My Issues is a prototypical citizen-centric e-participation platform which aims to enhance the quantity and quality of communication between citizens and their representatives in legislature.
This is the repository of the code which runs it! This readme is a brief overview of implementation details & requirements. Please browse through the repository's Source if you would like to get acquainted with and understand the code a little.
Much of this platform has been rapidly prototyped in under 4 months (January-April 2015), with the primary goal of obtaining feedback on concepts and user experience in order to iterate on platform design. Due to this, much of the code (particularly the back-end) isn't production-grade; for example, there are no proper classes for the concepts of users, issues, etc., in part because dictionaries' structures/schemas may be adjusted more easily than classes/ODMs when rapidly prototyping, in parallel with the schema of their corresponding MongoDB document(s).
This codebase is not great and helped to find what works & what doesn't work. It should maybe inspire but not itself be used, and instead be re-designed/implemented with a better back-end structure, authentication, etc. And more modern front-end implementation, e.g. (maybe) React. Furthermore, Openshift no longer supports the method of deployment this app was designed for, so the app would likely need to be Docker-ized or adapted for AWS before being able to be run outside of a local environment.
To run this platform on a machine, at minimum, Windows or Linux with a Python (3.3+) installation and dependent modules are required, along with access to either a local or remotely-hosted (e.g. through MongoLabs) MongoDB instance or cluster. If running on one machine, in your settings.ini file set sessions_type to file (it will then use the tmp_data directory for storing sessions); if running multiple instances (e.g. in scalable cloud hosting), access to a central redis or memcached (untested) instance or cluster is required for session storage, setting sessions_type appropriately.
You will likely need to install the Python dependencies in requirements.txt and look at boot.py and settings.default.ini to see which configuration arguments are required in your root 'settings.ini' (for local) or in your environment variables (for deployment).
The 'entry-point' is boot.py, which initializes and launches the application. It is enough to simply run that file with Python to initialize the application - it is configured to use CherryPy Python server by default when run directly or as a service. To run the application locally, on whichever port is configured in your settings.ini, type in your command-line: python boot.py from the directory boot.py is in.
For running on Apache-compatible hosting (e.g. AWS EC2, previously Openshift), the wsgi.py file includes boot.py to grab the application.
Though now not particularly recommended, it is possible to install on Windows as a service and then manage it like all others in your services.msc. This requires PyWin32. May be installed by running python installAsWinService.py install from root directory of application.
Module dependencies are listed in both the OpenShift-specific setup.py file as well as in boot.py. Make sure you have them, install via command-line with pip or easy_install: pip install <name_of_module> or easy_install <name_of_module>.
My Issues is an online platform which seeks to increase representation of any constituency’s interests to constituency’s legislature by leveraging evolving concepts of user experience (UX) design and collaborative content generation in the field of software development. Ideally, the platform will counter-balance the influence of special-interest lobbyists – many of whom are not direct members of the constituency of the legislator which they are lobbying to. In a dangerous plausible scenario, a lobbyist’s interests might be more closely aligned with interests of a foreign power than with interests of the constituency.
Encroachment on a constituency’s representatives is sometimes evident in the lobbying efforts of resourceful entities. U.S. Representative Tony Cárdenas, in context of discussing the disproportionate influence of Comcast Corporation’s lobbying efforts on legislative decision-making, resolves via a Reddit post that while decision-making based solely on positions presented by lobbyists is rare, “Hearing people who are completely sure of themselves making a case helps me see parts of it I may not have seen before.”[1] Cárdenas also demonstrates a difficulty in identifying preferences of constituencies: “I don't get to be black and white. I have 750,000 shades of greyscale in my district…”[2] Disproportionate representation of interests thus appears to be catalyzed in part by legislators’ lack of access to definite comprehensible information about their constituencies’ preferences.[3] Additionally, much of the population arguably perceives real and imagined hindrances to individual participation in the form of a large & increasing constituent–representative ratio (average of over 738,000-to-1 for U.S. House of Representatives)[4] and depressed availability of time & interest to allocate to civic participation relative to immediate needs[5].
The My Issues platform adapts concepts exemplified in precedent online collaborative and social platforms to transparently aggregate and present constituencies’ preferences regarding relevant issues as well as possible responses to those issues. Reddit’s voting & ranking mechanism informs a similar design in My Issues for aggregating constituent preferences while Wikipedia’s mechanism for iteratively revising an article to reach and maintain consensus of article’s content and structure is adapted for issue definitions. Simple-to-use, rapidly-loading, and engaging user experiences in popular social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook inform UX design in My Issues and simultaneously serve as conduits for cascading the visibility of the collaboratively-defined issues and consequently, visibility of and participation on the My Issues platform itself. Further work includes iterating on elements of platform design in response to feedback – e.g. mechanism function, UX, ‘branding’ & other details – and implementing alongside already-planned components – e.g. constituent authentication, settings pages.
[1] Cárdenas, Tony, "Proud Today That I Became One of the First House Members Vocally AGAINST Comcast/Time-Warner," Reddit, February 18, 2015, accessed July 4, 2015, https://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/2wcoxy/proud_today_that_i_became_one_of_the_first_house/copx5zn.
[2] Ibid.
[3] As well as lack of access by other legislatively influential entities, e.g. politicians, business leaders, media, and other constituents.
[4] The U.S. House of Representatives is limited by law to 435 members, while the overall population of the United States (321,288,000 – on July 14, 2015 at 1:13PM EST) is currently increasing at a rate of one (+1) every twelve seconds.
- “The House Explained,” United States House of Representatives, accessed November 18, 2014, http://www.house.gov/content/learn/.
- “Population Clock,” United States Census Bureau, accessed July 14, 2015, http://www.census.gov/popclock/.
[5] E.g. shopping for groceries & essential products, taking care of & educating children, household maintenance & upkeep.
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Home Page - Filtering by Topic
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About Page - Introduction
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Issue Page - Editing / Contributing / Revising
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