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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN" data-theme="light"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"><title>微信小程序知识点（二） | 小李の博客</title><meta name="keywords" content="小程序,前端"><meta name="author" content="Pride_Lee"><meta name="copyright" content="Pride_Lee"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><meta name="description" content="微信小程序知识点二">
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fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">微信小程序知识点（二）</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-11-28T12:13:10.000Z" title="发表于 2022-11-28 20:13:10">2022-11-28</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-11-28T16:55:16.440Z" title="更新于 2022-11-29 00:55:16">2022-11-29</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/">前端</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%98/">面试题</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">3.3k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>12分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="微信小程序知识点（二）"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h2 id="小程序数据绑定"><a href="#小程序数据绑定" class="headerlink" title="小程序数据绑定"></a>小程序数据绑定</h2><h3 id="定义数据"><a href="#定义数据" class="headerlink" title="定义数据"></a>定义数据</h3><ul>
<li><p>在 data 中定义数据</p>
<blockquote>
<p>在页面对应的 .js 文件中，把数据定义到data对象中即可</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>在 WXML 中使用数据</p>
<blockquote>
<p>把data中的数据绑定到页面中渲染，使用 Mustache 语法（双大括号）将变量包起来即可。</p>
<p><view> </view></p>
<p>图片的src属性也可以使用 Mustache 语法</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="title class_">Page</span>({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">data</span>:{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">imgSrc</span>:<span class="string">'http://xxxxxxx.png'</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//页面结构如下</span></span><br><span class="line"><image src=<span class="string">"{{imgSrc}}"</span>></image></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="事件绑定"><a href="#事件绑定" class="headerlink" title="事件绑定"></a>事件绑定</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">类型</th>
<th align="center">绑定方式</th>
<th align="center">事件描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">tap</td>
<td align="center">bindtap 或 bind:tap</td>
<td align="center">手指触摸后马上离开，类似HTML中 click 点击事件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">input</td>
<td align="center">bindinput 或 bind:input</td>
<td align="center">文本框的输入事件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">change</td>
<td align="center">bindchange 或 bind:change</td>
<td align="center">状态改变时触发</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="事件对象的属性列表"><a href="#事件对象的属性列表" class="headerlink" title="事件对象的属性列表"></a>事件对象的属性列表</h3><blockquote>
<p>当事件回调触发的时候，会收到一个事件对象 event ，它的详细属性如下表所示：</p>
</blockquote>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">属性</th>
<th align="center">类型</th>
<th align="center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">type</td>
<td align="center">string</td>
<td align="center">事件类型</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">timeStamp</td>
<td align="center">integer</td>
<td align="center">页面打开到触发事件所经过的毫秒数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><em><strong>target</strong></em></td>
<td align="center">Object</td>
<td align="center"><em><strong>触发事件的组件的一些属性值集合</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">currentTarget</td>
<td align="center">Object</td>
<td align="center">当前组件的一些属性值集合</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><strong>detail</strong></td>
<td align="center">Object</td>
<td align="center"><strong>额外的信息</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">touches</td>
<td align="center">Array</td>
<td align="center">触摸事件，当前停留在屏幕中的触摸点信息的数组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">changedTouches</td>
<td align="center">Array</td>
<td align="center">触摸事件，当前变化的触摸点信息的数组</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="target-和-currentTarget的区别"><a href="#target-和-currentTarget的区别" class="headerlink" title="target 和 currentTarget的区别"></a>target 和 currentTarget的区别</h3><blockquote>
<p>target是触发该事件的源头组件，而currentTarget 则是当前事件所绑定的组件。</p>
<p><img src="https://s1.ax1x.com/2022/11/28/zagFyt.png" alt="事件"></p>
<p>点击内部的按钮时，点击事件以冒泡的方式向外扩散，也会触发外层view的tap事件处理函数。</p>
<p>此时对于外层的view来说：</p>
<p>e.target指向的是触发事件的源头组件，因此，e.target是内部的按钮组件<br>e.currentTarget指向的是当前正在触发事件的那个组件，因此，e.currentTarget是当前的view组件</p>
