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__init__.py
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__init__.py
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"""Program to make power network model from transformer information and connections.
Author: Sean Blake (blakese@tcd.ie)
GitHub: https://github.com/TerminusEst/Power_Network
Example data for the Horton (2012) network can be found here:
https://github.com/TerminusEst/Power_Network/tree/master/Data
These data files are also included with this package.
*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=
Required for this program is 2 inputs:
1) csv file containing transformer info. The columns should be:
SS_NAME = Subsation name (important to keep spelling uniform)
SS_SYM = Substation symbol
TF_SYM = Transformer symbol (or code: e.g, T1432)
VOLTAGE = Highest operating voltage of the substation
LAT = Latitude
LON = Longitude
TYPE = Type of transformer: 'A' = autotransformer, "YY" = Wye-Wye, "G" = grounded, "T" = Tee connection station.
RES1 = High voltage resistance winding
RES2 = Low voltage resistance winding
GROUND = Ground resistance at substation
SWITCH = Transformer ground switch: 0 = None, 1 = Open, 2 = Closed
2) csv file containing substation connection info. The columns should be:
FROM = Substation name from
TO = Substation name to
VOLTAGE = Voltage of connection
CIRCUIT = To denote multiple lines per connection
RES = Resistance of line.
An example of the code running for the Horton et al 2012 test case paper is outlined below:
import power_network_model as PNG
################################################################################
# read in transformer file, generate substation data:
filename = "Data/Horton_Trafo_Info.csv"
ss_trafos, ss_connections, ss_meta = PNG.make_substations(filename)
# Generate connections between substations:
filename = "Data/Horton_Connection_Info.csv"
connections_twixt_stations = PNG.connections_adder(filename, ss_meta)
################################################################################
# Write out the output file
filename = "Data/Horton_Model_Output.txt"
PNG.write_out(filename, ss_trafos, ss_connections, connections_twixt_stations)
"""
################################################################################
################################################################################
################################################################################
def make_substations(filename):
""" Read in file of transformer data, get each substation in correct form.
Follows the conventions of:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016SW001499/full
Parameters
-----------
filename = file which contains the transformer data with the headings:
-> SS_NAME, SS_SYM, TF_SYM, CODE, VOLTAGE, LAT, LON, TYPE, RES1,
RES2, GROUND, SWITCHABLE
Returns
-----------
ss_trafos = transformer data in output format
-> number, lat, lon, trans_resist, earth_resist, voltage,
substation symbol, transformer code
ss_connections = list of output data for internal connections
-> nodefrom, nodeto, resistance, nan, nan, nan, voltage
ss_meta = list of meta data for the substation
-> Substation name, substation symbol, lat, lon, voltage, ground
nodes, HV and LV busbar nodes
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"""
f = open(filename, 'r')
data = f.readlines()
f.close()
# Read in data, skip first row (headings), skip last row (if empty)
if data[-1] == "\n":
master = [x.split(",") for x in data[1:-1]]
else:
master = [x.split(",") for x in data[1:]]
substation_names, substation_volt, substation_sym = [], [], []
for j in master:
if j[0] not in substation_names:
substation_names.append(j[0])
substation_volt.append(j[2])
substation_sym.append(j[1])
master_substations = substation_sym
################################################################################
# 2
# Loop through trafos, add each to respective substation.
master_raw = []
for i in master_substations:
temp_list = []
for index, value in enumerate(master):
if i == value[1]:
temp_list.append(value)
master_raw.append(temp_list)
################################################################################
# 3
# For each substation, calculate internal configuration
ss_trafos, ss_connections, ss_meta = [], [], []
count = 0
for index, i in enumerate(master_raw):
a, b, c, count = substation_internals(i, count)
ss_trafos.append(a)
ss_connections.append(b)
ss_meta.append(c)
return ss_trafos, ss_connections, ss_meta
################################################################################
################################################################################
################################################################################
def substation_internals(substation, count):
""" Generate sinlge internal substation configuration with nodes and internal
connections.
