diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index 95bc5b0a..6e971c0d 100755
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -2,23 +2,40 @@ APP_NAME=LaraBlog
 APP_ENV=local
 APP_KEY=
 APP_DEBUG=true
-APP_LOG_LEVEL=debug
+APP_TIMEZONE=UTC
 APP_URL=http://localhost
 
+APP_LOCALE=en
+APP_FALLBACK_LOCALE=en
+APP_FAKER_LOCALE=en_US
+
+APP_MAINTENANCE_DRIVER=file
+APP_MAINTENANCE_STORE=database
+
+BCRYPT_ROUNDS=12
+
+LOG_CHANNEL=stack
+LOG_STACK=single
+LOG_DEPRECATIONS_CHANNEL=null
+LOG_LEVEL=debug
+
 DB_CONNECTION=mysql
 DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
 DB_PORT=3306
-DB_DATABASE=homestead
+DB_DATABASE=larablog
 DB_USERNAME=root
 DB_PASSWORD=
 
-BROADCAST_DRIVER=log
-CACHE_DRIVER=array
-SESSION_DRIVER=file
-QUEUE_DRIVER=database
+BROADCAST_CONNECTION=log
+FILESYSTEM_DISK=local
+QUEUE_CONNECTION=database
 
-TELESCOPE_ENABLED=true
+CACHE_STORE=database
+CACHE_PREFIX=
 
+MEMCACHED_HOST=127.0.0.1
+
+REDIS_CLIENT=phpredis
 REDIS_HOST=127.0.0.1
 REDIS_PASSWORD=null
 REDIS_PORT=6379
@@ -32,9 +49,13 @@ MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null
 MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS=null
 MAIL_FROM_NAME="${APP_NAME}"
 
-PUSHER_APP_ID=
-PUSHER_KEY=
-PUSHER_SECRET=
+AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=
+AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=
+AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1
+AWS_BUCKET=
+AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT=false
+
+VITE_APP_NAME="${APP_NAME}"
 
 GOOGLE_DRIVE_CLIENT_ID=
 GOOGLE_DRIVE_CLIENT_SECRET=
@@ -45,3 +66,4 @@ GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_TRACKING_ID=
 
 SENTRY_LARAVEL_DSN=
 SENTRY_TRACES_SAMPLE_RATE=1.0
+
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e0914138..d12b112a 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ A full-featured blogging system for personal use. No frontend theme and anything
   * Can navigate articles based on categories.
 
 ### Installation Process
-1. Execute `composer create-project alimranahmed/larablog` on your terminal to download this project.
+1. Execute `git clone https://github.com/alimranahmed/LaraBlog.git` on your terminal to download this project.
 2. Go to the project root directory and execute `composer install` to install all PHP dependencies of the project
 3. Create a file named as .env and copy the content of .env.example to newly created .env file 
 4. Then execute `php artisan key:generate` on your terminal/cmd to generate environment key
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/BackupSiteData.php b/app/Console/Commands/BackupSiteData.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 20aaecef..00000000
--- a/app/Console/Commands/BackupSiteData.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Console\Commands;
-
-use App\Mail\BackUpDatabase;
-use App\Models\Config;
-use Illuminate\Console\Command;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
-
-class BackupSiteData extends Command
-{
-    /**
-     * The name and signature of the console command.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $signature = 'backup:site-data';
-
-    /**
-     * The console command description.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $description = 'Backup all data and send to system admin';
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function handle()
-    {
-        $user = env('DB_USERNAME');
-        $host = env('DB_HOST');
-        $pass = env('DB_PASSWORD');
-        $dbName = env('DB_DATABASE');
-        $path = "/home/backup/$dbName.sql";
-        exec("mysqldump --user=$user --password=$pass --host=$host $dbName > $path");
-        Mail::to(Config::get('admin_email'))->send(new BackUpDatabase($path));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/GenerateSitemap.php b/app/Console/Commands/GenerateSitemap.php
index f447ccf6..d2ff1129 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/GenerateSitemap.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/GenerateSitemap.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class GenerateSitemap extends Command
 
     protected $description = 'Generate sitemap';
 
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(): void
     {
         $paginatedArticles = Article::getPaginated();
         $latestArticleAt = $paginatedArticles->first()->created_at ?? Carbon::now()->toDateString();
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/GetLocationByIP.php b/app/Console/Commands/GetLocationByIP.php
deleted file mode 100644
index b7828825..00000000
--- a/app/Console/Commands/GetLocationByIP.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Console\Commands;
-
-use App\Models\Address;
-use App\Services\GeoIp\GeoIp;
-use Illuminate\Console\Command;
-
-class GetLocationByIP extends Command
-{
-    /**
-     * The name and signature of the console command.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $signature = 'get-ip-location';
-
-    /**
-     * The console command description.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $description = 'Fetch geo location by ip';
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function handle()
-    {
-        $geoIp = app(GeoIp::class);
-
-        $addresses = Address::where('country_name', null)->get();
-
-        $this->info('Fetching location of '.$addresses->count().' addresses');
-
-        foreach ($addresses as $index => $address) {
-            $ip = $address->ip;
-            $location = $geoIp->getGeo($ip);
-
-            $this->info(
-                ($index + 1).'/'.$addresses->count()." {$ip} => Country: ".($location->country_name ?? '')
-            );
-
-            if (! empty($location)) {
-                $address->update([
-                    'country_code' => $location->country_code,
-                    'country_name' => $location->country_name,
-                    'region_name' => $location->region_name,
-                    'city' => $location->city ?? '',
-                    'zip_code' => $location->zip ?? '',
-                    'extra' => $location->extray ?? '',
-                    'timezone' => $location->time_zone ?? '',
-                    'latitude' => $location->latitude ?? '',
-                    'longitude' => $location->longitude ?? '',
-                    'metro_code' => $location->metro_code ?? '',
-                ]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        $this->info('Done!');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/Utility/SyncPermission.php b/app/Console/Commands/Utility/SyncPermission.php
index 2f0a658a..214d63a8 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/Utility/SyncPermission.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/Utility/SyncPermission.php
@@ -7,36 +7,11 @@
 
 class SyncPermission extends Command
 {
-    /**
-     * The name and signature of the console command.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
     protected $signature = 'utility:sync-permission';
 
-    /**
-     * The console command description.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $description = 'Command description';
+    protected $description = 'Sync permission based on acl.php config file';
 
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(): void
     {
         $this->info('Syncing the roles and permission');
         (new \RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder())->run();
diff --git a/app/Console/Kernel.php b/app/Console/Kernel.php
deleted file mode 100755
index e078f077..00000000
--- a/app/Console/Kernel.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Console;
-
-use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel as ConsoleKernel;
-
-class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
-{
-    /**
-     * Define the application's command schedule.
-     */
-    protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule): void
-    {
-        //$schedule->command('get-ip-location')->hourly();
-
-        $schedule->command('backup:run', ['--only-db'])->monthly();
-
-        $schedule->command('sitemap:generate')->weekly();
-
-        $schedule->command('telescope:prune')->daily();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Register the Closure based commands for the application.
-     */
-    protected function commands(): void
-    {
-        $this->load(__DIR__.'/Commands');
-        require base_path('routes/console.php');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Events/ArticleHit.php b/app/Events/ArticleHit.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 20ae4bd4..00000000
--- a/app/Events/ArticleHit.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Events;
-
-use App\Models\Article;
-use Illuminate\Broadcasting\InteractsWithSockets;
-use Illuminate\Broadcasting\PrivateChannel;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Events\Dispatchable;
-use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
-
-class ArticleHit
-{
-    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithSockets, SerializesModels;
-
-    /**
-     * @var Article
-     */
-    public $article;
-
-    public $clientIP;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new event instance.
-     */
-    public function __construct(Article $article, string $clientIP)
-    {
-        $this->article = $article;
-        $this->clientIP = $clientIP;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the channels the event should broadcast on.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Broadcasting\Channel|array
-     */
-    public function broadcastOn()
-    {
-        return new PrivateChannel('channel-name');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Events/CommentOnArticle.php b/app/Events/CommentOnArticle.php
deleted file mode 100644
index f6c730e1..00000000
--- a/app/Events/CommentOnArticle.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Events;
-
-use Illuminate\Broadcasting\Channel;
-use Illuminate\Broadcasting\InteractsWithSockets;
-use Illuminate\Broadcasting\PrivateChannel;
-use Illuminate\Contracts\Broadcasting\ShouldBroadcast;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Events\Dispatchable;
-use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
-use Pusher;
-
-class CommentOnArticle implements ShouldBroadcast
-{
-    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithSockets, SerializesModels;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new event instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public $message;
-
-    public function __construct($message)
-    {
-        $this->message = $message;
-        $this->broadcastToPusher();
-    }
-
-    private function broadcastToPusher()
-    {
-        $options = [
-            'encrypted' => true,
-        ];
-        $pusher = new Pusher(
-            env('PUSHER_KEY'),
-            env('PUSHER_SECRET'),
-            env('PUSHER_APP_ID'),
-            $options
-        );
-
-        $data['message'] = $this->message;
-        $pusher->trigger('visitor-activity', 'comment', $data);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the channels the event should broadcast on.
-     *
-     * @return Channel|array
-     */
-    public function broadcastOn()
-    {
-        return new PrivateChannel('visitor-activity');
-    }
-
-    public function broadcastAs()
-    {
-        return 'comment-on-article';
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Exceptions/Handler.php b/app/Exceptions/Handler.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 26fbddf5..00000000
--- a/app/Exceptions/Handler.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Exceptions;
-
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler as ExceptionHandler;
-use Throwable;
-
-class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
-{
-    /**
-     * The list of the inputs that are never flashed to the session on validation exceptions.
-     *
-     * @var array<int, string>
-     */
-    protected $dontFlash = [
-        'current_password',
-        'password',
-        'password_confirmation',
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * Register the exception handling callbacks for the application.
-     */
-    public function register(): void
-    {
-        $this->reportable(function (Throwable $e) {
-            if (app()->bound('sentry')) {
-                app('sentry')->captureException($e);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Helpers/helpers.php b/app/Helpers/helpers.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 847ca049..00000000
--- a/app/Helpers/helpers.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-function make_slug($title)
-{
-    return preg_replace("/[\s,\.]+/u", '-', strtolower($title));
-}
-
-function assoc2JsonArray(array $associativeArray): string
-{
-    $arrayElements = [];
-    foreach ($associativeArray as $key => $value) {
-        $arrayElements[] = [
-            'key' => $key,
-            'value' => $value,
-        ];
-    }
-
-    return json_encode($arrayElements);
-}
-
-function exceptionLine(Exception $e): string
-{
-    return $e->getLine().': '.$e->getFile().' '.$e->getMessage();
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php
index 2cb3d5f2..5b0e29be 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ private function getRelatedArticles(Article $article): Collection
      */
     public function search(Request $request): View
     {
-        $this->validate($request, ['query_string' => 'required']);
+        $request->validate(['query_string' => 'required']);
 