<p>大白话来说：因为点了button按钮，然后向上冒泡才执行了bindtap，源头是button。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="bindtap的语法格式"><a href="#bindtap的语法格式" class="headerlink" title="bindtap的语法格式"></a>bindtap的语法格式</h3><p>在小程序中，不存在HTML中的onclick鼠标点击事件，而是通过tap事件来响应用户的触摸行为。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>通过bindtap,可以为组件绑定tap触摸事件，语法如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">button</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"primary"</span> <span class="attr">bindtap</span>=<span class="string">"btnTapHandler"</span>></span> 按钮 <span class="tag"></<span class="name">button</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>在页面的js文件中定义对应的事件处理函数，事件参数通过形参event(一般简写成e)来接收：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="title class_">Page</span>({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">btnTapHandler</span>(<span class="params">e</span>){ <span class="comment">//按钮的tap事件处理函数</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(e) <span class="comment">//事件参数对象 e</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="在事件处理函数中为-data-中的数据赋值"><a href="#在事件处理函数中为-data-中的数据赋值" class="headerlink" title="在事件处理函数中为 data 中的数据赋值"></a>在事件处理函数中为 data 中的数据赋值</h3><p>通过调用this.setData(dataObject)方法，可以给页面data中的数据重新赋值，示例如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Page({</span><br><span class="line"> data:{</span><br><span class="line"> count:0</span><br><span class="line">},</span><br><span class="line">//修改count的值</span><br><span class="line">changeCount(){</span><br><span class="line"> this.setData({</span><br><span class="line"> count:this.data.count 1</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="事件传参"><a href="#事件传参" class="headerlink" title="事件传参"></a>事件传参</h3><p>小程序中的事件传参比较特殊，不能在绑定事件的同时为事件处理函数传递参数。例如，下面的代码将不能正常工作：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">button</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"primary"</span> <span class="attr">bindtap</span>=<span class="string">'btnHandler(123)'</span>></span>事件传参<span class="tag"></<span class="name">button</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>因为小程序会把bindtap的属性值，统一当作事件名称来处理，相当于要调用一个名称为btnHandler(123)的事件处理函数。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>可以为组件提供data-* 自定义属性传参，其中*代表的是参数的名字，示例代码如下：</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">button</span> <span class="attr">bindtap</span>=<span class="string">"btnHandler"</span><span class="attr">data-info</span>=<span class="string">"{{2}}"</span>></span>事件传参<span class="tag"></<span class="name">button</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>最终：</p>
<ul>
<li>info 会被解析为 参数的名字</li>
<li>数值 2 会被解析为参数的值</li>
</ul>
<p>在事件处理函数中，通过event.target.dataset..参数名即可获取到具体参数的值，示例代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="title function_">btnHandler</span>(<span class="params">event</span>){</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//dataset是一个对象，包含了所有通过data-*传递过来的参数项</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(event.<span class="property">target</span>.<span class="property">dataset</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//通过dataset可以访问到具体参数的值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(event.<span class="property">target</span>.<span class="property">dataset</span>.<span class="property">info</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="bindinput语法"><a href="#bindinput语法" class="headerlink" title="bindinput语法"></a>bindinput语法</h3><p>在小程序中，通过input事件来响应文本框的输入事件，语法格式如下：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>通过bindinput,可以为文本框绑定输入事件：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">bindinput</span>=<span class="string">"inputHandler"</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="name">input</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>在页面的jS文件中定义事件处理函数：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="title function_">inputHandler</span>(<span class="params">e</span>){</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//e.detail.value是变化过后，文本框最新的值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(e.<span class="property">detail</span>.<span class="property">value</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="文本框和-data-数据同步"><a href="#文本框和-data-数据同步" class="headerlink" title="文本框和 data 数据同步"></a>文本框和 data 数据同步</h3><ol>
<li><p>定义数据</p>
</li>
<li><p>渲染结构</p>
</li>
<li><p>绑定input事件处理函数</p>
