From ac2854b048468520a8cae0d8840696f21f3db5ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Emily Shumchenia <emily.shumchenia@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 15:06:29 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] added correct navy section anchor

---
 _site/index.html  | 7 ++++---
 _site/search.json | 4 ++--
 _site/sitemap.xml | 2 +-
 index.qmd         | 4 +++-
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/_site/index.html b/_site/index.html
index 2c097373..4176113f 100644
--- a/_site/index.html
+++ b/_site/index.html
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ <h2 id="toc-title">On this page</h2>
   <li><a href="#codeploy" id="toc-codeploy" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#codeploy">II. Codeployment of other sensors</a></li>
   <li><a href="#bottom" id="toc-bottom" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#bottom">III. Best practices to minimize bottom disturbance from underwater mooring systems</a></li>
   <li><a href="#noise" id="toc-noise" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#noise">IV. Best practices to minimize self-noise from underwater mooring systems</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#v.-navy-awareness-of-pam-deployments-on-the-atlantic-ocs-navy" id="toc-v.-navy-awareness-of-pam-deployments-on-the-atlantic-ocs-navy" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#v.-navy-awareness-of-pam-deployments-on-the-atlantic-ocs-navy">V. Navy awareness of PAM deployments on the Atlantic OCS {navy}</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#navy" id="toc-navy" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#navy">V. Navy awareness of PAM deployments on the Atlantic OCS</a></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a href="#deploy" id="toc-deploy" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#deploy">2. Deployment &amp; Data Collection</a>
   <ul class="collapse">
@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ <h2 id="toc-title">On this page</h2>
 <section id="intro" class="level2">
 <h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="intro">Introduction</h2>
 <p>This document was compiled by RWSC Staff at the request of the Marine Mammal Subcommittee with the assistance and input of a PAM Data Management Work Group. WTork Group members and reviewers of this document included: <strong>Melinda Rekdahl (Wildlife Conservation Society); Anita Murray (Wildlife Conservation Society; now Maine Department of Marine Resources); Erin Meyer-Gutbrod (University of South Carolina); Erica Staaterman (BOEM); Genevieve Davis (NOAA NEFSC Passive Acoustics Research Group); Jordan Carduner (Equinor), Laura Morse (Orsted; now Mainstream Renewables); Scott Carr (JASCO); Aaron Rice (Cornell University); Joel Bell (US Navy); Carrie Wall Bell (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)).</strong></p>
+<p>This is a living document that will be updated by the Subcommittee as practices and technologies advance.</p>
 <hr>
 <p>This document is also responsive to the needs and priorities expressed at recent workshops and expert working group proceedings, including:</p>
 <ul>
@@ -407,8 +408,8 @@ <h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="noise">IV. Best practices to minimize self-
 </blockquote>
 <hr>
 </section>
-<section id="v.-navy-awareness-of-pam-deployments-on-the-atlantic-ocs-navy" class="level3">
-<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="v.-navy-awareness-of-pam-deployments-on-the-atlantic-ocs-navy">V. Navy awareness of PAM deployments on the Atlantic OCS {navy}</h3>
+<section id="navy" class="level3">
+<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="navy">V. Navy awareness of PAM deployments on the Atlantic OCS</h3>
 <p>The purpose of the following steps is to ensure that the US Navy is aware of and can provide feedback on the precise location of bottom-mounted archival passive acoustic monitoring equipment on the Atlantic OCS. The Navy is requesting that all individuals consider the following steps prior to deployment. Developers may be subject to additional requirements under the BOEM issued permits.</p>
 <section id="ensure-navy-awareness---45-days-prior-to-deployment" class="level4">
 <h4 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="ensure-navy-awareness---45-days-prior-to-deployment">1. Ensure Navy awareness - 45 days prior to deployment</h4>
diff --git a/_site/search.json b/_site/search.json
index b0328285..8e72eada 100644
--- a/_site/search.json
+++ b/_site/search.json
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
     "href": "index.html",
     "title": "Long-term and Archival Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) Data",