Follows the conventions of:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016SW001499/full
Parameters
-----------
substation = list of transformers for one substation
count = the node count before this substation
Returns
-----------
transformers = list of output data for each node:
-> number, lat, lon, trans_resist, earth_resist, voltage,
substation symbol, transformer code
connections = list of output data for internal connections
-> nodefrom, nodeto, resistance, nan, nan, nan, voltage
meta_info = list of meta data for the substation
-> Substation name, substation symbol, lat, lon, voltage, ground
nodes, HV and LV busbar nodes
number = the node number after this substation
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"""
count += 1 # transformer count
infsmall = 1e-10 # 0 resistance equivalent
infbig = 1e10 # inf resistance equivalent
dist_incr = 0.00001 # distance increment
# Substation info from first trafo
ss_name, ss_sym, tf_sym, ss_voltage = substation[0][:4]
trafo_number = len(substation) # number of transformers
lat = float(substation[0][4]) # baditude
lon = float(substation[0][5]) # longitude
ground_res = float(substation[0][9]) # grounding resistance for substation
transformers, connections, real_grounds = [], [], []
meta_info = [ss_name, ss_sym, lat, lon, ss_voltage]
#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-
#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-
# some terminology:
# HVss, LVss = HV and LV substation buses
# Gt = Grounded transformer
# Gt_HVss = Connection between Gt and HVss
# In the case that there is a single transformer at the substation:
if trafo_number == 1:
res1 = float(substation[0][7]) # high winding res
res2 = float(substation[0][8]) # low winding res
tf_type = substation[0][6]
switch = int(substation[0][-1])
if switch == 2: # if the switch is open
ground_res = infbig
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
if tf_type == "YY": # Single YY transformer
HVss = [count, lat + dist_incr, lon, infsmall, infbig, ss_voltage, ss_name, "--", 'nan']
LVss = [count+1, lat - dist_incr, lon, infsmall, infbig, ss_voltage, ss_name, "--", 'nan']
Gt = [count+2, lat, lon, infsmall, ground_res, ss_voltage, ss_name, tf_sym, switch]
Gt_HVss = [count, count+2, res1, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
Gt_LVss = [count+1, count+2, res2, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
transformers.extend([HVss, LVss, Gt])
connections.extend([Gt_HVss, Gt_LVss])
real_grounds.append(count+2)
hilo = [count, count+1]
number = int(count+2)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
if tf_type == "A": # auto
res1 = float(substation[0][7])*0.75 # high winding res
res2 = float(substation[0][7])*0.25
HVss = [count, lat + dist_incr, lon, infsmall, infbig, ss_voltage, ss_name, "--", 'nan']
Gt = [count+1, lat, lon, infsmall, ground_res + res2, ss_voltage, ss_name, tf_sym, switch]
Gt_HVss = [count, count+1, res1, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
transformers.extend([HVss, Gt])
connections.extend([Gt_HVss])
real_grounds.append(count+1)
hilo = [count, count+1]
number = int(count+1)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
if tf_type == "G": # "end" or "grounded" trafo
transformers.append([count, lat, lon, res1, ground_res, ss_voltage, ss_name, tf_sym, switch])
real_grounds.append(count)
hilo = [count, count]
number = int(count)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
if tf_type == "T": # TEE
transformers.append([count, lat, lon, infsmall, ground_res, ss_voltage, ss_name, tf_sym, 'nan'])
real_grounds.append(count)
hilo = [count, count]
number = int(count)
count = int(number)
meta_info.append(real_grounds)
meta_info.append(hilo)
return transformers, connections, meta_info, count
#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-
# If there are multiple trafos, need HV and LV buses
HVss = [count, lat + 2*dist_incr, lon - 0.5*dist_incr, infsmall, infbig, ss_voltage, ss_name, "--", 'nan']
LVss = [count+1, lat - 2*dist_incr, lon + 0.5*dist_incr, infsmall, infbig, ss_voltage, ss_name, "--", 'nan']
transformers.extend([HVss, LVss])
substation_ground = float(substation[0][9])
number = int(count)+2 # we start with number 2: 0 = HVss, 1 = LVss...