         $queryString = $request->get('query_string');
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ConfirmPasswordController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ConfirmPasswordController.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 138c1f08..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ConfirmPasswordController.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;
-
-use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\ConfirmsPasswords;
-
-class ConfirmPasswordController extends Controller
-{
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Confirm Password Controller
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | This controller is responsible for handling password confirmations and
-    | uses a simple trait to include the behavior. You're free to explore
-    | this trait and override any functions that require customization.
-    |
-    */
-
-    use ConfirmsPasswords;
-
-    /**
-     * Where to redirect users when the intended url fails.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $redirectTo = RouteServiceProvider::HOME;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new controller instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        $this->middleware('auth');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ForgotPasswordController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ForgotPasswordController.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 465c39cc..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ForgotPasswordController.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;
-
-use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\SendsPasswordResetEmails;
-
-class ForgotPasswordController extends Controller
-{
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Password Reset Controller
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | This controller is responsible for handling password reset emails and
-    | includes a trait which assists in sending these notifications from
-    | your application to your users. Feel free to explore this trait.
-    |
-    */
-
-    use SendsPasswordResetEmails;
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/LoginController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/LoginController.php
deleted file mode 100755
index abc19a80..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/LoginController.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;
-
-use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\AuthenticatesUsers;
-
-class LoginController extends Controller
-{
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Login Controller
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | This controller handles authenticating users for the application and
-    | redirecting them to your home screen. The controller uses a trait
-    | to conveniently provide its functionality to your applications.
-    |
-    */
-
-    use AuthenticatesUsers;
-
-    /**
-     * Where to redirect users after login.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $redirectTo = RouteServiceProvider::HOME;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new controller instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        $this->middleware('guest', ['except' => 'logout']);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/RegisterController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/RegisterController.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 54195a88..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/RegisterController.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;
-
-use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider;
-use App\User;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\RegistersUsers;
-use Validator;
-
-class RegisterController extends Controller
-{
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Register Controller
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | This controller handles the registration of new users as well as their
-    | validation and creation. By default this controller uses a trait to
-    | provide this functionality without requiring any additional code.
-    |
-    */
-
-    use RegistersUsers;
-
-    /**
-     * Where to redirect users after login / registration.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $redirectTo = RouteServiceProvider::HOME;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new controller instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        $this->middleware('guest');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get a validator for an incoming registration request.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Validator
-     */
-    protected function validator(array $data)
-    {
-        return Validator::make($data, [
-            'name' => 'required|max:255',
-            'email' => 'required|email|max:255|unique:users',
-            'password' => 'required|min:6|confirmed',
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new user instance after a valid registration.
-     *
-     * @return User
-     */
-    protected function create(array $data)
-    {
-        return User::create([
-            'name' => $data['name'],
-            'email' => $data['email'],
-            'password' => bcrypt($data['password']),
-        ]);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ResetPasswordController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ResetPasswordController.php
deleted file mode 100755
index b1726a36..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ResetPasswordController.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;
-
-use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\ResetsPasswords;
-
-class ResetPasswordController extends Controller
-{
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Password Reset Controller
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | This controller is responsible for handling password reset requests
-    | and uses a simple trait to include this behavior. You're free to
-    | explore this trait and override any methods you wish to tweak.
-    |
-    */
-
-    use ResetsPasswords;
-
-    /**
-     * Where to redirect users after resetting their password.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $redirectTo = RouteServiceProvider::HOME;
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/VerificationController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/VerificationController.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e749af8..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/VerificationController.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;
-
-use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\VerifiesEmails;
-
-class VerificationController extends Controller
-{
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Email Verification Controller
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | This controller is responsible for handling email verification for any
-    | user that recently registered with the application. Emails may also
-    | be re-sent if the user didn't receive the original email message.
-    |
-    */
-
-    use VerifiesEmails;
-
-    /**
-     * Where to redirect users after verification.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $redirectTo = RouteServiceProvider::HOME;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new controller instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        $this->middleware('auth');
-        $this->middleware('signed')->only('verify');
-        $this->middleware('throttle:6,1')->only('verify', 'resend');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php
index 0104c07e..8edcdb50 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 
 class AuthController extends Controller
 {
-    public function showLoginForm()
+    public function showLoginForm(): View|RedirectResponse
     {
         if (Auth::check()) {
             return redirect()->route('admin-dashboard');
@@ -16,15 +18,12 @@ public function showLoginForm()
         return view('backend.auth');
     }
 
-    public function login(Request $request)
+    public function login(Request $request): RedirectResponse
     {
-        $this->validate(
-            $request,
-            [
-                'email' => 'required|email',
-                'password' => 'required|min:4',
-            ]
-        );
+        $request->validate([
+            'email' => 'required|email',
+            'password' => 'required|min:4',
+        ]);
 
         $credentials = $request->only('email', 'password');
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ public function login(Request $request)
         return back()->with('auth_error', 'Invalid credentials')->withInput();
     }
 
-    public function logout()
+    public function logout(): RedirectResponse
     {
         Auth::logout();
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Backend/SubscriberController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Backend/SubscriberController.php
index 9eb19226..a873e562 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Backend/SubscriberController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Backend/SubscriberController.php
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Controllers\Backend;
 
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+
 class SubscriberController
 {
-    public function index()
+    public function index(): View
     {
         return view('backend.subscribers.index');
     }
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php
index 9c3ae24f..16bc6d72 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php
@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@
 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
 use App\Models\Article;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class CategoryController extends Controller
 {
-    public function index()
+    public function index(): View
     {
         return view('backend.categories.index');
     }
 
-    public function getArticles(Request $request, $categoryAlias)
+    public function getArticles(Request $request, $categoryAlias): View
     {
         $articles = Article::getPaginated($request);
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.php
index 0672411e..3f2fc8bd 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.php
@@ -5,33 +5,37 @@
 use App\Mail\NotifyCommentThread;
 use App\Models\Comment;
 use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
 
 class CommentController extends Controller
 {
-    public function index()
+    public function index(): View
     {
         return view('backend.comments.index');
     }
 
-    public function edit(Comment $comment)
+    public function edit(Comment $comment): View
     {
         return view('backend.comments.edit', compact('comment'));
     }
 
-    public function show(Comment $comment)
+    public function show(Comment $comment): View
     {
         return view('backend.comments.show', compact('comment'));
     }
 
-    public function confirmComment(Request $request, $commentId)
+    public function confirmComment(Request $request, $commentId): View|RedirectResponse
     {
         try {
-            $this->validate($request, ['token' => 'required']);
+            $request->validate(['token' => 'required']);
 
-            $comment = Comment::where('id', $commentId)
+            /** @var Comment $comment */
+            $comment = Comment::query()
+                ->where('id', $commentId)
                 ->where('token', $request->get('token'))
                 ->with('article')
                 ->first();
@@ -52,11 +56,11 @@ public function confirmComment(Request $request, $commentId)
 
             //notify all user of the comment thread about the new comment except him person who replied
             if ($comment->parent_comment_id) {
-                $threadUserIDs = Comment::where('parent_comment_id', $comment->parent_comment_id)
+                $threadUserIDs = Comment::query()->where('parent_comment_id', $comment->parent_comment_id)
                     ->orWhere('id', $comment->parent_comment_id)
                     ->pluck('user_id');
 