     "section": "",
-    "text": "This document was compiled by RWSC Staff at the request of the Marine Mammal Subcommittee with the assistance and input of a PAM Data Management Work Group. WTork Group members and reviewers of this document included: Melinda Rekdahl (Wildlife Conservation Society); Anita Murray (Wildlife Conservation Society; now Maine Department of Marine Resources); Erin Meyer-Gutbrod (University of South Carolina); Erica Staaterman (BOEM); Genevieve Davis (NOAA NEFSC Passive Acoustics Research Group); Jordan Carduner (Equinor), Laura Morse (Orsted; now Mainstream Renewables); Scott Carr (JASCO); Aaron Rice (Cornell University); Joel Bell (US Navy); Carrie Wall Bell (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)).\n\nThis document is also responsive to the needs and priorities expressed at recent workshops and expert working group proceedings, including:\n\n“Standards for PAM reporting” was identified as a Potential Research Idea and Priority during the New York Bight Passive Acoustic Monitoring Workshop in March 2021\nThe need and foundation for the following best practices document was discussed at the June 2021 BOEM/NOAA workshop Improving Monitoring, Data Consistency, Archiving, and Access for Improved Regional Integration of Renewable Energy Science: Passive Acoustic Monitoring and Marine Mammals\nThe specific components and building blocks for the following best practices were discussed and many Subcommittee members participated in the March 2022 BOEM/NOAA workshop Improving Monitoring, Data Consistency, Archiving, and Access for Improved Regional Integration of Renewable Energy Science: Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data Standards and Management\n\nThe purpose of this document is to address the data collection, management, and storage phases of a long-term/archival PAM project to ensure that while numerous individual entities may be deploying, collecting, and analyzing PAM data, the infrastructure and information exists to facilitate future meta-analyses and syntheses of PAM data across the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). For specific guidance and information regarding PAM systems and their deployment and the PAM capabilities and techniques needed to promote efficient, consistent, and meaningful data collection efforts on local and regional scales, please see the minimum recommendations for PAM usage in offshore wind energy research developed by NOAA and BOEM (Van Parijs et al., 2021). This PAM data management and storage best practices document incorporates by reference many of the specifications and recommendations of Van Parijs et al., 2021. In addition, the multi-year and multi-sector Atlantic Deepwater Ecosystem Observatory Network for the US Mid- and South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (ADEON) project developed several standardized measurement and processing methods to ensure that the underwater acoustic measurements made over the course of its project can be compared with other monitoring programs’ data. ADEON data guides and specifications are incorporated by reference throughout this document as well.\nThis document does not directly address or recommend best practices for deploying PAM for real-time detection of marine mammals for mitigation purposes (Table 1). U.S. federal agencies may provide requirements or guidance for the deployment, interpretation, reporting, and management of real-time mitigation PAM data in association with offshore wind (or other activities/uses) permitting. The data generated from real-time systems used for mitigation (i.e., species detections) may be integrated into PAM data products as part of the final step of the workflow described below, with additional considerations for differences in study design, collection methods, and other data analysis steps.\n\nTable 1. Various purposes for deploying PAM and relevance to this document\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPurpose\nReal-time PAM\nArchival PAM\nConsiderations for deployment and best practices for data management included in this document?\n\n\n\n\nMitigation during pile driving or other noise-generating activities\nx\n\nNo\n\n\nVessel strike avoidance\nx\n\nNo\n\n\nAmbient noise monitoring\nx\nx\nYes\n\n\nLong-term wildlife monitoring\n\nx\nYes\n\n\n\nThe document is separated into three sections that correspond to a generic workflow for planning, deploying, and analyzing/interpreting long-term archival PAM data, primarily for the purposes of detecting cetaceans. Each section contains several detailed steps that were identified by the RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee."
