Fine-Tuning Image-Conditional Diffusion Models

[Paper] [Project Page] [HF demo depth] [HF demo normals] [BibTeX]

🔧 Setup

Tested with Python 3.10.

1. Clone repository:

git clone https://github.com/VisualComputingInstitute/diffusion-e2e-ft.git
cd diffusion-e2e-ft

2. Install dependencies:

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

🤖 Models

The following checkpoints are available for inference. Note that the Marigold (Depth) and GeoWizard (Depth & Normals) diffusion estimators are the official checkpoints provided by their respective authors and were not trained by us. Following the Marigold training regimen, we have trained a Marigold diffusion estimator for normals.

"E2E FT" denotes models we have fine-tuned end-to-end on task-specific losses, either starting from the pretrained diffusion estimator or directly from Stable Diffusion. Since the fine-tuned models are single-step deterministic models, the noise should always be zeros and the ensemble size and number of inference steps should always be 1.

Models	Diffusion Estimator	Stable Diffusion + E2E FT	Diffusion Estimator + E2E FT
Marigold (Depth)	prs-eth/marigold-depth-v1-0	GonzaloMG/stable-diffusion-e2e-ft-depth	GonzaloMG/marigold-e2e-ft-depth
Marigold (Normals)	GonzaloMG/marigold-normals	GonzaloMG/stable-diffusion-e2e-ft-normals	GonzaloMG/marigold-e2e-ft-normals
GeoWizard (Depth&Normals)	lemonaddie/geowizard	N/A	GonzaloMG/geowizard-e2e-ft

🏃 Inference

1. Marigold checkpoints:

python Marigold/run.py \
    --checkpoint="GonzaloMG/marigold-e2e-ft-depth" \
    --modality depth \
    --input_rgb_dir="input" \
    --output_dir="output/marigold_ft"

python Marigold/run.py \
    --checkpoint="GonzaloMG/marigold-e2e-ft-normals" \
    --modality normals \
    --input_rgb_dir="input" \
    --output_dir="output/marigold_ft"

Argument	Description
--checkpoint	Hugging Face model path.
--modality	Output modality; depth or normals.
--input_rgb_dir	Path to the input images.
--output_dir	Path to the output depth or normal images.
--denoise_steps	Number of inference steps; default 1 for E2E FT models.
--ensemble_size	Number of samples for ensemble; default 1 for E2E FT models.
--timestep_spacing	Defines how timesteps are distributed; trailing or leading; default trailing for the fixed inference schedule.
--noise	Noise types; gaussian, pyramid, or zeros; default zeros for E2E FT models.
--processing_res	Resolution the model uses for generation; 0 for matching the RGB input resolution; default 768.
--output_processing_res	If True, the generated image is not resized to match the RGB input resolution; default False.
--half_precision	If True, operations are performed in half precision; default False.
--seed	Sets the seed.
--batch_size	Batched inference when ensembling; default 1.
--resample_method	Resampling method used for resizing the RGB input and generated output; bilinear, bicubic, or nearest; default bilinear.

2. GeoWizard checkpoints:

python GeoWizard/run_infer.py \
    --pretrained_model_path="GonzaloMG/geowizard-e2e-ft" \
    --domain indoor \
    --input_dir="input" \
    --output_dir="output/geowizard_ft"

Argument	Description
--pretrained_model_path	Hugging Face model path.
--domain	Domain with respect to the RGB input; indoor, outdoor, or object.
--input_dir	Path to the input images.
--output_dir	Path to the output depth and normal images.
--denoise_steps	Number of inference steps; default 1 for E2E FT models.
--ensemble_size	Number of samples for ensemble; default 1 for E2E FT models.
--timestep_spacing	Defines how timesteps are distributed; trailing or leading; default trailing for the fixed inference schedule.
--noise	Noise types; gaussian, pyramid, or zeros; default zeros for E2E FT models.
--processing_res	Resolution the model uses for generation; 0 for matching the RGB input resolution; default 768.
--output_processing_res	If True, the generated image is not resized to match the RGB input resolution; default False.
--half_precision	If True, operations are performed in half precision; default False.
--seed	Sets the seed.

By using the correct trailing timestep spacing, it is possible to sample single to few-step depth maps and surface normals from diffusion estimators. These samples will be blurry but become sharper by increasing the number of inference steps, e.g., from 10 to 50. Metrics can be improved by increasing the ensemble size, e.g., to 10. Since diffusion estimators are probabilistic models, the noise setting can be adjusted to either gaussian noise or multiresolution pyramid noise.