-                $threadUserEmails = User::whereIn('id', $threadUserIDs)
+                $threadUserEmails = User::query()->whereIn('id', $threadUserIDs)
                     ->where('email', '!=', $comment->user->email)
                     ->pluck('email')
                     ->unique()
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/ConfigController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/ConfigController.php
index 5834c7fc..225f0728 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/ConfigController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/ConfigController.php
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+
 class ConfigController extends Controller
 {
-    public function index()
+    public function index(): View
     {
         return view('backend.config.index');
     }
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php
index 2df725f3..6ed7efb6 100755
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php
@@ -3,15 +3,10 @@
 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
 use Exception;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Validation\ValidatesRequests;
-use Illuminate\Routing\Controller as BaseController;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
-class Controller extends BaseController
+abstract class Controller
 {
-    use AuthorizesRequests, ValidatesRequests;
-
     protected string $frontView;
 
     public function __construct()
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/FeedbackController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/FeedbackController.php
index c5157e29..95119e3e 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/FeedbackController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/FeedbackController.php
@@ -5,17 +5,19 @@
 use App\Mail\NotifyAdmin;
 use App\Models\Config;
 use App\Models\Feedback;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
 
 class FeedbackController extends Controller
 {
-    public function index()
+    public function index(): View
     {
         return view('backend.feedback.index');
     }
 
-    public function store(Request $request)
+    public function store(Request $request): RedirectResponse
     {
         $data = $request->validate([
             'email' => 'required|email',
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ public function store(Request $request)
 
         $data['ip'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
 
-        $feedback = Feedback::create($data);
+        $feedback = Feedback::query()->create($data);
 
         Mail::to(Config::get('admin_email'))->queue(new NotifyAdmin($feedback, route('login-form')));
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php
index f7f203ed..15832a68 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 
 class HomeController extends Controller
 {
-    public function index(Request $request)
+    public function index(Request $request): View
     {
         if (Auth::check()) {
             $dashboard = new DashboardController();
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/KeywordController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/KeywordController.php
index c35ee6b5..1f3c3ed7 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/KeywordController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/KeywordController.php
@@ -4,18 +4,19 @@
 
 use App\Models\Article;
 use App\Models\Keyword;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class KeywordController extends Controller
 {
-    public function index()
+    public function index(): View
     {
         $keywords = Keyword::with('articles')->get();
 
         return view('backend.keywords.index', compact('keywords'));
     }
 
-    public function getArticles(Request $request, $keywordName)
+    public function getArticles(Request $request, $keywordName): View
     {
         $articles = Article::getPaginated($request);
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/SubscriptionController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/SubscriptionController.php
index 65dffe0d..2c73494d 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/SubscriptionController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/SubscriptionController.php
@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@
 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
 use App\Models\Subscriber;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class SubscriptionController extends Controller
 {
-    public function confirm(Request $request)
+    public function confirm(Request $request): RedirectResponse
     {
-        $this->validate($request, ['token' => 'required']);
+        $request->validate(['token' => 'required']);
 
-        $subscriber = Subscriber::where('token', $request->token)->first();
+        $subscriber = Subscriber::query()->where('token', $request->token)->first();
 
         if (is_null($subscriber)) {
             return redirect()->route('home')->with('error', 'Invalid request');
@@ -22,9 +23,9 @@ public function confirm(Request $request)
         return redirect()->route('home')->with('success', 'Congratulation, we are connected now!');
     }
 
-    public function unsubscribe(Request $request)
+    public function unsubscribe(Request $request): RedirectResponse
     {
-        $this->validate($request, ['token' => 'required']);
+        $request->validate(['token' => 'required']);
 
         $subscriber = Subscriber::where('token', $request->token)->first();
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
index 052b50d2..5c734731 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
@@ -3,34 +3,35 @@
 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
 use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
 
 class UserController extends Controller
 {
-    public function index()
+    public function index(): View
     {
         return view('backend.users.index');
     }
 
-    public function create()
+    public function create(): View
     {
-        $roles = Role::where('name', '!=', 'owner')->get();
+        $roles = Role::query()->where('name', '!=', 'owner')->get();
 
         return view('backend.users.create', compact('roles'));
     }
 
-    public function edit(User $user)
+    public function edit(User $user): View
     {
         return view('backend.users.edit', compact('user'));
     }
 
-    public function editPassword()
+    public function editPassword(): View
     {
         return view('backend.users.edit_password');
     }
 
-    public function profile()
+    public function profile(): View
     {
         $user = Auth::user();
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Kernel.php b/app/Http/Kernel.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 0afa10ad..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Kernel.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http;
-
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;
-
-class Kernel extends HttpKernel
-{
-    /**
-     * The application's global HTTP middleware stack.
-     *
-     * These middleware are run during every request to your application.
-     *
-     * @var array<string|class-string>
-     */
-    protected $middleware = [
-        \App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
-        \App\Http\Middleware\PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance::class,
-        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
-        \App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
-        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * The application's route middleware groups.
-     *
-     * @var array<string, array>
-     */
-    protected $middlewareGroups = [
-        'web' => [
-            \App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
-            \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
-            \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
-            // \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
-            \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
-            \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
-            \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
-        ],
-
-        'api' => [
-            \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class.':api',
-            \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
-        ],
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * The application's middleware aliases.
-     *
-     * Aliases may be used instead of class names to conveniently assign middleware to routes and groups.
-     *
-     * @var array<string, class-string|string>
-     */
-    protected $middlewareAliases = [
-        'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
-        'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
-        'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
-        'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
-        'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
-        'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
-        'password.confirm' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RequirePassword::class,
-        'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
-        'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
-        'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
-        //vendor added
-        'role' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\RoleMiddleware::class,
-        'permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\PermissionMiddleware::class,
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * The priority-sorted list of middleware.
-     *
-     * This forces non-global middleware to always be in the given order.
-     *
-     * @var array<string|class-string>
-     */
-    protected $middlewarePriority = [
-        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
-        \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
-        \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
-        \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
-        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
-        \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
-        \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
-    ];
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/Authenticate.php b/app/Http/Middleware/Authenticate.php
deleted file mode 100755
index d4ef6447..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/Authenticate.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate as Middleware;
-use Illuminate\Http\Request;
-
-class Authenticate extends Middleware
-{
-    /**
-     * Get the path the user should be redirected to when they are not authenticated.
-     */
-    protected function redirectTo(Request $request): ?string
-    {
-        return $request->expectsJson() ? null : route('login');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/EncryptCookies.php b/app/Http/Middleware/EncryptCookies.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 3aa15f8d..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/EncryptCookies.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\EncryptCookies as BaseEncrypter;
-
-class EncryptCookies extends BaseEncrypter
-{
-    /**
-     * The names of the cookies that should not be encrypted.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $except = [
-        //
-    ];
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance.php b/app/Http/Middleware/PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance.php
deleted file mode 100644
index e4956d0b..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance as Middleware;
-
-class PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance extends Middleware
-{
-    /**
-     * The URIs that should be reachable while maintenance mode is enabled.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $except = [
-        //
-    ];
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/RedirectIfAuthenticated.php b/app/Http/Middleware/RedirectIfAuthenticated.php
deleted file mode 100644
index afc78c4e..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/RedirectIfAuthenticated.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider;
-use Closure;
-use Illuminate\Http\Request;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
-use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
-
-class RedirectIfAuthenticated
-{
-    /**
-     * Handle an incoming request.
-     *
-     * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response)  $next
-     */
-    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next, string ...$guards): Response
-    {
-        $guards = empty($guards) ? [null] : $guards;
-
-        foreach ($guards as $guard) {
-            if (Auth::guard($guard)->check()) {
-                return redirect(RouteServiceProvider::HOME);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return $next($request);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/TrimStrings.php b/app/Http/Middleware/TrimStrings.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a50e7b5..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/TrimStrings.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings as Middleware;
-
-class TrimStrings extends Middleware
-{
-    /**
-     * The names of the attributes that should not be trimmed.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $except = [
-        'password',
-        'password_confirmation',
-    ];
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/TrustHosts.php b/app/Http/Middleware/TrustHosts.php
deleted file mode 100644
index c9c58bdd..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/TrustHosts.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Http\Middleware\TrustHosts as Middleware;
-
-class TrustHosts extends Middleware
-{
-    /**
-     * Get the host patterns that should be trusted.
-     *
-     * @return array<int, string|null>
-     */
-    public function hosts(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            $this->allSubdomainsOfApplicationUrl(),
-        ];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/TrustProxies.php b/app/Http/Middleware/TrustProxies.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 3391630e..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/TrustProxies.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies as Middleware;
-use Illuminate\Http\Request;
-
-class TrustProxies extends Middleware
-{
-    /**
-     * The trusted proxies for this application.
-     *
-     * @var array<int, string>|string|null
-     */
-    protected $proxies;
-
-    /**
-     * The headers that should be used to detect proxies.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected $headers =
-        Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_FOR |
-        Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_HOST |
-        Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PORT |
-        Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PROTO |
-        Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_AWS_ELB;
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php b/app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php
deleted file mode 100755
index a2c35414..00000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken as BaseVerifier;
-
-class VerifyCsrfToken extends BaseVerifier
-{
-    /**
-     * The URIs that should be excluded from CSRF verification.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $except = [
-        //
-    ];
-}
diff --git a/app/Mail/BackUpDatabase.php b/app/Mail/BackUpDatabase.php
deleted file mode 100644
index ffe2ca68..00000000
--- a/app/Mail/BackUpDatabase.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Mail;
-
-use App\Models\Config;
-use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
-use Illuminate\Mail\Mailable;
-use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
-
-class BackUpDatabase extends Mailable
-{
-    use Queueable, SerializesModels;
-
-    protected $filePath;
-
-    public function __construct($filePath)
-    {
-        $this->filePath = $filePath;
-    }
-
-    public function build()
-    {
-        return $this->from(Config::get('admin_email'), Config::get('site_name'))
-            ->subject('Database backup for blog')
-            ->view('emails.backup_database')
-            ->attach($this->filePath);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Models/Comment.php b/app/Models/Comment.php
index 2d87d662..011ca3a9 100644
--- a/app/Models/Comment.php
+++ b/app/Models/Comment.php
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 
 class Comment extends Model
 {
@@ -15,32 +17,32 @@ class Comment extends Model
 
     protected $casts = ['published_at' => 'datetime'];
 
