Update PositionedOverlay with original AlphaHovercard changes and release independently

[yurm04]

Rip out changes to PositionedOverlay and all related changes from these two PRs (1, 2) and put them in their own PR. May be able to move all this into the existing PR that Chloe's opened

THOROUGHLY tophat these changes because PositionedOverlay is used for popovers and tooltips as well. When properly vetted, merge to main and bump the version of @shopify/polaris in Web

Make PositionedOverlay updates available to HoverCard in @shopify/web

Beta Give feedback

1. Move PositionedOverlay changes from original PRs to its own dedicated PR
2. Tophat these changes thoroughly
3. Release and bump polaris version in shopify/web

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