hws - Hardware Sampling for CPUs and GPUs

The Hardware Sampling (hws) library can be used to track hardware performance like clock frequency, memory usage, temperatures, or power draw. It currently supports CPUs as well as GPUs from NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel.

Getting Started

Dependencies

General dependencies:

• a C++17 capable compiler
• {fmt} > 11.0.2 for string formatting (automatically build during the CMake configuration if it couldn't be found using the respective find_package call)
• Pybind11 > v2.13.1 if Python bindings are enabled (automatically build during the CMake configuration if it couldn't be found using the respective find_package call)

Dependencies based on the hardware to sample:

• if a CPU should be targeted: at least one of turbostat (may require root privileges), lscpu, or free and the subprocess.h library (automatically build during the CMake configuration if it couldn't be found using the respective find_package call)
• if an NVIDIA GPU should be targeted: NVIDIA's Management Library NVML
• if an AMD GPU should be targeted: AMD's ROCm SMI library rocm_smi_lib
• if an Intel GPU should be targeted: Intel's Level Zero library

Building hws

To download the hardware sampling use:

git clone git@github.com:SC-SGS/hardware_sampling.git
cd hardware_sampling 

Building the library can be done using the normal CMake approach:

mkdir build && cd build 
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release [optional_options] .. 
cmake --build . -j

Optional CMake Options

The [optional_options] can be one or multiple of:

• HWS_ENABLE_ERROR_CHECKS=ON|OFF (default: OFF): enable sanity checks during hardware sampling, may be problematic with smaller sample intervals
• HWS_SAMPLING_INTERVAL=100ms (default: 100ms): set the sampling interval in milliseconds
• HWS_ENABLE_PYTHON_BINDINGS=ON|OFF (default: ON): enable Python bindings

Installing

The library supports the install target:

cmake --install . --prefix "/home/myuser/installdir"

Afterward, the necessary exports should be performed:

export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share/hws/cmake:${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib:${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib64:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include:${CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH}
export PYTHONPATH=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib:${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib64:${PYTHONPATH}

Note: when using Intel GPUs, the CMAKE_MODULE_PATH should be updated to point to our cmake directory containing the Findlevel_zero.cmake file and export ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 should be set.

Available samples

The sampling type fixed denotes samples that are gathered once per hardware samples like maximum clock frequencies or temperatures or the total available memory. The sampling type sampled denotes samples that are gathered during the whole hardware sampling process like the current clock frequencies, temperatures, or memory consumption.

General samples

sample	sample type	CPUs	NVIDIA GPUs	AMD GPUs	Intel GPUs
architecture	fixed	str	str	str	-
byte_order	fixed	str	str (fix)	str (fix)	str (fix)
num_cores	fixed	int	int	-	-
num_threads	fixed	int	-	-	-
threads_per_core	fixed	int	-	-	-
cores_per_socket	fixed	int	-	-	-
num_sockets	fixed	int	-	-	-
numa_nodes	fixed	int	-	-	-
vendor_id	fixed	str	str (fix)	str	str (PCIe ID)
name	fixed	str	str	str	str
flags	fixed	list of str	-	-	list of str
persistence_mode	fixed	-	bool	-	-
standby_mode	fixed	-	-	-	str
num_threads_per_eu	fixed	-	-	-	int
eu_simd_width	fixed	-	-	-	int
compute_utilization	sampled	%	%	%	-
memory_utilization	sampled	-	%	%	-
ipc	sampled	float	-	-	-
irq	sampled	int	-	-	-
smi	sampled	int	-	-	-
poll	sampled	int	-	-	-
poll_percent	sampled	%	-	-	-
performance_level	sampled	-	int	str	-

clock-related samples

sample	sample type	CPUs	NVIDIA GPUs	AMD GPUs	Intel GPUs
auto_boosted_clock_enabled	fixed	bool	bool	-	-
clock_frequency_min	fixed	MHz	MHz	MHz	MHz
clock_frequency_max	fixed	MHz	MHz	MHz	MHz
memory_clock_frequency_min	fixed	-	MHz	MHz	MHz
memory_clock_frequency_max	fixed	-	MHz	MHz	MHz
socket_clock_frequency_min	fixed	-	-	MHz	-
socket_clock_frequency_min	fixed	-	-	MHz	-
sm_clock_frequency_max	fixed	-	MHz	-	-
available_clock_frequencies	fixed	-	map of MHz	list of MHz	list of MHz
available_memory_clock_frequencies	fixed	-	list of MHz	list of MHz	list of MHz
clock_frequency	sampled	MHz	MHz	MHz	MHz
average_non_idle_clock_frequency	sampled	MHz	-	-	-
time_stamp_counter	sampled	MHz	-	-	-
memory_clock_frequency	sampled	-	MHz	MHz	MHz
socket_clock_frequency	sampled	-	-	MHz	-
sm_clock_frequency	sampled	-	MHz	-	-
overdrive_level	sampled	-	-	%	-
memory_overdrive_level	sampled	-	-	%	-
throttle_reason	sampled	-	bitmask	-	bitmask
throttle_reason_string	sampled	-	str	-	str
memory_throttle_reason	sampled	-	-	-	bitmask
memory_throttle_reason_string	sampled	-	-	-	str
auto_boosted_clock	sampled	-	bool	-	-
frequency_limit_tdp	sampled	-	-	-	MHz
memory_frequency_limit_tdp	sampled	-	-	-	MHz