for index, trafo in enumerate(substation):
res1 = float(trafo[7]) # high winding res
res2 = float(trafo[8]) # low winding res
tf_type = trafo[6]
tf_sym = trafo[2]
switch = int(trafo[-1])
if switch == 2: # if the ground is open
ground_res = infbig
else:
ground_res = substation_ground
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
if tf_type == "YY": # YY
HVt = [number, lat + dist_incr, lon - index*dist_incr, infsmall, infbig, ss_voltage, ss_name, "--", 'nan']
HVt_HVss = [count, number, infsmall, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
number += 1
Gt = [number, lat, lon - index*dist_incr, infsmall, ground_res * trafo_number, ss_voltage, ss_name, tf_sym, switch]
real_grounds.append(number)
Gt_HVt = [number-1, number, res1, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
number += 1
LVt = [number, lat - dist_incr, lon - index*dist_incr, infsmall, infbig, ss_voltage, ss_name, "--", 'nan']
LVt_Gt = [number-1, number, res2, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
LVt_LVss = [count+1, number, infsmall, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
number += 1
transformers.extend([HVt, Gt, LVt])
connections.extend([HVt_HVss, Gt_HVt, LVt_Gt, LVt_LVss])
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
if tf_type == "A": # autotransformer
res1 = float(trafo[7])*0.75 # high winding res
res2 = float(trafo[7])*0.25
HVt = [number, lat + dist_incr, lon - index*dist_incr, infsmall, infbig, ss_voltage, ss_name, "--", 'nan']
HVt_HVss = [count, number, infsmall, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
number += 1
Gt = [number, lat, lon - index*dist_incr, res2, (ground_res * trafo_number),
ss_voltage, ss_name, tf_sym, switch]
Gt_HVt = [number-1, number, res1, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
Gt_LVss = [count+1, number, infsmall, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
real_grounds.append(number)
number += 1
transformers.extend([HVt, Gt])
connections.extend([HVt_HVss, Gt_HVt, Gt_LVss])
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
if tf_type == "G": # "end" or "grounded" trafo
Gt = [number, lat, lon - index*dist_incr, res1, ground_res * trafo_number, ss_voltage, ss_name, tf_sym, switch]
print(res1, ground_res * trafo_number, ss_voltage, ss_name, tf_sym)
real_grounds.append(number)
Gt_HVss = [number, count, infsmall, 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', 'nan', ss_voltage]
number += 1
transformers.extend([Gt])
connections.extend([Gt_HVss])#, Gt_tGt])
meta_info.append(real_grounds)
meta_info.append([count, count+1])
return transformers, connections, meta_info, number-1
################################################################################
################################################################################
################################################################################
def resistance_parallel(resistances):
""" Dirty wee function to calculate parallel resistances"""
res = 0
for i in resistances:
res += 1./i
return 1./res
################################################################################
################################################################################
################################################################################
def connections_adder(filename, substation_meta):
"""Creates the connections between substations with correct nodes.
