feat: Add class and method to implement the algorithm for converting …

…string to integer.

Leetcode problem.

JavaDsaWithTest/src/main/java/org/practice/dsa/leet_code/QuestionAtoIAlgorithm.java

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package org.practice.dsa.leet_code;
+
+public class QuestionAtoIAlgorithm {
+    /*. String to Integer (atoi)
+
+    Implement the myAtoi(string s) function, which converts a string to a 32-bit signed integer.
+
+    The algorithm for myAtoi(string s) is as follows:
+
+    Whitespace: Ignore any leading whitespace (" ").
+    Signedness: Determine the sign by checking if the next character is '-' or '+', assuming positivity is neither present.
+    Conversion: Read the integer by skipping leading zeros until a non-digit character is encountered or the end of the
+    string is reached. If no digits were read, then the result is 0.
+    Rounding: If the integer is out of the 32-bit signed integer range [-231, 231 - 1], then round the integer to remain
+    in the range. Specifically, integers less than -231 should be rounded to -231, and integers greater than 231 - 1 should
+    be rounded to 231 - 1.
+    Return the integer as the final result.
+
+    Example 1:
+    Input: s = "42"
+    Output: 42
+    Explanation:
+    The underlined characters are what is read in and the caret is the current reader position.
+    Step 1: "42" (no characters read because there is no leading whitespace)
+             ^
+    Step 2: "42" (no characters read because there is neither a '-' nor '+')
+             ^
+    Step 3: "42" ("42" is read in)
+               ^
+    Example 2:
+    Input: s = " -042"
+    Output: -42
+    Explanation:
+    Step 1: "   -042" (leading whitespace is read and ignored)
+                ^
+    Step 2: "   -042" ('-' is read, so the result should be negative)
+                 ^
+    Step 3: "   -042" ("042" is read in, leading zeros ignored in the result)
+                   ^
+    Example 3:
+    Input: s = "1337c0d3"
+    Output: 1337
+    Explanation:
+    Step 1: "1337c0d3" (no characters read because there is no leading whitespace)
+             ^
+    Step 2: "1337c0d3" (no characters read because there is neither a '-' nor '+')
+             ^
+    Step 3: "1337c0d3" ("1337" is read in; reading stops because the next character is a non-digit)
+                 ^
+    Example 4:
+    Input: s = "0-1"
+    Output: 0
+    Explanation:
+    Step 1: "0-1" (no characters read because there is no leading whitespace)
+             ^
+    Step 2: "0-1" (no characters read because there is neither a '-' nor '+')
+             ^
+    Step 3: "0-1" ("0" is read in; reading stops because the next character is a non-digit)
+              ^
+    Example 5:
+    Input: s = "words and 987"
+    Output: 0
+    Explanation:
+    Reading stops at the first non-digit character 'w'.
+    */
+
+    public int myAtoi(String s) {
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+}