diff --git a/src/shared/particle_dynamics/diffusion_optimization_dynamics/diffusion_splitting_base.h b/src/shared/particle_dynamics/diffusion_optimization_dynamics/diffusion_splitting_base.h
index 61c3a9115b..660cde9dd3 100644
--- a/src/shared/particle_dynamics/diffusion_optimization_dynamics/diffusion_splitting_base.h
+++ b/src/shared/particle_dynamics/diffusion_optimization_dynamics/diffusion_splitting_base.h
@@ -50,17 +50,19 @@ namespace SPH
 
 	public:
 		size_t phi_;
-		StdLargeVec<int> splitting_index_;
-		StdLargeVec<Real> &Vol_, &mass_;
-        StdLargeVec<Real> &heat_flux_, &heat_source_;
+		StdLargeVec<Real>& Vol_, & mass_;
+		StdLargeVec<Vecd>& normal_vector_;
+		StdLargeVec<VariableType>& variable_;
+		StdLargeVec<Real>& heat_flux_, & heat_source_;
+		StdLargeVec<int> &splitting_index_;
 		StdLargeVec<Real> &species_modified_, &species_recovery_;
 		StdLargeVec<Real> &parameter_recovery_, &eta_regularization_;
 		StdLargeVec<Real> &residual_T_local_, &residual_T_global_;
 		StdLargeVec<Real> &residual_k_local_, &residual_k_global_;
 		StdLargeVec<Real> &variation_local_, &variation_global_;
 		StdLargeVec<Real> &residual_after_splitting_;
-        StdLargeVec<Vecd> &normal_vector_;
-		StdLargeVec<VariableType> &variable_;
+       
+		
 		StdVec<BaseDiffusion*> all_diffusion_;
 
 		virtual void interaction(size_t index_i, Real dt = 0.0) = 0;
diff --git a/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem1_same_sink_nonop/VP_problem1_same_sink_nonop.cpp b/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem1_same_sink_nonop/VP_problem1_same_sink_nonop.cpp
index e500d4794d..7b37776154 100644
--- a/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem1_same_sink_nonop/VP_problem1_same_sink_nonop.cpp
+++ b/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem1_same_sink_nonop/VP_problem1_same_sink_nonop.cpp
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ int main(int ac, char* av[])
 	int ite = sph_system.RestartStep();
 	Real T0 = 10;
 	Real End_Time = T0;
-	Real Observe_time = 0.01 * End_Time;
 	int restart_output_interval = 1000;
 	Real dt = 0.0;
 	Real current_averaged_temperature = 0.0;
@@ -248,7 +247,6 @@ int main(int ac, char* av[])
 
 	while (GlobalStaticVariables::physical_time_ < End_Time)
 	{
-		Real integration_time = 0.0;
 		dt = get_time_step_size.exec();
 		if (ite % 500 == 0)
 		{
diff --git a/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem1_same_sink_opt/VP_problem1_same_sink_opt.cpp b/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem1_same_sink_opt/VP_problem1_same_sink_opt.cpp
index f981f519c7..6119bf7071 100644
--- a/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem1_same_sink_opt/VP_problem1_same_sink_opt.cpp
+++ b/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem1_same_sink_opt/VP_problem1_same_sink_opt.cpp
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ int main()
 
 	int ite_T_total = 1;           /* define the total iteration for temperature splitting. */
 	int ite_k_total = 1;           /* define the total iteration for parameter splitting. */
-	int ite_rg_total = 1;          /* define the total iteration for parameter regularization. */
+	//int ite_rg_total = 1;          /* define the total iteration for parameter regularization. */
 	int ite_loop = 0;              /* define loop index for optimization cycle. */
 
 	int ite_T_comparison_opt = 0;  /* define the real step for splitting temperature by sloving PDE. */
@@ -233,14 +233,14 @@ int main()
 	Real dt = 0.0;                 /* time step size. */
 
 	/* Averaged parameter of the last cycle. */
-	Real averaged_residual_T_last_local(10.0);
+	//Real averaged_residual_T_last_local(10.0);
 	Real averaged_residual_T_last_global(10.0);
-	Real averaged_residual_k_last_local(10.0);
-	Real averaged_residual_k_last_global(10.0);
-	Real averaged_variation_last_local(10.0);
+	//Real averaged_residual_k_last_local(10.0);
+	//Real averaged_residual_k_last_global(10.0);
+	//Real averaged_variation_last_local(10.0);
 	Real averaged_variation_last_global(10.0);
 	Real maximum_residual_T_last_global(10.0);
-	Real maximum_residual_k_last_global(10.0);
+	//Real maximum_residual_k_last_global(10.0);
 	Real maximum_variation_last_global(10.0);
 