+    "text": "This document was compiled by RWSC Staff at the request of the Marine Mammal Subcommittee with the assistance and input of a PAM Data Management Work Group. WTork Group members and reviewers of this document included: Melinda Rekdahl (Wildlife Conservation Society); Anita Murray (Wildlife Conservation Society; now Maine Department of Marine Resources); Erin Meyer-Gutbrod (University of South Carolina); Erica Staaterman (BOEM); Genevieve Davis (NOAA NEFSC Passive Acoustics Research Group); Jordan Carduner (Equinor), Laura Morse (Orsted; now Mainstream Renewables); Scott Carr (JASCO); Aaron Rice (Cornell University); Joel Bell (US Navy); Carrie Wall Bell (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)).\nThis is a living document that will be updated by the Subcommittee as practices and technologies advance.\n\nThis document is also responsive to the needs and priorities expressed at recent workshops and expert working group proceedings, including:\n\n“Standards for PAM reporting” was identified as a Potential Research Idea and Priority during the New York Bight Passive Acoustic Monitoring Workshop in March 2021\nThe need and foundation for the following best practices document was discussed at the June 2021 BOEM/NOAA workshop Improving Monitoring, Data Consistency, Archiving, and Access for Improved Regional Integration of Renewable Energy Science: Passive Acoustic Monitoring and Marine Mammals\nThe specific components and building blocks for the following best practices were discussed and many Subcommittee members participated in the March 2022 BOEM/NOAA workshop Improving Monitoring, Data Consistency, Archiving, and Access for Improved Regional Integration of Renewable Energy Science: Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data Standards and Management\n\nThe purpose of this document is to address the data collection, management, and storage phases of a long-term/archival PAM project to ensure that while numerous individual entities may be deploying, collecting, and analyzing PAM data, the infrastructure and information exists to facilitate future meta-analyses and syntheses of PAM data across the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). For specific guidance and information regarding PAM systems and their deployment and the PAM capabilities and techniques needed to promote efficient, consistent, and meaningful data collection efforts on local and regional scales, please see the minimum recommendations for PAM usage in offshore wind energy research developed by NOAA and BOEM (Van Parijs et al., 2021). This PAM data management and storage best practices document incorporates by reference many of the specifications and recommendations of Van Parijs et al., 2021. In addition, the multi-year and multi-sector Atlantic Deepwater Ecosystem Observatory Network for the US Mid- and South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (ADEON) project developed several standardized measurement and processing methods to ensure that the underwater acoustic measurements made over the course of its project can be compared with other monitoring programs’ data. ADEON data guides and specifications are incorporated by reference throughout this document as well.\nThis document does not directly address or recommend best practices for deploying PAM for real-time detection of marine mammals for mitigation purposes (Table 1). U.S. federal agencies may provide requirements or guidance for the deployment, interpretation, reporting, and management of real-time mitigation PAM data in association with offshore wind (or other activities/uses) permitting. The data generated from real-time systems used for mitigation (i.e., species detections) may be integrated into PAM data products as part of the final step of the workflow described below, with additional considerations for differences in study design, collection methods, and other data analysis steps.\n\nTable 1. Various purposes for deploying PAM and relevance to this document\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPurpose\nReal-time PAM\nArchival PAM\nConsiderations for deployment and best practices for data management included in this document?\n\n\n\n\nMitigation during pile driving or other noise-generating activities\nx\n\nNo\n\n\nVessel strike avoidance\nx\n\nNo\n\n\nAmbient noise monitoring\nx\nx\nYes\n\n\nLong-term wildlife monitoring\n\nx\nYes\n\n\n\nThe document is separated into three sections that correspond to a generic workflow for planning, deploying, and analyzing/interpreting long-term archival PAM data, primarily for the purposes of detecting cetaceans. Each section contains several detailed steps that were identified by the RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee."
   },
   {
     "objectID": "index.html#planning",
     "href": "index.html#planning",
     "title": "Long-term and Archival Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) Data",
     "section": "1. Planning Steps",
-    "text": "1. Planning Steps\nPlanning steps include pre-deployment coordination and communication best practices that help ensure that any new deployments are responsive to PAM data gaps and needs in the region (to the extent practicable), and that individuals or entities responsible for deployments and data are connected to the existing network of experts and can benefit from lessons learned and other existing bodies of knowledge.\n\nI. Engage with the RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee\nGroups or individuals planning to deploy PAM devices on the Atlantic OCS for the purposes of detecting cetaceans or characterizing ocean noise are encouraged to attend RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee meetings to introduce their project, discuss their deployment plan with experts, and receive input on optimal location and other considerations (visit https://rwsc.org/events to view the Subcommittee meeting schedule). In collaboration with the NOAA Passive Acoustics Research Group, the Subcommittee is maintaining an understanding of PAM devices deployed on the Atlantic OCS and periodically updating maps that show current deployments on the Northeast Ocean Data Portal and Mid-Atlantic Ocean Data Portal (see figure below).