<p>代码如下：</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><input value="{{msg}}"bindinput="inputHandler"></input></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//文本框内容改变的事件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">iptHandler</span>(<span class="params">e</span>){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="title function_">setData</span>({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//通过e.detail.value获取到文本框最新的值</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">msg</span>:e.<span class="property">detail</span>.<span class="property">value</span></span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="条件渲染"><a href="#条件渲染" class="headerlink" title="条件渲染"></a>条件渲染</h2><p>在小程序中，使用wx:if=”{condition}”来判断是否需要渲染该代码块：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span> <span class="attr">wx:if</span>=<span class="string">"{{condition}}"</span>></span>True <span class="tag"></<span class="name">view</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>也可以用 wx:elif 和 wx:else 来添加else判断</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span> <span class="attr">wx:if</span>=<span class="string">"{{type ==1}}"</span>></span> 男 <span class="tag"></<span class="name">view</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span> <span class="attr">wx:elif</span>=<span class="string">"{{type ==2}}"</span>></span> 女 <span class="tag"></<span class="name">view</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span> <span class="attr">wx:else</span>></span> 保密 <view</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="结合-lt-block-gt-使用-wx-if"><a href="#结合-lt-block-gt-使用-wx-if" class="headerlink" title="结合 < block > 使用 wx:if"></a>结合 < block > 使用 wx:if</h3><p>如果要一次性控制多个组件的展示与隐藏，可以使用一个<block></block>标签将多个组件包装起来，并在< block >标签上使用 wx:if 控制属性，示例如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">block</span> <span class="attr">wx:if</span>=<span class="string">"{{true}}"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span>></span>view1 <span class="tag"></<span class="name">view</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span>></span>view2 <span class="tag"></<span class="name">view</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">block</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>注意：< block >并不是一个组件，它只是一个包裹性质的容器，不会在页面中做任何渲染，我们只会看到view。</p>
<h3 id="hidden"><a href="#hidden" class="headerlink" title="hidden"></a>hidden</h3><p>在小程序中，直接使用hidden=”“也能控制元素的显示与隐藏：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span> <span class="attr">hidden</span>=<span class="string">"{{condition}}"</span>></span>条件为true陷藏，条件为false显示<span class="tag"></<span class="name">view</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="wx-if-与-hidden-的对比"><a href="#wx-if-与-hidden-的对比" class="headerlink" title="wx:if 与 hidden 的对比"></a>wx:if 与 hidden 的对比</h3><ol>
<li>运行方式不同<ul>
<li>wx:if 以 <strong>动态创建和移除元素</strong> 的方式，控制元素的展示与隐藏</li>
<li>hidden <strong>以切换样式</strong>的方式（display: none/block;）控制元素的显示与隐藏</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>使用建议<ul>
<li>频繁切换时，建议使用hidden</li>
<li>控制条件复杂时，建议使用wx:if搭配wx:elif、wx:else进行展示与隐藏的切换</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="列表渲染"><a href="#列表渲染" class="headerlink" title="列表渲染"></a>列表渲染</h2><h3 id="wx-for"><a href="#wx-for" class="headerlink" title="wx:for"></a>wx:for</h3><p>通过wx:for可以根据指定的数组，循环渲染重复的组件结构，语法示例如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span> <span class="attr">wx:for</span>=<span class="string">"{{array}}"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line">索引是：{{index}} 当前项是：{{item}}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">view</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="手动指定索引和当前项的变量名"><a href="#手动指定索引和当前项的变量名" class="headerlink" title="手动指定索引和当前项的变量名"></a>手动指定索引和当前项的变量名</h3><ul>
<li>使用 wx:for-index 可以指定<strong>当前循环项的索引</strong>的变量名</li>
<li>使用 wx:for-item 可以指定当前项的变量名</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">view</span> <span class="attr">wx:for</span>=<span class="string">"{{array}}"</span> <span class="attr">wx:for-index</span>=<span class="string">"idx” wx:for-item="</span><span class="attr">itemName</span>"></span></span><br><span class="line"> 索引是：{{idx}} 当前项是：{{itemName}}</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">view</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="wx-key的使用"><a href="#wx-key的使用" class="headerlink" title="wx:key的使用"></a>wx:key的使用</h3><p>类似于Vue 列表渲染中的 :key，小程序在实现列表渲染时，也建议为渲染出来的列表项指定唯一的key值,<br>从而提高渲染的效率，示例代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// data 数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">data</span>:{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">userList</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> {<span class="attr">id</span>:<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="attr">name</span>:<span class="string">'小红’},</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> {id:2, name：'</span>小黄’},</span><br><span class="line"> {<span class="attr">id</span>:<span class="number">3</span>，<span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">'小白’}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> ]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> // wxml 结构</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> <view wx:for="{{userList}}" wx:key="id">{{item.name}}</view></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="WXSS"><a href="#WXSS" class="headerlink" title="WXSS"></a>WXSS</h2><h3 id="WXSS-和-CSS的关系"><a href="#WXSS-和-CSS的关系" class="headerlink" title="WXSS 和 CSS的关系"></a>WXSS 和 CSS的关系</h3><p>WXSS具有CSS大部分特性，同时，WXSS还对CSS进行了扩充以及修改，以适应微信小程序的开发。</p>