 	/* Averaged parameter of the current cycle. */
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ int main()
 	Real maximum_variation_current_global(10.0);
 
 	/* Initial parameter for limitation. */
-	Real initial_averaged_residual_T = 0.0;
-	Real initial_averaged_variation = 0.0;
+	//Real initial_averaged_residual_T = 0.0;
+	//Real initial_averaged_variation = 0.0;
 	Real opt_averaged_temperature = 0.0;
 	Real nonopt_averaged_temperature = Infinity;
 	Real averaged_k_parameter = 0.0;
@@ -270,9 +270,9 @@ int main()
 
 	/* Parameters related to parameter convergence. */
 	Real relative_average_variation_difference = 1.0;
-	Real relative_maximum_variation_difference = 1.0;
-	Real last_averaged_variation = 0.0;
-	Real current_averaged_variation = 0.0;
+	//Real relative_maximum_variation_difference = 1.0;
+	//Real last_averaged_variation = 0.0;
+	//Real current_averaged_variation = 0.0;
 
 	/* Gradient descent parameter for objective function.*/
 	Real decay_step_alpha = 1; /* The decay step for learning rate. */
@@ -385,14 +385,12 @@ int main()
 
 	update_regularization_global_variation.exec(dt_ratio_rg * dt);
 	averaged_variation_current_global = calculate_regularization_global_variation.exec();
-	initial_averaged_variation = averaged_variation_current_global;
 	maximum_variation_current_global = calculate_maximum_variation.exec();
 	maximum_variation_last_global = maximum_variation_current_global;
 
 	update_temperature_pde_residual.exec(dt);
 	averaged_residual_T_current_global = calculate_temperature_global_residual.exec();
 	averaged_residual_T_last_global = averaged_residual_T_current_global;
-	initial_averaged_residual_T = averaged_residual_T_current_global;
 	maximum_residual_T_current_global = calculate_maximum_residual.exec();
 	maximum_residual_T_last_global = maximum_residual_T_current_global;
 
@@ -549,7 +547,7 @@ int main()
 		relative_temperature_difference = abs(current_averaged_temperature - last_averaged_temperature) / last_averaged_temperature;
 		relative_average_variation_difference = abs(averaged_variation_current_global - averaged_variation_last_global) / abs(averaged_variation_last_global);
 		averaged_variation_last_global = averaged_variation_current_global;
-		relative_maximum_variation_difference = abs(maximum_variation_current_global - maximum_variation_last_global) / abs(maximum_variation_last_global);
+		//relative_maximum_variation_difference = abs(maximum_variation_current_global - maximum_variation_last_global) / abs(maximum_variation_last_global);
 		maximum_variation_last_global = maximum_variation_current_global;
 		out_file_eta_regularization << std::fixed << std::setprecision(12) << ite_loop << "   " << current_eta_regularization << "\n";
 
diff --git a/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem4_heat_flux_nonop/VP_problem4_heat_flux_nonop.cpp b/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem4_heat_flux_nonop/VP_problem4_heat_flux_nonop.cpp
index 648fdee906..5345ced88a 100644
--- a/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem4_heat_flux_nonop/VP_problem4_heat_flux_nonop.cpp
+++ b/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem4_heat_flux_nonop/VP_problem4_heat_flux_nonop.cpp
@@ -259,7 +259,6 @@ int main(int ac, char* av[])
 	int ite = sph_system.RestartStep();
 	Real T0 = 10;
 	Real End_Time = T0;
-	Real Observe_time = 0.01 * End_Time;
 	int restart_output_interval = 1000;
 	Real dt = 0.0;
 	Real current_averaged_temperature = 0.0;
@@ -279,7 +278,6 @@ int main(int ac, char* av[])
 
 	while (GlobalStaticVariables::physical_time_ < End_Time)
 	{
-		Real integration_time = 0.0;
 		dt = get_time_step_size.exec();
 		if (ite % 500 == 0)
 		{
diff --git a/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem4_heat_flux_opt/VP_problem4_heat_flux_opt.cpp b/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem4_heat_flux_opt/VP_problem4_heat_flux_opt.cpp
index 5380c11d54..4e94b9e6a8 100644
--- a/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem4_heat_flux_opt/VP_problem4_heat_flux_opt.cpp
+++ b/tests/user_examples/test_2d_VP_problem4_heat_flux_opt/VP_problem4_heat_flux_opt.cpp
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ int main()
 