Parameters
-----------
filename = location of file with connection info. Must be in format:
-> SS_NAME, SS_SYM, TF_SYM, VOLTAGE, LAT, LON, TYPE, RES1, RES2, GROUND, SWITCHABLE
substation_meta = list of meta-info for substations. Generated from
substation_internals function
Returns
-----------
ouput = list of output data for connections. In the form:
-> nodefrom, nodeto, resistance, lonfrom, latfrom, lonto, latto,
nan, line voltage
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"""
# read in the file
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
f = open(filename, 'r')
data = f.readlines()
f.close()
if data[-1] == "\n":
raw = [x.split(",") for x in data[1:-1]]
else:
raw = [x.split(",") for x in data[1:]]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# work out resistances (incl. parallel lines)
line_ids, resistances = [], [] # from, to, volt
for i in raw:
namefrom, nameto, volt, circuit, res = i
idd = [namefrom, nameto, volt]
if idd not in line_ids:
line_ids.append(idd)
resistances.append([float(res)])
else:
resistances[line_ids.index(idd)].append(float(res))
for index, value in enumerate(resistances):
if len(value) == 1:
line_ids[index].append(value[0])
else:
line_ids[index].append(resistance_parallel(value))
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# now to work out the connections between nodes
ss_meta = [x[0] for x in substation_meta]
output = []
for j in line_ids:
namefrom, nameto, volt, res = j
index1 = ss_meta.index(namefrom)
volt1 = int(substation_meta[index1][4])
hi1, lo1 = substation_meta[index1][6]
lonfrom = substation_meta[index1][2]
latfrom = substation_meta[index1][3]
index2 = ss_meta.index(nameto)
volt2 = int(substation_meta[index2][4])
hi2, lo2 = substation_meta[index2][6]
lonto = substation_meta[index2][2]
latto = substation_meta[index2][3]
line_volt = int(volt) # voltage of power line
if volt1 == volt2: # if the substations are same voltage
if line_volt < volt1: # if voltage of line is < voltage of substation - LO to LO
thingy = sorted([lo1, lo2])
else: # if voltage of line == voltage of substation - HI to HI
thingy = sorted([hi1, hi2])
elif volt1 > volt2: # LO to HI
thingy = sorted([lo1, hi2])
else: # HI to LO
thingy = sorted([hi1, lo2])
connection = [thingy[0], thingy[1], res, lonfrom, latfrom, lonto, latto, line_volt]
output.append(connection)
return output
################################################################################
################################################################################
################################################################################
def write_out(filename, ss_trafos, ss_connections, refined_connections):
"""Write out model to file
Parameters
-----------
filename = output filenames stem
substation_meta = list of meta-info for substations. Generated from
substation_internals function
Returns
-----------
nodes_file = output file containing node information, in the form:
-> nodenumber, substation lat, substation lon, winding res, grounding res, voltage, substation id, transformer id, real (0) or imaginary (nan) node
connections_file = output file containing connections info, in the form:
-> nodefrom number, nodeto number, resistance, latfrom, lonfrom, latto, lonto, nan, voltage
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"""
nodes_file = filename + "_nodes.txt"
connections_file = filename + "_connections.txt"
# First write out the nodes file
f1 = open(nodes_file, 'w')
for i in ss_trafos:
for j in i:
f1.write(str(j[0]) + "\t" + str(j[1]) + "\t" + str(j[2]) + "\t" + str(j[3]) + "\t" + str(j[4]) + "\t" + str(j[5]) + "\t" + str(j[6]) + "\t" + str(j[7]) + "\t" + str(j[-1]) + "\n")
f1.close()
# Now write out the connections file
f2 = open(connections_file, 'w')
for i in ss_connections:
for j in i:
f2.write(str(j[0]) + "\t" + str(j[1]) + "\t" + str(j[2]) + "\t" + str(j[3]) + "\t" + str(j[4]) + "\t" + str(j[5]) + "\t" + str(j[6]) + "\t" + str(j[7]) + "\tnan\n")
for j in refined_connections:
f2.write(str(j[0]) + "\t" + str(j[1]) + "\t" + str(j[2]) + "\t" + str(j[3]) + "\t" + str(j[4]) + "\t" + str(j[5]) + "\t" + str(j[6]) + "\tnan\t" + str(j[7]) + "\n")
f2.close()
print("Successfully written output files!")
return nodes_file, connections_file
################################################################################
################################################################################
################################################################################