diff --git a/apps/smart-forms-app/package.json b/apps/smart-forms-app/package.json
index 915be1f2..56d439dd 100644
--- a/apps/smart-forms-app/package.json
+++ b/apps/smart-forms-app/package.json
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
   "homepage": "https://github.com/aehrc/smart-forms#readme",
   "dependencies": {
     "@aehrc/sdc-assemble": "^1.2.0",
-    "@aehrc/sdc-populate": "^2.2.2",
-    "@aehrc/smart-forms-renderer": "^0.35.6",
+    "@aehrc/sdc-populate": "^2.2.3",
+    "@aehrc/smart-forms-renderer": "^0.35.7",
     "@emotion/react": "^11.11.4",
     "@emotion/styled": "^11.11.5",
     "@fontsource/material-icons": "^5.0.16",
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 073fee32..54c9858d 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@aehrc/sdc-assemble": "^1.2.0",
-        "@aehrc/sdc-populate": "^2.2.2",
-        "@aehrc/smart-forms-renderer": "^0.35.6",
+        "@aehrc/sdc-populate": "^2.2.3",
+        "@aehrc/smart-forms-renderer": "^0.35.7",
         "@emotion/react": "^11.11.4",
         "@emotion/styled": "^11.11.5",
         "@fontsource/material-icons": "^5.0.16",
@@ -41613,7 +41613,7 @@
     },
     "packages/sdc-populate": {
       "name": "@aehrc/sdc-populate",
-      "version": "2.2.2",
+      "version": "2.2.3",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "dayjs": "^1.11.10",
@@ -41661,10 +41661,10 @@
     },
     "packages/smart-forms-renderer": {
       "name": "@aehrc/smart-forms-renderer",
-      "version": "0.35.6",
+      "version": "0.35.7",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@aehrc/sdc-populate": "^2.2.2",
+        "@aehrc/sdc-populate": "^2.2.3",
         "@iconify/react": "^4.1.1",
         "dayjs": "^1.11.10",
         "deep-diff": "^1.0.2",
diff --git a/packages/sdc-populate/package.json b/packages/sdc-populate/package.json
index fc7b14a7..a351bbd4 100644
--- a/packages/sdc-populate/package.json
+++ b/packages/sdc-populate/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@aehrc/sdc-populate",
-  "version": "2.2.2",
+  "version": "2.2.3",
   "description": "Performs the $populate operation from the HL7 FHIR SDC (Structured Data Capture) specification: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc",
   "main": "lib/index.js",
   "scripts": {
diff --git a/packages/sdc-populate/src/SDCPopulateQuestionnaireOperation/utils/parse.ts b/packages/sdc-populate/src/SDCPopulateQuestionnaireOperation/utils/parse.ts
index 682baae6..1c040d62 100644
--- a/packages/sdc-populate/src/SDCPopulateQuestionnaireOperation/utils/parse.ts
+++ b/packages/sdc-populate/src/SDCPopulateQuestionnaireOperation/utils/parse.ts
@@ -26,35 +26,35 @@ import { checkIsDateTime, checkIsTime, convertDateTimeToDate } from './construct
 export function parseItemInitialToAnswer(
   initial: QuestionnaireItemInitial
 ): QuestionnaireResponseItemAnswer | null {
-  if (initial.valueBoolean) {
+  if (typeof initial.valueBoolean === 'boolean') {
     return { valueBoolean: initial.valueBoolean };
   }
 
-  if (initial.valueDecimal) {
+  if (typeof initial.valueDecimal === 'number') {
     return { valueDecimal: initial.valueDecimal };
   }
 
-  if (initial.valueInteger) {
+  if (typeof initial.valueInteger === 'number') {
     return { valueInteger: initial.valueInteger };
   }
 
-  if (initial.valueDate) {
+  if (typeof initial.valueDate === 'string') {
     return { valueDate: initial.valueDate };
   }
 
-  if (initial.valueDateTime) {
+  if (typeof initial.valueDateTime === 'string') {
     return { valueDateTime: initial.valueDateTime };
   }
 
-  if (initial.valueTime) {
+  if (typeof initial.valueTime === 'string') {
     return { valueTime: initial.valueTime };
   }
 
-  if (initial.valueString) {
+  if (typeof initial.valueString === 'string') {
     return { valueString: initial.valueString };
   }
 