\n\n\n\nFigure 1. The map shows the current PAM deployments in the Atlantic that correspond to the proposed 40km and 20km grid cells that form a potential organizing framework for a regional network (as of August 2022). Grid cells are colored purple if at least one device is located somewhere in the cell. Caveats: there may be more than one device in each cell; there may be devices located outside of the grid cell boundaries.\n\n\nThe Portal maps are developed from location and deployment information shared with NOAA. The following best practices ensure that information about new and completed deployments is shared with NOAA so that the Portal maps maintain their accuracy and relevance.\nThe Portals also contain data products that may assist funders and researchers in selecting locations for PAM deployment. For example, the Portals contain data products representing monthly and annual vessel traffic for several classes of vessels; commercial fishing activity; offshore wind planning and leasing areas; bathymetry and seafloor composition information; and monthly density model outputs for 29 cetacean species/guilds. The Subcommittee encourages users to examine these data to inform PAM deployment site selection.\n\n\n\nII. Codeployment of other sensors\nIntroducing new PAM instruments and moorings into the environment presents an opportunity to co-locate other sensors and equipment. For example, several active and planned PAM deployments include support for VEMCO receivers or other acoustic telemetry receiver devices. This type of co-deployment builds the receiver network for studies of other taxa such as sea turtles and highly migratory fish species, and is strongly encouraged.\nWhile the location of PAM instruments and moored PAM arrays may not represent ideal receiver locations needed to address research questions answered with acoustic telemetry for other taxa, RWSC and its partners encourage the deployment of multiple sensors per mooring, when practicable, while research questions and best practices for acoustic telemetry are under development.\nIn August 2022, the RWSC Sea Turtle Subcommittee recommended that acoustic telemetry receivers be included on each new PAM deployment as the RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee considers the design and implementation of a regional PAM network.\n\n\n\nIII. Best practices to minimize bottom disturbance from underwater mooring systems\nParticipants in the June 2021 BOEM/NOAA Workshop “Improving Monitoring, Data Consistency, Archiving, and Access for Improved Regional Integration of Renewable Energy Science” recommended that best management practices (BMPs) be developed for any moored or bottom-mounted equipment used for mitigation, monitoring, and regional science associated with offshore wind development. These recommended BMPs are intended to address identified issues but are voluntary and should be considered supplemental to any other requirements that may be included under federal or state permits and authorizations. The purpose of the following BMPs is to provide reasonable conditions to avoid ocean use conflicts and minimize any potential environmental impacts associated with scientific devices on or attached to the seafloor.\n\nReview information in ocean data portals and confer with offshore wind developers to ensure device deployment areas do not conflict with existing or planned cable locations, rights of way, or foundation locations.\nProperly label all buoys and devices with the responsible operator name and contact information.\nAvoid known locations of possible unexploded ordnance (UXO).\n\nAvoid historical or archeological sites.\n\nAvoid known live bottom (corals, seagrasses, etc.) and sensitive hard-bottom features.\n\nReduce entanglement or entrapment risk to marine protected species.\n\nUtilize ocean data portals and coordinate with offshore wind developers. To the greatest reasonable extent practicable, deployment locations should be deconflicted prior to deploying any research or monitoring equipment on the seafloor. Coordination should occur with offshore leaseholders within lease boundaries and cable rights of way to ensure current or planned development activities do not conflict with the deployment or operation of the device.\nProperly label all equipment with the responsible operator name and contact information. Including identification information on equipment will assist with identifying the responsible parties for any equipment that is lost, damaged, or otherwise recovered that is separated from its moorings.\nAvoid UXO. Avoidance should be the primary strategy to ensure potential locations of UXO are not interacted with during the deployment, maintenance, and recovery of scientific devices. Information for known ordnance areas are available at https://marinecadastre.gov/data/ and should be checked when identifying potential device locations and prior to equipment re-deployment. New potential UXO may also be identified by geophysical and magnetometer surveys associated with offshore wind data collection.\nAvoid known Historical and archeaological sites. If the mooring system, anchoring, or equipment (any portion of bottom disturbance) is to be placed in an area known to be clear or otherwise was previously surveyed and cleared, then no additional surveys are required. If the area was previously surveyed and the equipment is associated with proposed actions under an OCS lease, the lessee should coordinate with BOEM on any necessary requirements under a lease or approval conditions of plans.