12.1 Reshaping by Stacking and Unstacking.ipynb

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    "![title](img/cover4.png)"
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   "source": [
    "<center><em>Copyright! This material is protected, please do not copy or distribute.    by:Taher Assaf</em></center>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***\n",
    "<h1 align=\"center\">Udemy course : Python Bootcamp for Data Science 2021 Numpy Pandas & Seaborn</h1> \n",
    "\n",
    "***"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 12.1 Reshaping by Stacking and Unstacking"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "First we import pandas library:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "No we will read a dataframe from a csv file using the function **pd.read_csv()**:"
   ]
  },
  {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sale1</th>\n",
       "      <th>sale2</th>\n",
       "      <th>sale3</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>branch number</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>branch1</th>\n",
       "      <td>200</td>\n",
       "      <td>258</td>\n",
       "      <td>592</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>branch2</th>\n",
       "      <td>328</td>\n",
       "      <td>664</td>\n",
       "      <td>606</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>branch3</th>\n",
       "      <td>870</td>\n",
       "      <td>249</td>\n",
       "      <td>918</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>branch4</th>\n",
       "      <td>209</td>\n",
       "      <td>971</td>\n",
       "      <td>629</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "               sale1  sale2  sale3\n",
       "branch number                     \n",
       "branch1          200    258    592\n",
       "branch2          328    664    606\n",
       "branch3          870    249    918\n",
       "branch4          209    971    629"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = pd.read_csv('data/ex6.csv', index_col = 'branch number')\n",
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can reshape this dataframe where the columns will be the rows using the function **stack()**:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "branch number       \n",
       "branch1        sale1    200\n",
       "               sale2    258\n",
       "               sale3    592\n",
       "branch2        sale1    328\n",
       "               sale2    664\n",
       "               sale3    606\n",
       "branch3        sale1    870\n",
       "               sale2    249\n",
       "               sale3    918\n",
       "branch4        sale1    209\n",
       "               sale2    971\n",
       "               sale3    629\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data2 = data.stack()\n",
    "data2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The **unstack()** function does the opposite: remove the innermost row index to be the columns: "
   ]
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   "execution_count": 4,
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       "               sale1  sale2  sale3\n",
       "branch number                     \n",
       "branch1          200    258    592\n",
       "branch2          328    664    606\n",
       "branch3          870    249    918\n",
       "branch4          209    971    629"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data2.unstack()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can choose which index level to be moved by specifying the level number ( 0 for outer index and 1 for inner index)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th>branch number</th>\n",
       "      <th>branch1</th>\n",
       "      <th>branch2</th>\n",
       "      <th>branch3</th>\n",
       "      <th>branch4</th>\n",
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       "      <th>sale2</th>\n",
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       "      <td>249</td>\n",
       "      <td>971</td>\n",
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       "      <th>sale3</th>\n",
       "      <td>592</td>\n",
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       "      <td>918</td>\n",
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       "branch number  branch1  branch2  branch3  branch4\n",
       "sale1              200      328      870      209\n",
       "sale2              258      664      249      971\n",
       "sale3              592      606      918      629"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   "source": [
    "data2.unstack(0)"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can also specify the index level by its **name**, here instead of **(0)**, we can use **'branch number'**:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th>branch number</th>\n",
       "      <th>branch1</th>\n",
       "      <th>branch2</th>\n",
       "      <th>branch3</th>\n",
       "      <th>branch4</th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
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       "      <th>sale1</th>\n",
       "      <td>200</td>\n",
       "      <td>328</td>\n",
       "      <td>870</td>\n",
       "      <td>209</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sale2</th>\n",
       "      <td>258</td>\n",
       "      <td>664</td>\n",
       "      <td>249</td>\n",
       "      <td>971</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sale3</th>\n",
       "      <td>592</td>\n",
       "      <td>606</td>\n",
       "      <td>918</td>\n",
       "      <td>629</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "branch number  branch1  branch2  branch3  branch4\n",
       "sale1              200      328      870      209\n",
       "sale2              258      664      249      971\n",
       "sale3              592      606      918      629"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data2.unstack('branch number')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For dataframes, lets first read this dataframe and set its index to multiple columns, in this example: 'year' and 'quarters':"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
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   "outputs": [
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       "    <tr>\n",
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       "      <th>quarters</th>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "      <th rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\">2010</th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <td>200</td>\n",
       "      <td>258</td>\n",
       "      <td>592</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
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       "      <td>606</td>\n",
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       "      <th>C</th>\n",
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       "      <td>918</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
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       "      <td>971</td>\n",
       "      <td>629</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\">2011</th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <td>348</td>\n",
       "      <td>863</td>\n",
       "      <td>929</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <td>475</td>\n",
       "      <td>999</td>\n",
       "      <td>610</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <td>944</td>\n",
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       "      <td>540</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "      <td>190</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>673</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\">2012</th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <td>129</td>\n",
       "      <td>936</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>877</td>\n",
       "      <td>181</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <td>646</td>\n",
       "      <td>768</td>\n",