 	int ite_T_total = 1;           /* define the total iteration for temperature splitting. */
 	int ite_k_total = 1;           /* define the total iteration for parameter splitting. */
-	int ite_rg_total = 1;          /* define the total iteration for parameter regularization. */
+	//int ite_rg_total = 1;          /* define the total iteration for parameter regularization. */
 	int ite_loop = 0;              /* define loop index for optimization cycle. */
 
 	int ite_T_comparison_opt = 0;  /* define the real step for splitting temperature by sloving PDE. */
@@ -254,14 +254,14 @@ int main()
 	Real dt = 0.0;                 /* time step size. */
 
 	/* Averaged parameter of the last cycle. */
-	Real averaged_residual_T_last_local(10.0);
+	//Real averaged_residual_T_last_local(10.0);
 	Real averaged_residual_T_last_global(10.0);
-	Real averaged_residual_k_last_local(10.0);
-	Real averaged_residual_k_last_global(10.0);
-	Real averaged_variation_last_local(10.0);
+	//Real averaged_residual_k_last_local(10.0);
+	//Real averaged_residual_k_last_global(10.0);
+	//Real averaged_variation_last_local(10.0);
 	Real averaged_variation_last_global(10.0);
 	Real maximum_residual_T_last_global(10.0);
-	Real maximum_residual_k_last_global(10.0);
+	//Real maximum_residual_k_last_global(10.0);
 	Real maximum_variation_last_global(10.0);
 
 	/* Averaged parameter of the current cycle. */
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ int main()
 	Real maximum_variation_current_global(10.0);
 
 	/* Initial parameter for limitation. */
-	Real initial_averaged_residual_T = 0.0;
-	Real initial_averaged_variation = 0.0;
+	//Real initial_averaged_residual_T = 0.0;
+	//Real initial_averaged_variation = 0.0;
 	Real opt_averaged_temperature = 0.0;
 	Real nonopt_averaged_temperature = Infinity;
 	Real boundary_averaged_temperature = 0.0;
@@ -292,9 +292,9 @@ int main()
 
 	/* Parameters related to parameter convergence. */
 	Real relative_average_variation_difference = 1.0;
-	Real relative_maximum_variation_difference = 1.0;
-	Real last_averaged_variation = 0.0;
-	Real current_averaged_variation = 0.0;
+	//Real relative_maximum_variation_difference = 1.0;
+	//Real last_averaged_variation = 0.0;
+	//Real current_averaged_variation = 0.0;
 
 	/* Gradient descent parameter for objective function.*/
 	Real decay_step_alpha = 1; /* The decay step for learning rate. */
@@ -415,14 +415,12 @@ int main()
 
 	update_regularization_global_variation.exec(dt_ratio_rg * dt);
 	averaged_variation_current_global = calculate_regularization_global_variation.exec();
-	initial_averaged_variation = averaged_variation_current_global;
 	maximum_variation_current_global = calculate_maximum_variation.exec();
 	maximum_variation_last_global = maximum_variation_current_global;
 
 	update_temperature_pde_residual.exec(dt_ratio_t * dt);
 	averaged_residual_T_current_global = calculate_temperature_global_residual.exec();
 	averaged_residual_T_last_global = averaged_residual_T_current_global;
-	initial_averaged_residual_T = averaged_residual_T_current_global;
 	maximum_residual_T_current_global = calculate_maximum_residual.exec();
 	maximum_residual_T_last_global = maximum_residual_T_current_global;
 
@@ -583,7 +581,7 @@ int main()
 		relative_temperature_difference = abs(current_averaged_temperature - last_averaged_temperature) / last_averaged_temperature;
 		relative_average_variation_difference = abs(averaged_variation_current_global - averaged_variation_last_global) / abs(averaged_variation_last_global);
 		averaged_variation_last_global = averaged_variation_current_global;
-		relative_maximum_variation_difference = abs(maximum_variation_current_global - maximum_variation_last_global) / abs(maximum_variation_last_global);
+		//relative_maximum_variation_difference = abs(maximum_variation_current_global - maximum_variation_last_global) / abs(maximum_variation_last_global);
 		maximum_variation_last_global = maximum_variation_current_global;
 		out_file_eta_regularization << std::fixed << std::setprecision(12) << ite_loop << "   " << current_eta_regularization << "\n";