-    public function article()
+    public function article(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Article::class);
     }
 
-    public function user()
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
 
-    public function replies()
+    public function replies(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(Comment::class, 'parent_comment_id');
     }
 
-    public function parentComment()
+    public function parentComment(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Comment::class, 'parent_comment_id');
     }
 
-    public function scopePublished(Builder $builder)
+    public function scopePublished(Builder $builder): Builder
     {
         return $builder->where('is_published', 1);
     }
 
-    public function scopeNoReplies(Builder $builder)
+    public function scopeNoReplies(Builder $builder): Builder
     {
         return $builder->where('parent_comment_id', null);
     }
diff --git a/app/Models/Reader.php b/app/Models/Reader.php
index 603b5099..15c9650e 100644
--- a/app/Models/Reader.php
+++ b/app/Models/Reader.php
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ class Reader extends Model
 {
     protected $guarded = ['id'];
 
-    public function scopeVerified(Builder $builder)
+    public function scopeVerified(Builder $builder): Builder
     {
         return $builder->where('is_verified', 1);
     }
 
-    public function scopeSubscribed(Builder $builder)
+    public function scopeSubscribed(Builder $builder): Builder
     {
         return $builder->where('notify', 1);
     }
diff --git a/app/Models/User.php b/app/Models/User.php
index 94931a1b..fc027651 100755
--- a/app/Models/User.php
+++ b/app/Models/User.php
@@ -22,13 +22,21 @@ class User extends Authenticatable
     use HasRoles;
     use Notifiable;
 
-    protected $casts = [
-        'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
-        'password' => 'hashed',
-    ];
-
     protected $guarded = ['id'];
 
+    /**
+     * Get the attributes that should be cast.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, string>
+     */
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
+            'password' => 'hashed',
+        ];
+    }
+
     public function articles(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(Article::class);
diff --git a/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
index e4bee171..68b91e17 100755
--- a/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
+++ b/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use App\Services\Google\GoogleDrive;
 use Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 
 class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
@@ -13,6 +14,12 @@ class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
      */
     public function boot(): void
     {
+        // Implicitly grant "Super Admin" role all permissions
+        // This works in the app by using gate-related functions like auth()->user->can() and @can()
+        Gate::before(function ($user, $ability) {
+            return $user->hasRole('owner') ? true : null;
+        });
+
         Paginator::useTailwind();
 
         GoogleDrive::loadStorageDriver();
diff --git a/app/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 44a32125..00000000
--- a/app/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Providers;
-
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\AuthServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
-
-class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
-{
-    /**
-     * The policy mappings for the application.
-     *
-     * @var array<class-string, class-string>
-     */
-    protected $policies = [
-        //
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * Register any authentication / authorization services.
-     */
-    public function boot(): void
-    {
-        $this->registerPolicies();
-
-        // Implicitly grant "Super Admin" role all permissions
-        // This works in the app by using gate-related functions like auth()->user->can() and @can()
-        Gate::before(function ($user, $ability) {
-            return $user->hasRole('owner') ? true : null;
-        });
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Providers/BroadcastServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/BroadcastServiceProvider.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 896c0801..00000000
--- a/app/Providers/BroadcastServiceProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Providers;
-
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Broadcast;
-use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
-
-class BroadcastServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
-{
-    /**
-     * Bootstrap any application services.
-     */
-    public function boot(): void
-    {
-        Broadcast::routes();
-
-        /*
-         * Authenticate the user's personal channel...
-         */
-        Broadcast::channel('App.User.*', function ($user, $userId) {
-            return (int) $user->id === (int) $userId;
-        });
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 866a8761..00000000
--- a/app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Providers;
-
-use Illuminate\Auth\Events\Registered;
-use Illuminate\Auth\Listeners\SendEmailVerificationNotification;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\EventServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
-
-class EventServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
-{
-    /**
-     * The event listener mappings for the application.
-     *
-     * @var array<class-string, array<int, class-string>>
-     */
-    protected $listen = [
-        Registered::class => [
-            //SendEmailVerificationNotification::class,
-        ],
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * Register any events for your application.
-     */
-    public function boot(): void
-    {
-        //
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Determine if events and listeners should be automatically discovered.
-     */
-    public function shouldDiscoverEvents(): bool
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 71e4e9e4..00000000
--- a/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Providers;
-
-use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\RouteServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
-use Illuminate\Http\Request;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
-
-class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
-{
-    /**
-     * The path to your application's "home" route.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    public const HOME = '/home';
-
-    /**
-     * Define your route model bindings, pattern filters, etc.
-     */
-    public function boot(): void
-    {
-        RateLimiter::for('api', function (Request $request) {
-            return Limit::perMinute(60)->by($request->user()?->id ?: $request->ip());
-        });
-
-        $this->routes(function () {
-            Route::middleware('api')
-                ->prefix('api')
-                ->group(base_path('routes/api.php'));
-
-            Route::middleware('web')
-                ->group(base_path('routes/web.php'));
-
-            Route::middleware('web')
-                ->prefix('admin')
-                ->group(base_path('routes/backend.php'));
-        });
-
-    }
-}
diff --git a/artisan b/artisan
index 5c23e2e2..8e04b422 100755
--- a/artisan
+++ b/artisan
@@ -1,53 +1,15 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env php
 <?php
 
-define('LARAVEL_START', microtime(true));
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput;
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Register The Auto Loader
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Composer provides a convenient, automatically generated class loader
-| for our application. We just need to utilize it! We'll require it
-| into the script here so that we do not have to worry about the
-| loading of any our classes "manually". Feels great to relax.
-|
-*/
+define('LARAVEL_START', microtime(true));
 
+// Register the Composer autoloader...
 require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';
 
-$app = require_once __DIR__.'/bootstrap/app.php';
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Run The Artisan Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| When we run the console application, the current CLI command will be
-| executed in this console and the response sent back to a terminal
-| or another output device for the developers. Here goes nothing!
-|
-*/
-
-$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class);
-
-$status = $kernel->handle(
-    $input = new Symfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput,
-    new Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput
-);
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Shutdown The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Once Artisan has finished running, we will fire off the shutdown events
-| so that any final work may be done by the application before we shut
-| down the process. This is the last thing to happen to the request.
-|
-*/
-
-$kernel->terminate($input, $status);
+// Bootstrap Laravel and handle the command...
+$status = (require_once __DIR__.'/bootstrap/app.php')
+    ->handleCommand(new ArgvInput);
 