\nAvoid live-bottom features. Mooring systems or equipment sleds should occur at least 150 m from any known locations of threatened or endangered coral species. All sensitive live bottom habitats (eelgrass, cold-water corals, etc.) should be avoided as practicable. Hard-bottom features including pavement, scarp walls, and deep/cold-water coral reefs and shallow/mesophotic reefs as defined in the CMECS Geologic Substrate Classifications) should also be avoided.\nReduce entanglement and entrapment risk. Mooring or retrieval systems should have a discountable risk of entangling or entrapping any marine protected species. Operators should ensure that any buoys attached to the seafloor use the best available mooring systems. Buoys, lines (chains, cables, or coated rope systems), swivels, shackles, and anchor designs should prevent any potential entanglement of listed species while ensuring the purpose, safety, and integrity of the structure or device. All mooring lines and ancillary attachment lines should use one or more of the following measures to reduce entanglement risk: shortest practicable line length, rubber sleeves, weak-links, chains, cables, or similar equipment types that prevent lines from looping, wrapping, or entrapping protected species. Any equipment should be attached by a line within a rubber sleeve for rigidity. The length of the line should be as short as necessary to meet its intended purpose.\n\n\n\nIV. Best practices to minimize self-noise from underwater mooring systems\nPrecautions should be taken to avoid interference of self-noise caused by current flow around the hydrophone and movement of the device and its components. This is especially important in areas with currents greater than 0.1 m/s; to estimate bottom currents for a potential site use the HYCOM model provided by NOAA (https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/). Flow shields and/or wraps that protect hydrophones and other device components can also be used to decrease self-noise by disrupting the turbulent boundary layers (ADEON Hardware Specification). An example of quiet mooring design is described in Baumgartner 2019:\n\nWe utilized a mature mooring design that allowed both quiet operation as well as delivery of digital data from the sea floor to shore (Figure 2.1). The DMON was housed in open cell foam and a urethane fairing and affixed to a bottom-mounted aluminum frame called the multi-function node (MFN), which in turn was attached to the surface buoy by stretch hoses. These hoses can stretch to nearly twice their relaxed length (Paul & Bocconcelli, 1994), thereby absorbing the motion of the buoy in rough wave conditions and keeping the MFN acoustically quiet. The hoses also contain helically wound conductors that allow power and data to be delivered between the buoy and the DMON. The surface buoy contains a platform computer, Iridium and global positioning satellite (GPS) antennas, and a 450-Ahr battery pack to power all system components. The platform computer receives and stores DMON/LFDCS data sent in real-time via the stretch hoses, and once every 2 hours, transmits these stored data to shore via an Iridium satellite modem (Figure 2). The buoy was designed to operate at sea for at least one year.\n\n\n\nFigure 2 from Baumgartner 2019.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nV. Navy awareness of PAM deployments on the Atlantic OCS {navy}\nThe purpose of the following steps is to ensure that the US Navy is aware of and can provide feedback on the precise location of bottom-mounted archival passive acoustic monitoring equipment on the Atlantic OCS. The Navy is requesting that all individuals consider the following steps prior to deployment. Developers may be subject to additional requirements under the BOEM issued permits.\n\n1. Ensure Navy awareness - 45 days prior to deployment\nSubmit Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) and/or Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) plan to Navy (latitude/longitude, type, make and model of sensor, water depth, sample rate, time frame, deployment duration etc.). Email Beth Levy: beth.m.levy2.ctr@us.navy.mil\n\n\n2. Navy evaluation and response\nThis step applies to PAM data in all locations, not just BOEM lease areas. Provide at least 30 days for Navy to evaluate the plan from an operational and acoustic security perspective.\n\nNavy Concurs - The Fleet is able to operate with the proposed plan as is. No data screening is needed.\nNavy Concurs with requested conditions\n\nRequest Alternative Sensor Location: Navy proposes alternative locations that will still allow for original monitoring objectives, while maintaining National Security, Navy training and readiness.\nRequest Data Screening: Navy would request the ability to screen data from selected sensors and redact potentially sensitive data. The screened data set will be returned to the owner/collector for their unrestricted use and dissemination.\n\n\n\n\n3. Operator confirms sensor deployment locations\nAfter actual sensor deployment, provide precise metadata to Navy within 7 days.\n\n\n4. Operator data retrieval\n\nIf sensor is not identified for screening, operator can proceed with QA/QC and data analysis.\nIf sensor is identified for requested screening, load data onto hard drives, record metadata about location, water depth, etc.\n\nBEFORE an analyst does any QA/QC, follow existing Navy data handling and secure storage procedures (a detailed document will be provided during step 2 above).\nData will be sent to Navy for screening.\nNavy will review and return a redacted data set within 90 days.\n\nOperator can proceed with analysis on the redacted dataset.\n\n\n\n\n\n5. Instrument recovery/redeployment\nOperator will notify Navy if instruments are recovered, and/or redeployed in the same location, or if settings or location have changed, will restart with step 1 above."