Our single-step deterministic E2E FT models outperform the previously mentioned diffusion estimators.

📋 Performance

Depth Method	Inference Time	NYUv2 AbsRel↓	KITTI AbsRel↓	ETH3D AbsRel↓	ScanNet AbsRel↓	DIODE AbsRel↓
Stable Diffusion + E2E FT	121ms	5.4	9.6	6.4	5.8	30.3
Marigold + E2E FT	121ms	5.2	9.6	6.2	5.8	30.2
GeoWizard + E2E FT	254ms	5.6	9.8	6.3	5.9	30.6

Normals Method	Inference Time	NYUv2 Mean↓	ScanNet Mean↓	iBims-1 Mean↓	Sintel Mean↓
Stable Diffusion + E2E FT	121ms	16.5	15.3	16.1	33.5
Marigold + E2E FT	121ms	16.2	14.7	15.8	33.5
GeoWizard + E2E FT	254ms	16.1	14.7	16.2	33.4

Inference time is for a single 576x768-pixel image, evaluated on an NVIDIA RTX 4090 GPU.

📊 Evaluation

We utilize the official Marigold evaluation pipeline to evaluate the affine-invariant depth estimation checkpoints, and we use the official DSINE evaluation pipeline to evaluate the surface normal estimation checkpoints. The code has been streamlined to exclude unnecessary parts, and changes have been marked.

Depth

The Marigold evaluation datasets can be downloaded to data/marigold_eval/ at the root of the project using the following snippet:

wget -r -np -nH --cut-dirs=4 -R "index.html*" -P data/marigold_eval/ https://share.phys.ethz.ch/~pf/bingkedata/marigold/evaluation_dataset/

After downloading, the folder structure should look as follows:

data
└── marigold_eval
    ├── diode
    │   └── diode_val.tar
    ├── eth3d
    │   └── eth3d.tar
    ├── kitti
    │   └── kitti_eigen_split_test.tar
    ├── nyuv2
    │   └── nyu_labeled_extracted.tar
    └── scannet
        └── scannet_val_sampled_800_1.tar

Run the 0_infer_eval_all.sh script to evaluate the desired model on all datasets.

./experiments/depth/eval_args/marigold_e2e_ft/0_infer_eval_all.sh

./experiments/depth/eval_args/stable_diffusion_e2e_ft/0_infer_eval_all.sh

./experiments/depth/eval_args/geowizard_e2e_ft/0_infer_eval_all.sh

The evaluation results for the selected model are located in the experiments/depth/marigold directory. For a given dataset, the script first performs the necessary inference, storing the estimations in a prediction folder. Later, these depth maps are aligned and evaluated against the ground truth. Metrics and evaluation settings are available as .txt files.

<model>
└── <dataset>
    ├── arguments.txt
    ├── eval_metric
    │   └── eval_metrics-least_square.txt
    └── prediction

Normals

The DSINE evaluation datasets (dsine_eval.zip) should be extracted into the data folder at the root of the project. The folder structure should look as follows:

data
└── dsine_eval
   ├── ibims
   ├── nyuv2
   ├── oasis
   ├── scannet
   ├── sintel
   └── vkitti

Run the following commands to evaluate the models on all datasets.

python -m DSINE.projects.dsine.test \
    experiments/normals/eval_args/marigold_e2e_ft.txt \
    --mode benchmark

python -m DSINE.projects.dsine.test \
    experiments/normals/eval_args/stable_diffusion_e2e_ft.txt \
    --mode benchmark

python -m DSINE.projects.dsine.test \
    experiments/normals/eval_args/geowizard_e2e_ft.txt \
    --mode benchmark

Evaluation results are saved in the experiments/normals/dsine folder. This includes the used settings (params.txt) and the metrics for each <dataset> (metrics.txt).

dsine
  └── <model-type/model>
      ├── log
      │   └── params.txt
      └── test
          └── <dataset>
              └── metrics.txt

🎓 Citation

If you use our work in your research, please use the following BibTeX entry.

@article{martingarcia2024diffusione2eft,
  title   = {Fine-Tuning Image-Conditional Diffusion Models is Easier than You Think},
  author  = {Martin Garcia, Gonzalo and Abou Zeid, Karim and Schmidt, Christian and de Geus, Daan and Hermans, Alexander and Leibe, Bastian},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.11355},
  year    = {2024}
}