[CLIENT-1837] CI/CD: Refactor stage tests #3068

Job	Run time
generate-coverage-report	21m 25s
lint	17s
build (3.8)	1m 16s
check-links-docs	23s
build (3.9)	1m 7s
spellcheck-docs	29s
build (3.10)	1m 6s
build (3.11)	1m 7s
build (3.12)	1m 5s
test-memray	10m 41s
test-ee	8m 54s
test-ce (3.8)	10m 29s
stubtest	11s
test-ce (3.9)	10m 24s
test-lowest-supported-server	14m 21s
test-ce (3.10)	10m 28s
test-ce (3.11)	10m 15s
test-ce (3.12)	10m 25s
test-ce-latest-release	0s
coverage-upload	37s
	1h 55m 0s

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