 exit($status);
diff --git a/bootstrap/app.php b/bootstrap/app.php
index 037e17df..00fac207 100755
--- a/bootstrap/app.php
+++ b/bootstrap/app.php
@@ -1,55 +1,28 @@
 <?php
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Create The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance
-| which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is
-| the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts.
-|
-*/
-
-$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
-    $_ENV['APP_BASE_PATH'] ?? dirname(__DIR__)
-);
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Bind Important Interfaces
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Next, we need to bind some important interfaces into the container so
-| we will be able to resolve them when needed. The kernels serve the
-| incoming requests to this application from both the web and CLI.
-|
-*/
-
-$app->singleton(
-    Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
-    App\Http\Kernel::class
-);
-
-$app->singleton(
-    Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,
-    App\Console\Kernel::class
-);
-
-$app->singleton(
-    Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class,
-    App\Exceptions\Handler::class
-);
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Return The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to
-| the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances
-| from the actual running of the application and sending responses.
-|
-*/
-
-return $app;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Configuration\Exceptions;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Configuration\Middleware;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
+use Sentry\Laravel\Integration;
+
+return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
+    ->withRouting(
+        web: __DIR__.'/../routes/web.php',
+        commands: __DIR__.'/../routes/console.php',
+        health: '/up',
+        then: function () {
+            Route::middleware('web')
+                ->prefix('admin')
+                ->group(base_path('routes/backend.php'));
+        }
+    )
+    ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
+        $middleware->alias([
+            'role' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\RoleMiddleware::class,
+            'permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\PermissionMiddleware::class,
+        ]);
+    })
+    ->withExceptions(function (Exceptions $exceptions) {
+        Integration::handles($exceptions);
+    })->create();
diff --git a/bootstrap/providers.php b/bootstrap/providers.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca0f48dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstrap/providers.php
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?php
+
+return [
+    App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
+    App\Providers\TelescopeServiceProvider::class,
+    App\Providers\ViewServiceProvider::class,
+];
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 5439994c..d12d0782 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
     "name": "alimranahmed/larablog",
-    "description": "A full-featured blog using Laravel 8, TailwindCSS & VueJS",
+    "description": "A full-featured blog using Laravel, TailwindCSS & Livewire",
     "keywords": [
         "blog",
         "laravel"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
         "codeat3/blade-teeny-icons": "^1.10",
         "codeat3/blade-unicons": "^1.8",
         "guzzlehttp/guzzle": "^7.8",
-        "laravel/framework": "^11.0",
+        "laravel/framework": "^11.9",
         "laravel/tinker": "^2.9",
         "livewire/livewire": "^3.4",
         "masbug/flysystem-google-drive-ext": "^2.3",
@@ -31,33 +31,21 @@
         "spatie/laravel-sitemap": "^7.2"
     },
     "require-dev": {
-        "fakerphp/faker": "^1.23.0",
+        "fakerphp/faker": "^1.23",
         "laravel/breeze": "^2.0",
         "laravel/pint": "^1.15",
         "laravel/telescope": "^5.0",
-        "mockery/mockery": "^1.6.11",
+        "mockery/mockery": "^1.6",
         "nunomaduro/collision": "^8.1",
         "phpunit/phpunit": "^11.0",
         "spatie/laravel-ignition": "^2.5"
     },
-    "extra": {
-        "laravel": {
-            "dont-discover": []
-        }
-    },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
             "App\\": "app/",
             "Database\\Factories\\": "database/factories/",
             "Database\\Seeders\\": "database/seeders/"
-        },
-        "classmap": [
-            "database/seeds",
-            "database/factories"
-        ],
-        "files": [
-            "app/Helpers/helpers.php"
-        ]
+        }
     },
     "autoload-dev": {
         "psr-4": {
@@ -65,12 +53,6 @@
         }
     },
     "scripts": {
-        "test": [
-            "vendor/bin/phpunit"
-        ],
-        "format": [
-            "vendor/bin/php-cs-fixer fix"
-        ],
         "post-autoload-dump": [
             "Illuminate\\Foundation\\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump",
             "@php artisan package:discover --ansi"
@@ -84,6 +66,11 @@
             "@php artisan migrate --graceful --ansi"
         ]
     },
+    "extra": {
+        "laravel": {
+            "dont-discover": []
+        }
+    },
     "config": {
         "optimize-autoloader": true,
         "preferred-install": "dist",
@@ -93,6 +80,6 @@
             "php-http/discovery": true
         }
     },
-    "minimum-stability": "dev",
+    "minimum-stability": "stable",
     "prefer-stable": true
 }
diff --git a/config/app.php b/config/app.php
index 2009fc36..e9905f10 100755
--- a/config/app.php
+++ b/config/app.php
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 <?php
 
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade;
-use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
-
 return [
 
     /*
@@ -10,9 +7,9 @@
     | Application Name
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | This value is the name of your application. This value is used when the
+    | This value is the name of your application, which will be used when the
     | framework needs to place the application's name in a notification or
-    | any other location as required by the application or its packages.
+    | other UI elements where an application name needs to be displayed.
     */
 
     'name' => env('APP_NAME', 'Imranic.com'),
@@ -50,7 +47,7 @@
     |
     | This URL is used by the console to properly generate URLs when using
     | the Artisan command line tool. You should set this to the root of
-    | your application so that it is used when running Artisan tasks.
+    | the application so that it's available within Artisan commands.
     |
     */
 
@@ -62,12 +59,12 @@
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
     | Here you may specify the default timezone for your application, which
-    | will be used by the PHP date and date-time functions. We have gone
-    | ahead and set this to a sensible default for you out of the box.
+    | will be used by the PHP date and date-time functions. The timezone
+    | is set to "UTC" by default as it is suitable for most use cases.
     |
     */
 
-    'timezone' => 'UTC',
+    'timezone' => env('APP_TIMEZONE', 'UTC'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -75,101 +72,54 @@
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
     | The application locale determines the default locale that will be used
-    | by the translation service provider. You are free to set this value
-    | to any of the locales which will be supported by the application.
+    | by Laravel's translation / localization methods. This option can be
+    | set to any locale for which you plan to have translation strings.
     |
     */
 
-    'locale' => 'en',
+    'locale' => env('APP_LOCALE', 'en'),
 
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Application Fallback Locale
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | The fallback locale determines the locale to use when the current one
-    | is not available. You may change the value to correspond to any of
-    | the language folders that are provided through your application.
-    |
-    */
+    'fallback_locale' => env('APP_FALLBACK_LOCALE', 'en'),
 
-    'fallback_locale' => 'en',
+    'faker_locale' => env('APP_FAKER_LOCALE', 'en_US'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     | Encryption Key
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | This key is used by the Illuminate encrypter service and should be set
-    | to a random, 32 character string, otherwise these encrypted strings
-    | will not be safe. Please do this before deploying an application!
+    | This key is utilized by Laravel's encryption services and should be set
+    | to a random, 32 character string to ensure that all encrypted values
+    | are secure. You should do this prior to deploying the application.
     |
     */
 
-    'key' => env('APP_KEY'),
-
     'cipher' => 'AES-256-CBC',
 
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Logging Configuration
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | Here you may configure the log settings for your application. Out of
-    | the box, Laravel uses the Monolog PHP logging library. This gives
-    | you a variety of powerful log handlers / formatters to utilize.
-    |
-    | Available Settings: "single", "daily", "syslog", "errorlog"
-    |
-    */
-
-    'log' => env('APP_LOG', 'single'),
+    'key' => env('APP_KEY'),
 
-    'log_level' => env('APP_LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
+    'previous_keys' => [
+        ...array_filter(
+            explode(',', env('APP_PREVIOUS_KEYS', ''))
+        ),
+    ],
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Autoloaded Service Providers
+    | Maintenance Mode Driver
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | The service providers listed here will be automatically loaded on the
-    | request to your application. Feel free to add your own services to
-    | this array to grant expanded functionality to your applications.
-    |
-    */
-
-    'providers' => ServiceProvider::defaultProviders()->merge([
-        /*
-         * Package Service Providers...
-         */
-
-        Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider::class,
-
-        /*
-         * Application Service Providers...
-         */
-        App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
-        App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider::class,
-        App\Providers\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
-        App\Providers\EventServiceProvider::class,
-        App\Providers\TelescopeServiceProvider::class,
-        App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider::class,
-        App\Providers\ViewServiceProvider::class,
-    ])->toArray(),
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Class Aliases
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | These configuration options determine the driver used to determine and
+    | manage Laravel's "maintenance mode" status. The "cache" driver will
+    | allow maintenance mode to be controlled across multiple machines.
     |
-    | This array of class aliases will be registered when this application
-    | is started. However, feel free to register as many as you wish as
-    | the aliases are "lazy" loaded so they don't hinder performance.
+    | Supported drivers: "file", "cache"
     |
     */
 
-    'aliases' => Facade::defaultAliases()->merge([
-        // 'Example' => App\Facades\Example::class,
-    ])->toArray(),
+    'maintenance' => [
+        'driver' => env('APP_MAINTENANCE_DRIVER', 'file'),
+        'store' => env('APP_MAINTENANCE_STORE', 'database'),
+    ],
 
 ];
diff --git a/config/auth.php b/config/auth.php
index 9548c15d..0ba5d5d8 100755
--- a/config/auth.php
+++ b/config/auth.php
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
     | Authentication Defaults
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | This option controls the default authentication "guard" and password
-    | reset options for your application. You may change these defaults
+    | This option defines the default authentication "guard" and password
+    | reset "broker" for your application. You may change these values
     | as required, but they're a perfect start for most applications.
     |
     */
 
     'defaults' => [
-        'guard' => 'web',
-        'passwords' => 'users',
+        'guard' => env('AUTH_GUARD', 'web'),
+        'passwords' => env('AUTH_PASSWORD_BROKER', 'users'),
     ],
 
     /*
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@
     |
     | Next, you may define every authentication guard for your application.
     | Of course, a great default configuration has been defined for you
-    | here which uses session storage and the Eloquent user provider.
+    | which utilizes session storage plus the Eloquent user provider.
     |
-    | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
+    | All authentication guards have a user provider, which defines how the
     | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
-    | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user's data.
+    | system used by the application. Typically, Eloquent is utilized.
     |
     | Supported: "session"
     |
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@
     | User Providers
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
+    | All authentication guards have a user provider, which defines how the
     | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
-    | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user's data.
+    | system used by the application. Typically, Eloquent is utilized.
     |
     | If you have multiple user tables or models you may configure multiple
-    | sources which represent each model / table. These sources may then
+    | providers to represent the model / table. These providers may then
     | be assigned to any extra authentication guards you have defined.
     |
     | Supported: "database", "eloquent"
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     'providers' => [
         'users' => [
             'driver' => 'eloquent',
-            'model' => App\Models\User::class,
+            'model' => env('AUTH_MODEL', App\Models\User::class),
         ],
 
