments:

def parse(string) = …
do_stuff = ->(a){ … }

# This is even more incomprehensible if omitting round parentheses (poetry mode)
STDOUT.puts(     # different-scope method
  do_stuff.call( # Proc
    parse(       # same-scope method
      input
    )
  )
)

The trending Rightward Operations improve readability – especially for wordy expressions like the above – by matching English’s left-to-right writing direction. We currently accomplish this with Object#then and light-weight Procs:

input
  .then { parse _1 }
  .then { do_stuff.call _1 }
  .then { STDOUT.puts _1 }

We alternatively can deconstruct the corresponding #to_proc objects with &:

# heck, these `method` calls can't even go poetry mode
input
  .then(&method(:parse))
  .then(&do_stuff)
  .then(&STDOUT.method(:puts))

The Refinement module Pipeline introduces Object#then_pipe to eliminate repeating then(&…). It gives a beautiful vibe similar to that of the Pipe Operator |> in some other languages (namely Elixir).

using Pipeline

input.then_pipe(
  method(:parse),
  do_stuff,
  STDOUT.method(:puts)
)

However, unlike Lisp-1 languages like Python or JavaScript, Lisp-2s like Ruby face the additional challenge of namespace disambiguation. Ruby solves it with the reflection methods method & co., but, as seen above, their verbosity makes them eyesores inside otherwise elegant syntax. Therefore, Pipeline further improves the grammar by replacing the `…` syntax (powered by Kernel#`) with an alias of the bulky Object#method:

using Pipeline

input.then_pipe(
  `parse`,
  do_stuff,
  STDOUT.`:puts
)

Why #`?

• It is the backend of both `…` and %x{…} syntaxes – self.`:meth can instead be %x:meth: or `meth`.
• A Ruby script is not (strictly) a Shell script. User system differences aside, summoning subshells should be the last resort when there are no Ruby/Gem APIs. Dedicating the ` char to subshells is a waste; e.g., you typically see $(…) in bash rather than `…`. Pipeline assigns #` a new and recurrent purpose; it also aliases the original Kernel#` to Object#sys in the event of its preference.

Limitations

• The new #` ignores method visibilities (private or protected).
  • This is a Ruby limitation – one can bypass visibilities with Object#method and Method#call regardless of this Refinement. A security engineer would love reflection APIs that respect visibilities.
  • The original design for the new #` was to match Object#public_method, but it couldn’t retrieve oneself’s own private and protected methods.
• #then_pipe cannot pass additional arguments at each step.
  • The current Object#then-based solution is as good as it can get – There are no syntactical benefits to avoid a block while calling rightwards. Hey, unlike #then_pipe, it welcomes (inner) blocks.

    # a lambda – a Proc with fixed arities, unlike regula-o’ procs (or blocks)
    do_stuff = ->(a, o, z){ … }
    
    # This essentially wraps `do_stuff` in a one-arg block (as in F#).
    # The `_1` resembles Hack’s special pipe variable `$$`.
    o.then { do_stuff.(a, _1, z) }
    # The previous, adapted for `then_pipe`
    o.then_pipe ->{ do_stuff.(a, _1, z) }
    # Pure-rightward solution
    [a, o, b].then { do_stuff.(*_1) }

Miniblog: My insights on a Pipeline Operator for Ruby

https://gist.github.com/ParadoxV5/4f563e609decbdac07d40e5f2dead751

License

Copyright (c) 2023 ParadoxV5

Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0