[CLIENT-1837] CI/CD: Refactor stage tests

[juliannguyen4]

TODO

• delete tags, reset env vars

Extra changes:

• Remove workflow_dispatch trigger from stage-tests.yml; use build-and-run-stage-tests.yml instead for building artifacts and running the stage tests on them from an arbitrary branch.

Regression testing:

• build-and-run-stage-tests (Some macos tests fail because of noise, but this is fine because macos tests are skipped in the dev-to-stage workflow. I had to merge and squash this PR into the dev-test branch as part of the testing, because this PR contains new composite actions that the dev-test branch doesn't have yet): https://github.com/aerospike/aerospike-client-python/actions/runs/9651608182
• dev-to-stage: https://github.com/aerospike/aerospike-client-python/actions/runs/9654301925

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.33%. Comparing base (0de5226) to head (ef46de6).
Report is 8 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##              dev     #633   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   81.33%   81.33%           
=======================================
  Files         100      100           
  Lines       15341    15341           
=======================================
  Hits        12477    12477           
  Misses       2864     2864           

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[justinlee-aerospike]

changes look good