diff --git a/phpunit/blocks/render-block-table-of-contents-test.php b/phpunit/blocks/render-block-table-of-contents-test.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..34ea7ff88e04fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/blocks/render-block-table-of-contents-test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Table of Contents block rendering tests.
+ *
+ * @package WordPress
+ * @subpackage Blocks
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Tests for the Table of Contents block.
+ *
+ * @group blocks
+ */
+class Tests_Blocks_Render_Table_Of_Contents extends WP_UnitTestCase {
+	/** @var WP_Post */
+	protected static $page;
+
+	/** @var array|null */
+	protected $original_block_supports;
+
+	public static function wpSetUpBeforeClass() {
+		self::$page = self::factory()->post->create_and_get(
+			array(
+				'post_type'   => 'page',
+				'post_status' => 'publish',
+			)
+		);
+
+		add_post_meta(
+			self::$page->ID,
+			'table_of_contents',
+			'[{"content":"Heading text","level":2,"link":"#heading-text"},{"content":"A sub-heading","level":3,"link":"#a-sub-heading"}]',
+			true
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function set_up() {
+		parent::set_up();
+		$this->original_block_supports      = WP_Block_Supports::$block_to_render;
+		WP_Block_Supports::$block_to_render = array(
+			'attrs'     => array(),
+			'blockName' => 'core/table-of-contents',
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function tear_down() {
+		WP_Block_Supports::$block_to_render = $this->original_block_supports;
+		parent::tear_down();
+	}
+
+	public static function wpTearDownAfterClass() {
+		wp_delete_post( self::$page->ID, true );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @covers ::render_block_core_table_of_contents
+	 */
+	public function test_render_deprecated_content() {
+		$content = '<nav class="wp-block-table-of-contents"><ol><li><a class="wp-block-table-of-contents__entry" href="#heading-text">Heading text</a><ol><li><a class="wp-block-table-of-contents__entry" href="#a-sub-heading">A sub-heading</a></li></ol></li></ol></nav>';
+
+		$parsed_blocks = parse_blocks(
+			'<!-- wp:table-of-contents {"headings":[{"content":"Heading text","level":2,"link":"#heading-text"},{"content":"A sub-heading","level":3,"link":"#a-sub-heading"}]} -->
+			<nav class="wp-block-table-of-contents"><ol><li><a class="wp-block-table-of-contents__entry" href="#heading-text">Heading text</a><ol><li><a class="wp-block-table-of-contents__entry" href="#a-sub-heading">A sub-heading</a></li></ol></li></ol></nav>
+			<!-- /wp:table-of-contents -->'
+		);
+		$block         = new WP_Block(
+			$parsed_blocks[0],
+			array(
+				'postId'   => self::$page->ID,
+				'postType' => self::$page->post_type,
+			)
+		);
+
+		$new_content = gutenberg_render_block_core_table_of_contents( array(), $content, $block );
+		$this->assertStringContainsString(
+			'<a class="wp-block-table-of-contents__entry" href="#heading-text">Heading text</a>',
+			$new_content,
+			'Failed to render a heading element'
+		);
+		$this->assertStringContainsString(
+			'<a class="wp-block-table-of-contents__entry" href="#a-sub-heading">A sub-heading</a>',
+			$new_content,
+			'Failed to render a sub-heading element'
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @covers ::render_block_core_table_of_contents
+	 */
+	public function test_render_table_of_contents_from_meta() {
+		$parsed_blocks = parse_blocks( '<!-- wp:table-of-contents /-->' );
+		$block         = new WP_Block(
+			$parsed_blocks[0],
+			array(
+				'postId'   => self::$page->ID,
+				'postType' => self::$page->post_type,
+			)
+		);
+
+		$new_content = gutenberg_render_block_core_table_of_contents( array(), '', $block );
+		$this->assertStringContainsString(
+			'<a class="wp-block-table-of-contents__entry" href="#heading-text">Heading text</a>',
+			$new_content,
+			'Failed to render a heading element from meta'
+		);
+		$this->assertStringContainsString(
+			'<a class="wp-block-table-of-contents__entry" href="#a-sub-heading">A sub-heading</a>',
+			$new_content,
+			'Failed to render a sub-heading element from meta'
+		);
+	}
+}