         // 'users' => [
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@
     | Resetting Passwords
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | You may specify multiple password reset configurations if you have more
-    | than one user table or model in the application and you want to have
-    | separate password reset settings based on the specific user types.
+    | These configuration options specify the behavior of Laravel's password
+    | reset functionality, including the table utilized for token storage
+    | and the user provider that is invoked to actually retrieve users.
     |
     | The expiry time is the number of minutes that each reset token will be
     | considered valid. This security feature keeps tokens short-lived so
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
     'passwords' => [
         'users' => [
             'provider' => 'users',
-            'table' => 'password_reset_tokens',
+            'table' => env('AUTH_PASSWORD_RESET_TOKEN_TABLE', 'password_reset_tokens'),
             'expire' => 60,
             'throttle' => 60,
         ],
@@ -105,11 +105,11 @@
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
     | Here you may define the amount of seconds before a password confirmation
-    | times out and the user is prompted to re-enter their password via the
+    | window expires and users are asked to re-enter their password via the
     | confirmation screen. By default, the timeout lasts for three hours.
     |
     */
 
-    'password_timeout' => 10800,
+    'password_timeout' => env('AUTH_PASSWORD_TIMEOUT', 10800),
 
 ];
diff --git a/config/broadcasting.php b/config/broadcasting.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 24104853..00000000
--- a/config/broadcasting.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-return [
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Default Broadcaster
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | This option controls the default broadcaster that will be used by the
-    | framework when an event needs to be broadcast. You may set this to
-    | any of the connections defined in the "connections" array below.
-    |
-    | Supported: "pusher", "ably", "redis", "log", "null"
-    |
-    */
-
-    'default' => env('BROADCAST_DRIVER', 'null'),
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Broadcast Connections
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | Here you may define all of the broadcast connections that will be used
-    | to broadcast events to other systems or over websockets. Samples of
-    | each available type of connection are provided inside this array.
-    |
-    */
-
-    'connections' => [
-
-        'pusher' => [
-            'driver' => 'pusher',
-            'key' => env('PUSHER_APP_KEY'),
-            'secret' => env('PUSHER_APP_SECRET'),
-            'app_id' => env('PUSHER_APP_ID'),
-            'options' => [
-                'cluster' => env('PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER'),
-                'host' => env('PUSHER_HOST') ?: 'api-'.env('PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER', 'mt1').'.pusher.com',
-                'port' => env('PUSHER_PORT', 443),
-                'scheme' => env('PUSHER_SCHEME', 'https'),
-                'encrypted' => true,
-                'useTLS' => env('PUSHER_SCHEME', 'https') === 'https',
-            ],
-            'client_options' => [
-                // Guzzle client options: https://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/request-options.html
-            ],
-        ],
-
-        'ably' => [
-            'driver' => 'ably',
-            'key' => env('ABLY_KEY'),
-        ],
-
-        'redis' => [
-            'driver' => 'redis',
-            'connection' => 'default',
-        ],
-
-        'log' => [
-            'driver' => 'log',
-        ],
-
-        'null' => [
-            'driver' => 'null',
-        ],
-
-    ],
-
-];
diff --git a/config/cache.php b/config/cache.php
index d4171e22..925f7d2e 100755
--- a/config/cache.php
+++ b/config/cache.php
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
     | Default Cache Store
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | This option controls the default cache connection that gets used while
-    | using this caching library. This connection is used when another is
-    | not explicitly specified when executing a given caching function.
+    | This option controls the default cache store that will be used by the
+    | framework. This connection is utilized if another isn't explicitly
+    | specified when running a cache operation inside the application.
     |
     */
 
-    'default' => env('CACHE_DRIVER', 'file'),
+    'default' => env('CACHE_STORE', 'database'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -26,17 +26,13 @@
     | well as their drivers. You may even define multiple stores for the
     | same cache driver to group types of items stored in your caches.
     |
-    | Supported drivers: "apc", "array", "database", "file",
-    |         "memcached", "redis", "dynamodb", "octane", "null"
+    | Supported drivers: "array", "database", "file", "memcached",
+    |                    "redis", "dynamodb", "octane", "null"
     |
     */
 
     'stores' => [
 
-        'apc' => [
-            'driver' => 'apc',
-        ],
-
         'array' => [
             'driver' => 'array',
             'serialize' => false,
@@ -44,9 +40,10 @@
 
         'database' => [
             'driver' => 'database',
-            'table' => 'cache',
-            'connection' => null,
-            'lock_connection' => null,
+            'connection' => env('DB_CACHE_CONNECTION'),
+            'table' => env('DB_CACHE_TABLE', 'cache'),
+            'lock_connection' => env('DB_CACHE_LOCK_CONNECTION'),
+            'lock_table' => env('DB_CACHE_LOCK_TABLE'),
         ],
 
         'file' => [
@@ -76,8 +73,8 @@
 
         'redis' => [
             'driver' => 'redis',
-            'connection' => 'cache',
-            'lock_connection' => 'default',
+            'connection' => env('REDIS_CACHE_CONNECTION', 'cache'),
+            'lock_connection' => env('REDIS_CACHE_LOCK_CONNECTION', 'default'),
         ],
 
         'dynamodb' => [
@@ -100,8 +97,8 @@
     | Cache Key Prefix
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | When utilizing the APC, database, memcached, Redis, or DynamoDB cache
-    | stores there might be other applications using the same cache. For
+    | When utilizing the APC, database, memcached, Redis, and DynamoDB cache
+    | stores, there might be other applications using the same cache. For
     | that reason, you may prefix every cache key to avoid collisions.
     |
     */
diff --git a/config/compile.php b/config/compile.php
deleted file mode 100755
index 04807eac..00000000
--- a/config/compile.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-return [
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Additional Compiled Classes
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | Here you may specify additional classes to include in the compiled file
-    | generated by the `artisan optimize` command. These should be classes
-    | that are included on basically every request into the application.
-    |
-    */
-
-    'files' => [
-        //
-    ],
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Compiled File Providers
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | Here you may list service providers which define a "compiles" function
-    | that returns additional files that should be compiled, providing an
-    | easy way to get common files from any packages you are utilizing.
-    |
-    */
-
-    'providers' => [
-        //
-    ],
-
-];
diff --git a/config/cors.php b/config/cors.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 558369dc..00000000
--- a/config/cors.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-return [
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) Configuration
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | Here you may configure your settings for cross-origin resource sharing
-    | or "CORS". This determines what cross-origin operations may execute
-    | in web browsers. You are free to adjust these settings as needed.
-    |
-    | To learn more: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS
-    |
-    */
-
-    'paths' => ['api/*'],
-
-    'allowed_methods' => ['*'],
-
-    'allowed_origins' => ['*'],
-
-    'allowed_origins_patterns' => [],
-
-    'allowed_headers' => ['*'],
-
-    'exposed_headers' => [],
-
-    'max_age' => 0,
-
-    'supports_credentials' => false,
-
-];
diff --git a/config/database.php b/config/database.php
index 3abd0703..f8e8dcb8 100755
--- a/config/database.php
+++ b/config/database.php
@@ -10,26 +10,22 @@
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
     | Here you may specify which of the database connections below you wish
-    | to use as your default connection for all database work. Of course
-    | you may use many connections at once using the Database library.
+    | to use as your default connection for database operations. This is
+    | the connection which will be utilized unless another connection
+    | is explicitly specified when you execute a query / statement.
     |
     */
 
-    'default' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),
+    'default' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'sqlite'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     | Database Connections
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | Here are each of the database connections setup for your application.
-    | Of course, examples of configuring each database platform that is
-    | supported by Laravel is shown below to make development simple.
-    |
-    |
-    | All database work in Laravel is done through the PHP PDO facilities
-    | so make sure you have the driver for your particular database of
-    | choice installed on your machine before you begin development.
+    | Below are all of the database connections defined for your application.
+    | An example configuration is provided for each database system which
+    | is supported by Laravel. You're free to add / remove connections.
     |
     */
 
@@ -37,7 +33,7 @@
 
         'sqlite' => [
             'driver' => 'sqlite',
-            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
+            'url' => env('DB_URL'),
             'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),
             'prefix' => '',
             'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),
@@ -45,15 +41,15 @@
 
         'mysql' => [
             'driver' => 'mysql',
-            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
+            'url' => env('DB_URL'),
             'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
             'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
-            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
-            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
+            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'laravel'),
+            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'root'),
             'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
             'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
-            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
-            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
+            'charset' => env('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4'),
+            'collation' => env('DB_COLLATION', 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci'),
             'prefix' => '',
             'prefix_indexes' => true,
             'strict' => true,
@@ -61,41 +57,56 @@
             'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
                 PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
             ]) : [],
+        ],
 