power-related samples

sample	sample type	CPUs	NVIDIA GPUs	AMD GPUs	Intel GPUs
power_management_limit	fixed	-	W	W	-
power_enforced_limit	fixed	-	W	W	W
power_measurement_type	fixed	str (fix)	str	str	str
power_management_mode	fixed	-	bool	-	bool
available_power_profiles	fixed	-	list of int	list of str	-
power_usage	sampled	W	W	W	W (calculated via power_total_energy_consumption)
core_watt	sampled	W	-	-	-
dram_watt	sampled	W	-	-	-
package_rapl_throttling	sampled	%	-	-	-
dram_rapl_throttling	sampled	%	-	-	-
power_total_energy_consumption	sampled	J (calculated via power_usage)	J	J (calculated via power_usage if power_total_energy_consumption isn't available)	J
power_profile	sampled	-	int	str	-

memory-related samples

sample	sample type	CPUs	NVIDIA GPUs	AMD GPUs	Intel GPUs
cache_size_L1d	fixed	str	-	-	-
cache_size_L1i	fixed	str	-	-	-
cache_size_L2	fixed	str	-	-	-
cache_size_L3	fixed	str	-	-	-
memory_total	fixed	B	B	B	B (map of memory modules)
visible_memory_total	fixed	-	-	B	B (map of memory modules)
swap_memory_total	fixed	B	-	-	-
num_pcie_lanes_min	fixed	-	-	int	-
num_pcie_lanes_max	fixed	-	int	int	int
pcie_link_generation_max	fixed	-	int	-	int
pcie_link_speed_max	fixed	-	MBPS	-	MBPS
pcie_link_transfer_rate_min	fixed	-	-	MT/s	-
pcie_link_transfer_rate_max	fixed	-	-	MT/s	-
memory_bus_width	fixed	-	Bit	-	Bit (map of memory modules)
memory_num_channels	fixed	-	-	-	int (map of memory modules)
memory_used	sampled	B	B	B	B (map of memory modules)
memory_free	sampled	B	B	B	B (map of memory modules)
swap_memory_used	sampled	B	-	-	-
swap_memory_free	sampled	B	-	-	-
num_pcie_lanes	sampled	-	int	int	int
pcie_link_generation	sampled	-	int	-	int
pcie_link_speed	sampled	-	MBPS	-	MBPS
pcie_link_transfer_rate	sampled	-	-	T/s	-

temperature-related samples

sample	sample type	CPUs	NVIDIA GPUs	AMD GPUs	Intel GPUs
num_fans	fixed	-	int	int	int
fan_speed_min	fixed	-	%	-	-
fan_speed_max	fixed	-	%	RPM	RPM
temperature_min	fixed	-	-	°C	-
temperature_max	fixed	-	°C	°C	°C
memory_temperature_min	fixed	-	-	°C	-
memory_temperature_max	fixed	-	°C	°C	°C
hotspot_temperature_min	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hotspot_temperature_max	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hbm_0_temperature_min	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hbm_0_temperature_max	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hbm_1_temperature_min	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hbm_1_temperature_max	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hbm_2_temperature_min	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hbm_2_temperature_max	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hbm_3_temperature_min	fixed	-	-	°C	-
hbm_3_temperature_max	fixed	-	-	°C	-
global_temperature_max	fixed	-	-	°C	°C
fan_speed_percentage	sampled	-	%	%	%
temperature	sampled	°C	°C	°C	°C
memory_temperature	sampled	-	-	°C	°C
hotspot_temperature	sampled	-	-	°C	-
hbm_0_temperature	sampled	-	-	°C	-
hbm_1_temperature	sampled	-	-	°C	-
hbm_2_temperature	sampled	-	-	°C	-
hbm_3_temperature	sampled	-	-	°C	-
global_temperature	sampled	-	-	-	°C
psu_temperature	sampled	-	-	-	°C
core_temperature	sampled	°C	-	-	-
core_throttle_percent	sampled	%	-	-	-

gfx-related (iGPU) samples

sample	sample type	CPUs
gfx_render_state_percent	sampled	%
gfx_frequency	sampled	MHz
average_gfx_frequency	sampled	MHz
gfx_state_c0_percent	sampled	%
cpu_works_for_gpu_percent	sampled	%
gfx_watt	sampled	W

"idle states"-related samples

sample	sample type	CPUs
idle_states	fixed	map of values
all_cpus_state_c0_percent	sampled	%
any_cpu_state_c0_percent	sampled	%
low_power_idle_state_percent	sampled	%
system_low_power_idle_state_percent	sampled	%
package_low_power_idle_state_percent	sampled	%

Example Python usage

import HardwareSampling as hws
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
import datetime

sampler = hws.CpuHardwareSampler()
# could also be, e.g.,
# sampler = hws.GpuNvidiaHardwareSampler()
sampler.start()

sampler.add_event("init")
A = np.random.rand(2 ** 14, 2 ** 14)
B = np.random.rand(2 ** 14, 2 ** 14)

sampler.add_event("matmul")
C = A @ B

sampler.stop()
sampler.dump_yaml("track.yaml")

# plot the results
time_points = sampler.relative_time_points()

plt.plot(time_points, sampler.clock_samples().get_clock_frequency(), label="average")
plt.plot(time_points, sampler.clock_samples().get_average_non_idle_clock_frequency(), label="average non-idle")

axes = plt.gcf().axes[0]
x_bounds = axes.get_xlim()
for event in sampler.get_relative_events()[1:-1]:
    axes.axvline(x=event.relative_time_point, color='r')
    axes.annotate(text=event.name,
                  xy=(((event.relative_time_point - x_bounds[0]) / (x_bounds[1] - x_bounds[0])), 1.025),
                  xycoords='axes fraction', rotation=270)

plt.xlabel("runtime [ms]")
plt.ylabel("clock frequency [MHz]")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

License

The hws library is distributed under the MIT license.