+    "text": "1. Planning Steps\nPlanning steps include pre-deployment coordination and communication best practices that help ensure that any new deployments are responsive to PAM data gaps and needs in the region (to the extent practicable), and that individuals or entities responsible for deployments and data are connected to the existing network of experts and can benefit from lessons learned and other existing bodies of knowledge.\n\nI. Engage with the RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee\nGroups or individuals planning to deploy PAM devices on the Atlantic OCS for the purposes of detecting cetaceans or characterizing ocean noise are encouraged to attend RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee meetings to introduce their project, discuss their deployment plan with experts, and receive input on optimal location and other considerations (visit https://rwsc.org/events to view the Subcommittee meeting schedule). In collaboration with the NOAA Passive Acoustics Research Group, the Subcommittee is maintaining an understanding of PAM devices deployed on the Atlantic OCS and periodically updating maps that show current deployments on the Northeast Ocean Data Portal and Mid-Atlantic Ocean Data Portal (see figure below).\n\n\n\nFigure 1. The map shows the current PAM deployments in the Atlantic that correspond to the proposed 40km and 20km grid cells that form a potential organizing framework for a regional network (as of August 2022). Grid cells are colored purple if at least one device is located somewhere in the cell. Caveats: there may be more than one device in each cell; there may be devices located outside of the grid cell boundaries.\n\n\nThe Portal maps are developed from location and deployment information shared with NOAA. The following best practices ensure that information about new and completed deployments is shared with NOAA so that the Portal maps maintain their accuracy and relevance.\nThe Portals also contain data products that may assist funders and researchers in selecting locations for PAM deployment. For example, the Portals contain data products representing monthly and annual vessel traffic for several classes of vessels; commercial fishing activity; offshore wind planning and leasing areas; bathymetry and seafloor composition information; and monthly density model outputs for 29 cetacean species/guilds. The Subcommittee encourages users to examine these data to inform PAM deployment site selection.\n\n\n\nII. Codeployment of other sensors\nIntroducing new PAM instruments and moorings into the environment presents an opportunity to co-locate other sensors and equipment. For example, several active and planned PAM deployments include support for VEMCO receivers or other acoustic telemetry receiver devices. This type of co-deployment builds the receiver network for studies of other taxa such as sea turtles and highly migratory fish species, and is strongly encouraged.\nWhile the location of PAM instruments and moored PAM arrays may not represent ideal receiver locations needed to address research questions answered with acoustic telemetry for other taxa, RWSC and its partners encourage the deployment of multiple sensors per mooring, when practicable, while research questions and best practices for acoustic telemetry are under development.\nIn August 2022, the RWSC Sea Turtle Subcommittee recommended that acoustic telemetry receivers be included on each new PAM deployment as the RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee considers the design and implementation of a regional PAM network.\n\n\n\nIII. Best practices to minimize bottom disturbance from underwater mooring systems\nParticipants in the June 2021 BOEM/NOAA Workshop “Improving Monitoring, Data Consistency, Archiving, and Access for Improved Regional Integration of Renewable Energy Science” recommended that best management practices (BMPs) be developed for any moored or bottom-mounted equipment used for mitigation, monitoring, and regional science associated with offshore wind development. These recommended BMPs are intended to address identified issues but are voluntary and should be considered supplemental to any other requirements that may be included under federal or state permits and authorizations. The purpose of the following BMPs is to provide reasonable conditions to avoid ocean use conflicts and minimize any potential environmental impacts associated with scientific devices on or attached to the seafloor.\n\nReview information in ocean data portals and confer with offshore wind developers to ensure device deployment areas do not conflict with existing or planned cable locations, rights of way, or foundation locations.\nProperly label all buoys and devices with the responsible operator name and contact information.\nAvoid known locations of possible unexploded ordnance (UXO).\n\nAvoid historical or archeological sites.\n\nAvoid known live bottom (corals, seagrasses, etc.) and sensitive hard-bottom features.