-            'dump' => [
-                'excludeTables' => [
-                    'telescope_entries',
-                    'telescope_entries_tags',
-                ],
-            ],
+        'mariadb' => [
+            'driver' => 'mariadb',
+            'url' => env('DB_URL'),
+            'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
+            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
+            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'laravel'),
+            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'root'),
+            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
+            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
+            'charset' => env('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4'),
+            'collation' => env('DB_COLLATION', 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci'),
+            'prefix' => '',
+            'prefix_indexes' => true,
+            'strict' => true,
+            'engine' => null,
+            'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
+                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
+            ]) : [],
         ],
 
         'pgsql' => [
             'driver' => 'pgsql',
-            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
+            'url' => env('DB_URL'),
             'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
             'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),
-            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
-            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
+            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'laravel'),
+            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'root'),
             'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
-            'charset' => 'utf8',
+            'charset' => env('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8'),
             'prefix' => '',
             'prefix_indexes' => true,
-            'schema' => 'public',
+            'search_path' => 'public',
             'sslmode' => 'prefer',
         ],
 
         'sqlsrv' => [
             'driver' => 'sqlsrv',
-            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
+            'url' => env('DB_URL'),
             'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
             'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'),
-            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
-            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
+            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'laravel'),
+            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'root'),
             'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
-            'charset' => 'utf8',
+            'charset' => env('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8'),
             'prefix' => '',
             'prefix_indexes' => true,
+            // 'encrypt' => env('DB_ENCRYPT', 'yes'),
+            // 'trust_server_certificate' => env('DB_TRUST_SERVER_CERTIFICATE', 'false'),
         ],
 
     ],
@@ -107,11 +118,14 @@
     |
     | This table keeps track of all the migrations that have already run for
     | your application. Using this information, we can determine which of
-    | the migrations on disk haven't actually been run in the database.
+    | the migrations on disk haven't actually been run on the database.
     |
     */
 
-    'migrations' => 'migrations',
+    'migrations' => [
+        'table' => 'migrations',
+        'update_date_on_publish' => true,
+    ],
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -120,7 +134,7 @@
     |
     | Redis is an open source, fast, and advanced key-value store that also
     | provides a richer body of commands than a typical key-value system
-    | such as APC or Memcached. Laravel makes it easy to dig right in.
+    | such as Memcached. You may define your connection settings here.
     |
     */
 
@@ -136,7 +150,8 @@
         'default' => [
             'url' => env('REDIS_URL'),
             'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
-            'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
+            'username' => env('REDIS_USERNAME'),
+            'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD'),
             'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', '6379'),
             'database' => env('REDIS_DB', '0'),
         ],
@@ -144,7 +159,8 @@
         'cache' => [
             'url' => env('REDIS_URL'),
             'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
-            'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
+            'username' => env('REDIS_USERNAME'),
+            'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD'),
             'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', '6379'),
             'database' => env('REDIS_CACHE_DB', '1'),
         ],
diff --git a/config/filesystems.php b/config/filesystems.php
index 9bfb57c4..c5f244d7 100755
--- a/config/filesystems.php
+++ b/config/filesystems.php
@@ -9,35 +9,22 @@
     |
     | Here you may specify the default filesystem disk that should be used
     | by the framework. The "local" disk, as well as a variety of cloud
-    | based disks are available to your application. Just store away!
+    | based disks are available to your application for file storage.
     |
     */
 
-    'default' => env('FILESYSTEM_DRIVER', 'local'),
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Default Cloud Filesystem Disk
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | Many applications store files both locally and in the cloud. For this
-    | reason, you may specify a default "cloud" driver here. This driver
-    | will be bound as the Cloud disk implementation in the container.
-    |
-    */
-
-    'cloud' => env('FILESYSTEM_CLOUD', 's3'),
+    'default' => env('FILESYSTEM_DISK', 'local'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     | Filesystem Disks
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | Here you may configure as many filesystem "disks" as you wish, and you
-    | may even configure multiple disks of the same driver. Defaults have
-    | been setup for each driver as an example of the required options.
+    | Below you may configure as many filesystem disks as necessary, and you
+    | may even configure multiple disks for the same driver. Examples for
+    | most supported storage drivers are configured here for reference.
     |
-    | Supported Drivers: "local", "ftp", "sftp", "s3"
+    | Supported drivers: "local", "ftp", "sftp", "s3"
     |
     */
 
@@ -46,6 +33,7 @@
         'local' => [
             'driver' => 'local',
             'root' => storage_path('app'),
+            'throw' => false,
         ],
 
         'public' => [
@@ -53,6 +41,7 @@
             'root' => storage_path('app/public'),
             'url' => env('APP_URL').'/storage',
             'visibility' => 'public',
+            'throw' => false,
         ],
 
         's3' => [
@@ -63,15 +52,8 @@
             'bucket' => env('AWS_BUCKET'),
             'url' => env('AWS_URL'),
             'endpoint' => env('AWS_ENDPOINT'),
-        ],
-
-        'google' => [
-            'driver' => 'google',
-            'clientId' => env('GOOGLE_DRIVE_CLIENT_ID'),
-            'clientSecret' => env('GOOGLE_DRIVE_CLIENT_SECRET'),
-            'refreshToken' => env('GOOGLE_DRIVE_REFRESH_TOKEN'),
-            'folder' => env('GOOGLE_DRIVE_FOLDER'), // without folder is root of drive or team drive
-            //'teamDriveId' => env('GOOGLE_DRIVE_TEAM_DRIVE_ID'),
+            'use_path_style_endpoint' => env('AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT', false),
+            'throw' => false,
         ],
 
     ],
@@ -90,4 +72,5 @@
     'links' => [
         public_path('storage') => storage_path('app/public'),
     ],
+
 ];
diff --git a/config/logging.php b/config/logging.php
index c44d2763..8d94292b 100644
--- a/config/logging.php
+++ b/config/logging.php
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
     | Default Log Channel
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | This option defines the default log channel that gets used when writing
-    | messages to the logs. The name specified in this option should match
-    | one of the channels defined in the "channels" configuration array.
+    | This option defines the default log channel that is utilized to write
+    | messages to your logs. The value provided here should match one of
+    | the channels present in the list of "channels" configured below.
     |
     */
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
     'deprecations' => [
         'channel' => env('LOG_DEPRECATIONS_CHANNEL', 'null'),
-        'trace' => false,
+        'trace' => env('LOG_DEPRECATIONS_TRACE', false),
     ],
 
     /*
@@ -41,20 +41,20 @@
     | Log Channels
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | Here you may configure the log channels for your application. Out of
-    | the box, Laravel uses the Monolog PHP logging library. This gives
-    | you a variety of powerful log handlers / formatters to utilize.
+    | Here you may configure the log channels for your application. Laravel
+    | utilizes the Monolog PHP logging library, which includes a variety
+    | of powerful log handlers and formatters that you're free to use.
     |
-    | Available Drivers: "single", "daily", "slack", "syslog",
-    |                    "errorlog", "monolog",
-    |                    "custom", "stack"
+    | Available drivers: "single", "daily", "slack", "syslog",
+    |                    "errorlog", "monolog", "custom", "stack"
     |
     */
 
     'channels' => [
+
         'stack' => [
             'driver' => 'stack',
-            'channels' => ['single'],
+            'channels' => explode(',', env('LOG_STACK', 'single')),
             'ignore_exceptions' => false,
         ],
 
@@ -69,15 +69,15 @@
             'driver' => 'daily',
             'path' => storage_path('logs/laravel.log'),
             'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
-            'days' => 14,
+            'days' => env('LOG_DAILY_DAYS', 14),
             'replace_placeholders' => true,
         ],
 
         'slack' => [
             'driver' => 'slack',
             'url' => env('LOG_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL'),
-            'username' => 'Laravel Log',
-            'emoji' => ':boom:',
+            'username' => env('LOG_SLACK_USERNAME', 'Laravel Log'),
+            'emoji' => env('LOG_SLACK_EMOJI', ':boom:'),
             'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'critical'),
             'replace_placeholders' => true,
         ],
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
         'syslog' => [
             'driver' => 'syslog',
             'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
-            'facility' => LOG_USER,
+            'facility' => env('LOG_SYSLOG_FACILITY', LOG_USER),
             'replace_placeholders' => true,
         ],
 
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@
         'emergency' => [
             'path' => storage_path('logs/laravel.log'),
         ],
+
     ],
 
 ];
diff --git a/config/mail.php b/config/mail.php
index e652bd02..df13d3df 100755
--- a/config/mail.php
+++ b/config/mail.php
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
     | Default Mailer
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | This option controls the default mailer that is used to send any email
-    | messages sent by your application. Alternative mailers may be setup
-    | and used as needed; however, this mailer will be used by default.
+    | This option controls the default mailer that is used to send all email
+    | messages unless another mailer is explicitly specified when sending
+    | the message. All additional mailers can be configured within the
+    | "mailers" array. Examples of each type of mailer are provided.
     |
     */
 