<p>与CSS相比，WXSS 扩展的特性有:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>rpx尺寸单位</p>
<blockquote>
<p>rpx(responsive pixel）是微信小程序独有的，用来解决屏适配的尺寸单位。</p>
<p>原理：把所有设备的屏幕在宽度上等分为750份，小程序在不同设备上运行的时候，会自动把rpx的样式单位换算成对应的像素单位来渲染。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>@import样式导入</p>
<blockquote>
<p>@import 后跟需要导入的外联样式表的相对路径，用；表示语句结束。示例如下:</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**比如有一个common.wxss**/</span></span><br><span class="line">-------</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**在app.wxss中**/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@import</span> ”common.wxss“;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**注意要用分号结尾**/</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.middle-p</span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">padding</span>:<span class="number">15px</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="全局样式、局部样式"><a href="#全局样式、局部样式" class="headerlink" title="全局样式、局部样式"></a>全局样式、局部样式</h3><ol>
<li><p>全局样式</p>
<blockquote>
<p>定义在 app.wxss 中的样式为全局样式，作用于每一个页面。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>在页面的.Wxss文件中定义的样式为局部样式，只作用于当前页面。</p>
<p>① 当局部样式和全局样式冲突时，根据就近原则，局部样式会覆盖全局样式<br>② 当局部样式的权重大于或等于全局样式的权重时，才会覆盖全局的样式</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="全局配置"><a href="#全局配置" class="headerlink" title="全局配置"></a>全局配置</h2><h3 id="全局配置文件"><a href="#全局配置文件" class="headerlink" title="全局配置文件"></a>全局配置文件</h3><p>小程序根目录下的 app.json 文件是小程序的全局配置文件。常用的配置项如下:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>pages</p>
<p>记录当前小程序所有页面的存放路径</p>
</li>
<li><p>window</p>
<p>全局设置小程序窗口的外观</p>
</li>
<li><p>tabBar</p>
<p>设置小程序底部的 tabBar 效果</p>
</li>
<li><p>style</p>
<p>是否启用新版的组件样式</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="window节点常用配置"><a href="#window节点常用配置" class="headerlink" title="window节点常用配置"></a>window节点常用配置</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>属性名</th>
<th>类型</th>
<th>默认值</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>navigationBarTitleText</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>字符串</td>
<td>导航栏标题文字内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>navigationBarBackgroundColor</td>
<td>HexColor</td>
<td>#000000</td>
<td>导航栏背景颜色，如#000000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>navigationBarTextStyle</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>white</td>
<td>导航栏标题颜色，仅支持 black/ white</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>backgroundColor</td>
<td>HexColor</td>
<td>#ffffff</td>
<td>窗口的背景色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>backgroundTextStyle</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>dark</td>
<td>下拉loading 的样式，仅支持 dark / light</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>enablePullDownRefresh</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>false</td>
<td>是否全局开启下拉刷新</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onReachBottomDistance</td>
<td>Number</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>页面上拉触底事件触发时距页面底部距离，单位为px</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="模拟器的问题"><a href="#模拟器的问题" class="headerlink" title="模拟器的问题"></a>模拟器的问题</h3><p>模拟器会有bug，并不能百分百还原手机上的效果，以真机为准。</p>
<h3 id="上拉触底的距离"><a href="#上拉触底的距离" class="headerlink" title="上拉触底的距离"></a>上拉触底的距离</h3><blockquote>
<p>概念：上拉触底是移动端的专有名词，通过手指在屏幕上的上拉滑动操作，从而加载更多数据的行为。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>设置步骤：app.json -> window -> 为 onReachBottomDistance设置新的数值</p>
<p>注意：默认距离为50px，如果没有特殊需求，建议使用默认值即可。</p>
<h3 id="tabBar"><a href="#tabBar" class="headerlink" title="tabBar"></a>tabBar</h3><p>tabBar是移动端应用常见的页面效果，用于实现多页面的快速切换。小程序中通常将其分为：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>底部 tabBar</p>
</li>
<li><p>顶部 tabBar</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>tabBar中只能配置最少2个、最多5个tab页签。当渲染顶部 tabBar 时，不显示icon，只显示文本</p>
<h3 id="tabBar的6个组成部分"><a href="#tabBar的6个组成部分" class="headerlink" title="tabBar的6个组成部分"></a>tabBar的6个组成部分</h3><ul>
<li>backgroundColor:tabBar 的背景色</li>
<li>selectedlconPath：选中时的图片路径</li>
<li>borderStyle:tabBar上边框的颜色</li>
<li>iconPath：未选中时的图片路径</li>
<li>selectedColor:tab上的文字选中时的颜色</li>