\n\nReduce entanglement or entrapment risk to marine protected species.\n\nUtilize ocean data portals and coordinate with offshore wind developers. To the greatest reasonable extent practicable, deployment locations should be deconflicted prior to deploying any research or monitoring equipment on the seafloor. Coordination should occur with offshore leaseholders within lease boundaries and cable rights of way to ensure current or planned development activities do not conflict with the deployment or operation of the device.\nProperly label all equipment with the responsible operator name and contact information. Including identification information on equipment will assist with identifying the responsible parties for any equipment that is lost, damaged, or otherwise recovered that is separated from its moorings.\nAvoid UXO. Avoidance should be the primary strategy to ensure potential locations of UXO are not interacted with during the deployment, maintenance, and recovery of scientific devices. Information for known ordnance areas are available at https://marinecadastre.gov/data/ and should be checked when identifying potential device locations and prior to equipment re-deployment. New potential UXO may also be identified by geophysical and magnetometer surveys associated with offshore wind data collection.\nAvoid known Historical and archeaological sites. If the mooring system, anchoring, or equipment (any portion of bottom disturbance) is to be placed in an area known to be clear or otherwise was previously surveyed and cleared, then no additional surveys are required. If the area was previously surveyed and the equipment is associated with proposed actions under an OCS lease, the lessee should coordinate with BOEM on any necessary requirements under a lease or approval conditions of plans.\nAvoid live-bottom features. Mooring systems or equipment sleds should occur at least 150 m from any known locations of threatened or endangered coral species. All sensitive live bottom habitats (eelgrass, cold-water corals, etc.) should be avoided as practicable. Hard-bottom features including pavement, scarp walls, and deep/cold-water coral reefs and shallow/mesophotic reefs as defined in the CMECS Geologic Substrate Classifications) should also be avoided.\nReduce entanglement and entrapment risk. Mooring or retrieval systems should have a discountable risk of entangling or entrapping any marine protected species. Operators should ensure that any buoys attached to the seafloor use the best available mooring systems. Buoys, lines (chains, cables, or coated rope systems), swivels, shackles, and anchor designs should prevent any potential entanglement of listed species while ensuring the purpose, safety, and integrity of the structure or device. All mooring lines and ancillary attachment lines should use one or more of the following measures to reduce entanglement risk: shortest practicable line length, rubber sleeves, weak-links, chains, cables, or similar equipment types that prevent lines from looping, wrapping, or entrapping protected species. Any equipment should be attached by a line within a rubber sleeve for rigidity. The length of the line should be as short as necessary to meet its intended purpose.\n\n\n\nIV. Best practices to minimize self-noise from underwater mooring systems\nPrecautions should be taken to avoid interference of self-noise caused by current flow around the hydrophone and movement of the device and its components. This is especially important in areas with currents greater than 0.1 m/s; to estimate bottom currents for a potential site use the HYCOM model provided by NOAA (https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/). Flow shields and/or wraps that protect hydrophones and other device components can also be used to decrease self-noise by disrupting the turbulent boundary layers (ADEON Hardware Specification). An example of quiet mooring design is described in Baumgartner 2019:\n\nWe utilized a mature mooring design that allowed both quiet operation as well as delivery of digital data from the sea floor to shore (Figure 2.1). The DMON was housed in open cell foam and a urethane fairing and affixed to a bottom-mounted aluminum frame called the multi-function node (MFN), which in turn was attached to the surface buoy by stretch hoses. These hoses can stretch to nearly twice their relaxed length (Paul & Bocconcelli, 1994), thereby absorbing the motion of the buoy in rough wave conditions and keeping the MFN acoustically quiet. The hoses also contain helically wound conductors that allow power and data to be delivered between the buoy and the DMON. The surface buoy contains a platform computer, Iridium and global positioning satellite (GPS) antennas, and a 450-Ahr battery pack to power all system components. The platform computer receives and stores DMON/LFDCS data sent in real-time via the stretch hoses, and once every 2 hours, transmits these stored data to shore via an Iridium satellite modem (Figure 2). The buoy was designed to operate at sea for at least one year.