Abstraction is the process of simplifying complex systems by focusing on essential features while ignoring irrelevant details. In OOP, abstraction is achieved through classes and interfaces. A class is a blueprint for creating objects, while an interface defines a set of methods that a class must implement.
Here's an example of a class in Python:
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name, species):
self.name = name
self.species = species
def speak(self):
pass
In this example, we define a class called Animal. The init method is a constructor that initializes the object's name and species attributes. The speak method is empty, representing a common behavior of all animals.