<li>color tab上文字的默认（未选中）颜色</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="tabBar配置"><a href="#tabBar配置" class="headerlink" title="tabBar配置"></a>tabBar配置</h3><p>在app.json中添加 “tabBar”:{}, 配置对象，配置项如下：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>属性</th>
<th>类型</th>
<th>必填</th>
<th>默认值</th>
<th>描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>position</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>bottom</td>
<td>tabBar 的位置，仅支持 bottom/top</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>borderStyle</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>tabBar上边框的颜色，仅支持 black/white</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>color</td>
<td>HexColor</td>
<td>否</td>
<td></td>
<td>tab上文字的默认（未选中）颜色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>selectedColor</td>
<td>HexColor</td>
<td>否</td>
<td></td>
<td>tab上的文字选中时的颜色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>backgroundColor</td>
<td>HexColor</td>
<td>否</td>
<td></td>
<td>tabBar 的背景色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>list</td>
<td>Array</td>
<td>是</td>
<td></td>
<td>最少2个、最多5个tab</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>每个tab项的配置选项</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>属性</th>
<th>类型</th>
<th>必填</th>
<th>描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>pagePath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>页面路径，页面必须在 pages 中预先定义</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>tab上显示的文字</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>iconPath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>未选中时的图标路径；当postion 为top 时，不显示icon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>selectedlconPath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>选中时的图标路径；当postion为top时，不显示 icon</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">"tabBar"</span>:{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"list"</span>：[</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"pagePath"</span>: <span class="string">"pages/index/index"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"text"</span>: <span class="string">"index"</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"pagePath"</span>: <span class="string">"pages/test/test"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"text"</span>: <span class="string">"test"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">},</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="数据请求"><a href="#数据请求" class="headerlink" title="数据请求"></a>数据请求</h2><h3 id="小程序中的限制"><a href="#小程序中的限制" class="headerlink" title="小程序中的限制"></a>小程序中的限制</h3><p>出于安全性方面的考虑，小程序官方对数据接口的请求做出了如下两个限制：</p>
<p>①只能请求HTTPS类型的接口</p>
<blockquote>
<p>在开发过程中，在详情—>本地设置中可以勾选 不校验合法域名….即可解决此问题</p>
</blockquote>
<p>② 必须将接口的域名添加到信任列表中</p>
<p>需求描述：假设在自己的微信小程序中，希望请求 <a href="https://lhx.zzux.com/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3">https://lhx.zzux.com/域名下的接口</a><br>配置步骤：登录微信小程序管理后台-→开发→开发设置-→服务器域名->修改request合法域名</p>
<p>注意事项：</p>
<p>① 域名只支持https 协议<br>② 域名不能使用IP地址或localhost<br>③ 域名必须经过 ICP 备案<br>④ 服务器域名一个月内最多可申请 5次修改</p>
<h3 id="发get-x2F-post请求"><a href="#发get-x2F-post请求" class="headerlink" title="发get/post请求"></a>发get/post请求</h3><p>调用微信小程序提供的 wx.request() 方法，可以发起 GET 请求，示例如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wx.<span class="title function_">request</span>({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">url</span>: <span class="string">'https://lhx.zzux.com/api/get'</span>,<span class="comment">// 请求的接口地址，必须基于 https 协议</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">method</span>: <span class="string">'GET'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//发post请求同理，只要把method改为post即可</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">data</span>:{ <span class="comment">// 发送到服务器的数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> name：<span class="string">'zs'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">age</span>:<span class="number">22</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">success</span>:<span class="function">(<span class="params">res</span>)=></span>{ <span class="comment">//请求成功之后的回调函数</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(res)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="页面加载时发请求"><a href="#页面加载时发请求" class="headerlink" title="页面加载时发请求"></a>页面加载时发请求</h3><p>在很多情况下，我们需要在页面刚加载的时候，自动请求一些初始化的数据。