\n\n\n\nFigure 2 from Baumgartner 2019.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nV. Navy awareness of PAM deployments on the Atlantic OCS\nThe purpose of the following steps is to ensure that the US Navy is aware of and can provide feedback on the precise location of bottom-mounted archival passive acoustic monitoring equipment on the Atlantic OCS. The Navy is requesting that all individuals consider the following steps prior to deployment. Developers may be subject to additional requirements under the BOEM issued permits.\n\n1. Ensure Navy awareness - 45 days prior to deployment\nSubmit Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) and/or Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) plan to Navy (latitude/longitude, type, make and model of sensor, water depth, sample rate, time frame, deployment duration etc.). Email Beth Levy: beth.m.levy2.ctr@us.navy.mil\n\n\n2. Navy evaluation and response\nThis step applies to PAM data in all locations, not just BOEM lease areas. Provide at least 30 days for Navy to evaluate the plan from an operational and acoustic security perspective.\n\nNavy Concurs - The Fleet is able to operate with the proposed plan as is. No data screening is needed.\nNavy Concurs with requested conditions\n\nRequest Alternative Sensor Location: Navy proposes alternative locations that will still allow for original monitoring objectives, while maintaining National Security, Navy training and readiness.\nRequest Data Screening: Navy would request the ability to screen data from selected sensors and redact potentially sensitive data. The screened data set will be returned to the owner/collector for their unrestricted use and dissemination.\n\n\n\n\n3. Operator confirms sensor deployment locations\nAfter actual sensor deployment, provide precise metadata to Navy within 7 days.\n\n\n4. Operator data retrieval\n\nIf sensor is not identified for screening, operator can proceed with QA/QC and data analysis.\nIf sensor is identified for requested screening, load data onto hard drives, record metadata about location, water depth, etc.\n\nBEFORE an analyst does any QA/QC, follow existing Navy data handling and secure storage procedures (a detailed document will be provided during step 2 above).\nData will be sent to Navy for screening.\nNavy will review and return a redacted data set within 90 days.\n\nOperator can proceed with analysis on the redacted dataset.\n\n\n\n\n\n5. Instrument recovery/redeployment\nOperator will notify Navy if instruments are recovered, and/or redeployed in the same location, or if settings or location have changed, will restart with step 1 above."
   },
   {
     "objectID": "index.html#deploy",
diff --git a/_site/sitemap.xml b/_site/sitemap.xml
index 15811b92..4c1b593d 100644
--- a/_site/sitemap.xml
+++ b/_site/sitemap.xml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
   <url>
     <loc>https://rwscollab.github.io/pam-data-mgmt/index.html</loc>
-    <lastmod>2022-12-15T14:05:08.751Z</lastmod>
+    <lastmod>2022-12-19T20:05:54.828Z</lastmod>
   </url>
 </urlset>
diff --git a/index.qmd b/index.qmd
index 552bc608..a6dcd206 100644
--- a/index.qmd
+++ b/index.qmd
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ author: RWSC Marine Mammal Subcommittee
 
 This document was compiled by RWSC Staff at the request of the Marine Mammal Subcommittee with the assistance and input of a PAM Data Management Work Group. WTork Group members and reviewers of this document included: **Melinda Rekdahl (Wildlife Conservation Society); Anita Murray (Wildlife Conservation Society; now Maine Department of Marine Resources); Erin Meyer-Gutbrod (University of South Carolina); Erica Staaterman (BOEM); Genevieve Davis (NOAA NEFSC Passive Acoustics Research Group); Jordan Carduner (Equinor), Laura Morse (Orsted; now Mainstream Renewables); Scott Carr (JASCO); Aaron Rice (Cornell University); Joel Bell (US Navy); Carrie Wall Bell (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)).**
 
+This is a living document that will be updated by the Subcommittee as practices and technologies advance.
+
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 This document is also responsive to the needs and priorities expressed at recent workshops and expert working group proceedings, including:
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ Precautions should be taken to avoid interference of self-noise caused by curren
 
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-### V. Navy awareness of PAM deployments on the Atlantic OCS {navy}
+### V. Navy awareness of PAM deployments on the Atlantic OCS {#navy}
 
 The purpose of the following steps is to ensure that the US Navy is aware of and can provide feedback on the precise location of bottom-mounted archival passive acoustic monitoring equipment on the Atlantic OCS. The Navy is requesting that all individuals consider the following steps prior to deployment. Developers may be subject to additional requirements under the BOEM issued permits.