-  if (initial.valueUri) {
+  if (typeof initial.valueUri === 'string') {
     return { valueUri: initial.valueUri };
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/smart-forms-renderer/package.json b/packages/smart-forms-renderer/package.json
index 44da8520..66c12be7 100644
--- a/packages/smart-forms-renderer/package.json
+++ b/packages/smart-forms-renderer/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@aehrc/smart-forms-renderer",
-  "version": "0.35.6",
+  "version": "0.35.7",
   "description": "FHIR Structured Data Captured (SDC) rendering engine for Smart Forms",
   "main": "lib/index.js",
   "scripts": {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   },
   "homepage": "https://github.com/aehrc/smart-forms#readme",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@aehrc/sdc-populate": "^2.2.2",
+    "@aehrc/sdc-populate": "^2.2.3",
     "@iconify/react": "^4.1.1",
     "dayjs": "^1.11.10",
     "deep-diff": "^1.0.2",
diff --git a/packages/smart-forms-renderer/src/components/FormComponents/BooleanItem/BooleanItem.tsx b/packages/smart-forms-renderer/src/components/FormComponents/BooleanItem/BooleanItem.tsx
index 33739397..9894b253 100644
--- a/packages/smart-forms-renderer/src/components/FormComponents/BooleanItem/BooleanItem.tsx
+++ b/packages/smart-forms-renderer/src/components/FormComponents/BooleanItem/BooleanItem.tsx
@@ -48,7 +48,10 @@ function BooleanItem(props: BooleanItemProps) {
 
   const readOnly = useReadOnly(qItem, parentIsReadOnly);
 
-  const valueBoolean = qrItem?.answer && qrItem.answer[0].valueBoolean;
+  let valueBoolean: boolean | undefined = undefined;
+  if (qrItem?.answer?.[0]?.valueBoolean !== undefined) {
+    valueBoolean = qrItem.answer[0].valueBoolean;
+  }
 
   // Process calculated expressions
   const { calcExpUpdated } = useBooleanCalculatedExpression({
diff --git a/packages/smart-forms-renderer/src/utils/initialise.ts b/packages/smart-forms-renderer/src/utils/initialise.ts
index 0f3d0ceb..b4b6c741 100644
--- a/packages/smart-forms-renderer/src/utils/initialise.ts
+++ b/packages/smart-forms-renderer/src/utils/initialise.ts
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ function getInitialValueAnswers(qItem: QuestionnaireItem): QuestionnaireResponse
   }
 
   return initialValues
-    .map((initialValue) => initialValueSwitcher(initialValue))
+    .map((initialValue) => parseItemInitialToAnswer(initialValue))
     .filter((item): item is QuestionnaireResponseItemAnswer => item !== null);
 }
 
@@ -231,55 +231,55 @@ function getInitialValueAnswersFromRepeatGroup(qItem: QuestionnaireItem) {
     .filter((childQRItem) => childQRItem.answer && childQRItem.answer.length > 0);
 }
 
-function initialValueSwitcher(
-  initialValue: QuestionnaireItemInitial
+export function parseItemInitialToAnswer(
+  initial: QuestionnaireItemInitial
 ): QuestionnaireResponseItemAnswer | null {
-  if (initialValue.valueBoolean) {
-    return { valueBoolean: initialValue.valueBoolean };
+  if (typeof initial.valueBoolean === 'boolean') {
+    return { valueBoolean: initial.valueBoolean };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueDecimal) {
-    return { valueDecimal: initialValue.valueDecimal };
+  if (typeof initial.valueDecimal === 'number') {
+    return { valueDecimal: initial.valueDecimal };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueInteger) {
-    return { valueInteger: initialValue.valueInteger };
+  if (typeof initial.valueInteger === 'number') {
+    return { valueInteger: initial.valueInteger };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueDate) {
-    return { valueDate: initialValue.valueDate };
+  if (typeof initial.valueDate === 'string') {
+    return { valueDate: initial.valueDate };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueDateTime) {
-    return { valueDateTime: initialValue.valueDateTime };
+  if (typeof initial.valueDateTime === 'string') {
+    return { valueDateTime: initial.valueDateTime };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueTime) {
-    return { valueTime: initialValue.valueTime };
+  if (typeof initial.valueTime === 'string') {
+    return { valueTime: initial.valueTime };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueString) {
-    return { valueString: initialValue.valueString };
+  if (typeof initial.valueString === 'string') {
+    return { valueString: initial.valueString };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueUri) {
-    return { valueUri: initialValue.valueUri };
+  if (typeof initial.valueUri === 'string') {
+    return { valueUri: initial.valueUri };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueAttachment) {
-    return { valueAttachment: initialValue.valueAttachment };
+  if (initial.valueAttachment) {
+    return { valueAttachment: initial.valueAttachment };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueCoding) {
-    return { valueCoding: initialValue.valueCoding };
+  if (initial.valueCoding) {
+    return { valueCoding: initial.valueCoding };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueQuantity) {
-    return { valueQuantity: initialValue.valueQuantity };
+  if (initial.valueQuantity) {
+    return { valueQuantity: initial.valueQuantity };
   }
 
-  if (initialValue.valueReference) {
-    return { valueReference: initialValue.valueReference };
+  if (initial.valueReference) {
+    return { valueReference: initial.valueReference };
   }
 
   return null;