此时需要在页面的 onLoad事件中调用获取数据的函数，示例代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">onLoad</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">options</span>){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//要加this</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="title function_">getSwiperList</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="title function_">getGridList</span>()</span><br><span class="line">}，</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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href="#%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">定义数据</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">事件绑定</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">事件对象的属性列表</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#target-%E5%92%8C-currentTarget%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">target 和 currentTarget的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#bindtap%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">bindtap的语法格式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%BA-data-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">在事件处理函数中为 data 中的数据赋值</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E5%8F%82"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">事件传参</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#bindinput%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">bindinput语法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%A1%86%E5%92%8C-data-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">文本框和 data 数据同步</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">条件渲染</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88-lt-block-gt-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-wx-if"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">结合 < block > 使用 wx:if</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#hidden"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">hidden</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#wx-if-%E4%B8%8E-hidden-%E7%9A%84%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">wx:if 与 hidden 的对比</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">列表渲染</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#wx-for"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">wx:for</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E5%92%8C%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E9%A1%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8D"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">手动指定索引和当前项的变量名</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#wx-key%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">wx:key的使用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#WXSS"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">WXSS</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#WXSS-%E5%92%8C-CSS%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">WXSS 和 CSS的关系</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F%E3%80%81%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">全局样式、局部样式</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">全局配置</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">全局配置文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#window%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">window节点常用配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">6.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">模拟器的问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%8A%E6%8B%89%E8%A7%A6%E5%BA%95%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB"><span class="toc-number">6.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">上拉触底的距离</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#tabBar"><span class="toc-number">6.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">tabBar</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#tabBar%E7%9A%846%E4%B8%AA%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86"><span class="toc-number">6.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">tabBar的6个组成部分</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#tabBar%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">6.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">tabBar配置</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据请求</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">小程序中的限制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%91get-x2F-post%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">发get/post请求</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%91%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">7.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">页面加载时发请求</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/jd-yangmao.html" title="全自动薅JD羊毛"><img src="https://s1.ax1x.com/2022/07/05/jNqUyD.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="全自动薅JD羊毛"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" 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