       "      <td>862</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "      <td>284</td>\n",
       "      <td>792</td>\n",
       "      <td>688</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               sale1  sale2  sale3\n",
       "year quarters                     \n",
       "2010 A           200    258    592\n",
       "     B           328    664    606\n",
       "     C           870    249    918\n",
       "     D           209    971    629\n",
       "2011 A           348    863    929\n",
       "     B           475    999    610\n",
       "     C           944    356    540\n",
       "     D           190     12    673\n",
       "2012 A           129    936     14\n",
       "     B            31    877    181\n",
       "     C           646    768    862\n",
       "     D           284    792    688"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "frame1 = pd.read_csv('data/ex5.csv', index_col = ['year', 'quarters'])\n",
    "frame1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To move the innermost row index('quaretrs') to the columns, we use the function **unstack()**:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "      <td>200</td>\n",
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       "      <td>258</td>\n",
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       "      <td>971</td>\n",
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       "      <td>918</td>\n",
       "      <td>629</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2011</th>\n",
       "      <td>348</td>\n",
       "      <td>475</td>\n",
       "      <td>944</td>\n",
       "      <td>190</td>\n",
       "      <td>863</td>\n",
       "      <td>999</td>\n",
       "      <td>356</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>929</td>\n",
       "      <td>610</td>\n",
       "      <td>540</td>\n",
       "      <td>673</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2012</th>\n",
       "      <td>129</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>646</td>\n",
       "      <td>284</td>\n",
       "      <td>936</td>\n",
       "      <td>877</td>\n",
       "      <td>768</td>\n",
       "      <td>792</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>181</td>\n",
       "      <td>862</td>\n",
       "      <td>688</td>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         sale1                sale2                sale3               \n",
       "quarters     A    B    C    D     A    B    C    D     A    B    C    D\n",
       "year                                                                   \n",
       "2010       200  328  870  209   258  664  249  971   592  606  918  629\n",
       "2011       348  475  944  190   863  999  356   12   929  610  540  673\n",
       "2012       129   31  646  284   936  877  768  792    14  181  862  688"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "frame1.unstack()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can also move the outer row index ('year') from rows to the columns:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th colspan=\"3\" halign=\"left\">sale1</th>\n",
       "      <th colspan=\"3\" halign=\"left\">sale2</th>\n",
       "      <th colspan=\"3\" halign=\"left\">sale3</th>\n",
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       "      <th>2010</th>\n",
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       "      <th>2010</th>\n",
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       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <td>200</td>\n",
       "      <td>348</td>\n",
       "      <td>129</td>\n",
       "      <td>258</td>\n",
       "      <td>863</td>\n",
       "      <td>936</td>\n",
       "      <td>592</td>\n",
       "      <td>929</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <td>328</td>\n",
       "      <td>475</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>664</td>\n",
       "      <td>999</td>\n",
       "      <td>877</td>\n",
       "      <td>606</td>\n",
       "      <td>610</td>\n",
       "      <td>181</td>\n",
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       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <td>870</td>\n",
       "      <td>944</td>\n",
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       "      <td>249</td>\n",
       "      <td>356</td>\n",
       "      <td>768</td>\n",
       "      <td>918</td>\n",
       "      <td>540</td>\n",
       "      <td>862</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "      <td>209</td>\n",
       "      <td>190</td>\n",
       "      <td>284</td>\n",
       "      <td>971</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>792</td>\n",
       "      <td>629</td>\n",
       "      <td>673</td>\n",
       "      <td>688</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         sale1           sale2           sale3          \n",
       "year      2010 2011 2012  2010 2011 2012  2010 2011 2012\n",
       "quarters                                                \n",
       "A          200  348  129   258  863  936   592  929   14\n",
       "B          328  475   31   664  999  877   606  610  181\n",
       "C          870  944  646   249  356  768   918  540  862\n",
       "D          209  190  284   971   12  792   629  673  688"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "frame2 = frame1.unstack('year')\n",
    "frame2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To do the oppsite: to move columns to the row index, we use the function **stack()**:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>sale2</th>\n",
       "      <th>sale3</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>quarters</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
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       "      <th>2011</th>\n",
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       "      <td>863</td>\n",
       "      <td>929</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
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       "      <td>129</td>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
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       "      <th rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\">B</th>\n",
       "      <th>2010</th>\n",
       "      <td>328</td>\n",
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       "      <td>606</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2011</th>\n",
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       "      <th>2010</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2011</th>\n",
       "      <td>944</td>\n",
       "      <td>356</td>\n",
       "      <td>540</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2012</th>\n",
       "      <td>646</td>\n",
       "      <td>768</td>\n",
       "      <td>862</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\">D</th>\n",
       "      <th>2010</th>\n",
       "      <td>209</td>\n",
       "      <td>971</td>\n",
       "      <td>629</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2011</th>\n",
       "      <td>190</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2012</th>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               sale1  sale2  sale3\n",
       "quarters year                     \n",
       "A        2010    200    258    592\n",
       "         2011    348    863    929\n",
       "         2012    129    936     14\n",
       "B        2010    328    664    606\n",
       "         2011    475    999    610\n",
       "         2012     31    877    181\n",
       "C        2010    870    249    918\n",
       "         2011    944    356    540\n",
       "         2012    646    768    862\n",
       "D        2010    209    971    629\n",
       "         2011    190     12    673\n",
       "         2012    284    792    688"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "frame2.stack()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***\n",
    "\n",
    "<h1 align=\"center\">Thank You</h1> \n",
    "\n",
    "***"
   ]
  }
 ],
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