-    'default' => env('MAIL_MAILER', 'smtp'),
+    'default' => env('MAIL_MAILER', 'log'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -24,46 +25,46 @@
     | their respective settings. Several examples have been configured for
     | you and you are free to add your own as your application requires.
     |
-    | Laravel supports a variety of mail "transport" drivers to be used while
-    | sending an e-mail. You will specify which one you are using for your
-    | mailers below. You are free to add additional mailers as required.
+    | Laravel supports a variety of mail "transport" drivers that can be used
+    | when delivering an email. You may specify which one you're using for
+    | your mailers below. You may also add additional mailers if needed.
     |
     | Supported: "smtp", "sendmail", "mailgun", "ses", "ses-v2",
-    |            "postmark", "log", "array", "failover"
+    |            "postmark", "resend", "log", "array",
+    |            "failover", "roundrobin"
     |
     */
 
     'mailers' => [
+
         'smtp' => [
             'transport' => 'smtp',
             'url' => env('MAIL_URL'),
-            'host' => env('MAIL_HOST', 'smtp.mailgun.org'),
-            'port' => env('MAIL_PORT', 587),
+            'host' => env('MAIL_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
+            'port' => env('MAIL_PORT', 2525),
             'encryption' => env('MAIL_ENCRYPTION', 'tls'),
             'username' => env('MAIL_USERNAME'),
             'password' => env('MAIL_PASSWORD'),
             'timeout' => null,
-            'local_domain' => env('MAIL_EHLO_DOMAIN'),
+            'local_domain' => env('MAIL_EHLO_DOMAIN', parse_url(env('APP_URL', 'http://localhost'), PHP_URL_HOST)),
         ],
 
         'ses' => [
             'transport' => 'ses',
         ],
 
-        'mailgun' => [
-            'transport' => 'mailgun',
-            // 'client' => [
-            //     'timeout' => 5,
-            // ],
-        ],
-
         'postmark' => [
             'transport' => 'postmark',
+            // 'message_stream_id' => env('POSTMARK_MESSAGE_STREAM_ID'),
             // 'client' => [
             //     'timeout' => 5,
             // ],
         ],
 
+        'resend' => [
+            'transport' => 'resend',
+        ],
+
         'sendmail' => [
             'transport' => 'sendmail',
             'path' => env('MAIL_SENDMAIL_PATH', '/usr/sbin/sendmail -bs -i'),
@@ -85,6 +86,15 @@
                 'log',
             ],
         ],
+
+        'roundrobin' => [
+            'transport' => 'roundrobin',
+            'mailers' => [
+                'ses',
+                'postmark',
+            ],
+        ],
+
     ],
 
     /*
@@ -92,9 +102,9 @@
     | Global "From" Address
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | You may wish for all e-mails sent by your application to be sent from
-    | the same address. Here, you may specify a name and address that is
-    | used globally for all e-mails that are sent by your application.
+    | You may wish for all emails sent by your application to be sent from
+    | the same address. Here you may specify a name and address that is
+    | used globally for all emails that are sent by your application.
     |
     */
 
@@ -103,23 +113,4 @@
         'name' => env('MAIL_FROM_NAME', 'Example'),
     ],
 
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Markdown Mail Settings
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | If you are using Markdown based email rendering, you may configure your
-    | theme and component paths here, allowing you to customize the design
-    | of the emails. Or, you may simply stick with the Laravel defaults!
-    |
-    */
-
-    'markdown' => [
-        'theme' => 'default',
-
-        'paths' => [
-            resource_path('views/vendor/mail'),
-        ],
-    ],
-
 ];
diff --git a/config/queue.php b/config/queue.php
index 01c6b054..116bd8d0 100755
--- a/config/queue.php
+++ b/config/queue.php
@@ -7,22 +7,22 @@
     | Default Queue Connection Name
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | Laravel's queue API supports an assortment of back-ends via a single
-    | API, giving you convenient access to each back-end using the same
-    | syntax for every one. Here you may define a default connection.
+    | Laravel's queue supports a variety of backends via a single, unified
+    | API, giving you convenient access to each backend using identical
+    | syntax for each. The default queue connection is defined below.
     |
     */
 
-    'default' => env('QUEUE_CONNECTION', 'sync'),
+    'default' => env('QUEUE_CONNECTION', 'database'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     | Queue Connections
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | Here you may configure the connection information for each server that
-    | is used by your application. A default configuration has been added
-    | for each back-end shipped with Laravel. You are free to add more.
+    | Here you may configure the connection options for every queue backend
+    | used by your application. An example configuration is provided for
+    | each backend supported by Laravel. You're also free to add more.
     |
     | Drivers: "sync", "database", "beanstalkd", "sqs", "redis", "null"
     |
@@ -36,17 +36,18 @@
 
         'database' => [
             'driver' => 'database',
-            'table' => 'jobs',
-            'queue' => 'default',
-            'retry_after' => 90,
+            'connection' => env('DB_QUEUE_CONNECTION'),
+            'table' => env('DB_QUEUE_TABLE', 'jobs'),
+            'queue' => env('DB_QUEUE', 'default'),
+            'retry_after' => (int) env('DB_QUEUE_RETRY_AFTER', 90),
             'after_commit' => false,
         ],
 
         'beanstalkd' => [
             'driver' => 'beanstalkd',
-            'host' => 'localhost',
-            'queue' => 'default',
-            'retry_after' => 90,
+            'host' => env('BEANSTALKD_QUEUE_HOST', 'localhost'),
+            'queue' => env('BEANSTALKD_QUEUE', 'default'),
+            'retry_after' => (int) env('BEANSTALKD_QUEUE_RETRY_AFTER', 90),
             'block_for' => 0,
             'after_commit' => false,
         ],
@@ -64,9 +65,9 @@
 
         'redis' => [
             'driver' => 'redis',
-            'connection' => 'default',
+            'connection' => env('REDIS_QUEUE_CONNECTION', 'default'),
             'queue' => env('REDIS_QUEUE', 'default'),
-            'retry_after' => 90,
+            'retry_after' => (int) env('REDIS_QUEUE_RETRY_AFTER', 90),
             'block_for' => null,
             'after_commit' => false,
         ],
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@
     */
 
     'batching' => [
-        'database' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),
+        'database' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'sqlite'),
         'table' => 'job_batches',
     ],
 
@@ -95,14 +96,16 @@
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
     | These options configure the behavior of failed queue job logging so you
-    | can control which database and table are used to store the jobs that
-    | have failed. You may change them to any database / table you wish.
+    | can control how and where failed jobs are stored. Laravel ships with
+    | support for storing failed jobs in a simple file or in a database.
+    |
+    | Supported drivers: "database-uuids", "dynamodb", "file", "null"
     |
     */
 
     'failed' => [
         'driver' => env('QUEUE_FAILED_DRIVER', 'database-uuids'),
-        'database' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),
+        'database' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'sqlite'),
         'table' => 'failed_jobs',
     ],
 
diff --git a/config/services.php b/config/services.php
index e40ef517..fedc38b7 100755
--- a/config/services.php
+++ b/config/services.php
@@ -14,12 +14,6 @@
     |
     */
 
-    'mailgun' => [
-        'domain' => env('MAILGUN_DOMAIN'),
-        'secret' => env('MAILGUN_SECRET'),
-        'endpoint' => env('MAILGUN_ENDPOINT', 'api.mailgun.net'),
-    ],
-
     'postmark' => [
         'token' => env('POSTMARK_TOKEN'),
     ],
@@ -30,6 +24,17 @@
         'region' => env('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION', 'us-east-1'),
     ],
 
+    'resend' => [
+        'key' => env('RESEND_KEY'),
+    ],
+
+    'slack' => [
+        'notifications' => [
+            'bot_user_oauth_token' => env('SLACK_BOT_USER_OAUTH_TOKEN'),
+            'channel' => env('SLACK_BOT_USER_DEFAULT_CHANNEL'),
+        ],
+    ],
+
     'google' => [
         'analytics_tracking_id' => env('GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_TRACKING_ID'),
     ],
diff --git a/config/session.php b/config/session.php
index da692f3b..f0b6541e 100755
--- a/config/session.php
+++ b/config/session.php
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@
     | Default Session Driver
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | This option controls the default session "driver" that will be used on
-    | requests. By default, we will use the lightweight native driver but
-    | you may specify any of the other wonderful drivers provided here.
+    | This option determines the default session driver that is utilized for
+    | incoming requests. Laravel supports a variety of storage options to
+    | persist session data. Database storage is a great default choice.
     |
     | Supported: "file", "cookie", "database", "apc",
     |            "memcached", "redis", "dynamodb", "array"
     |
     */
 
-    'driver' => env('SESSION_DRIVER', 'file'),
+    'driver' => env('SESSION_DRIVER', 'database'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -27,13 +27,14 @@
     |
     | Here you may specify the number of minutes that you wish the session
     | to be allowed to remain idle before it expires. If you want them
-    | to immediately expire on the browser closing, set that option.
+    | to expire immediately when the browser is closed then you may
+    | indicate that via the expire_on_close configuration option.
     |
     */
 
     'lifetime' => env('SESSION_LIFETIME', 120),
 
-    'expire_on_close' => false,
+    'expire_on_close' => env('SESSION_EXPIRE_ON_CLOSE', false),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -41,21 +42,21 @@
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
     | This option allows you to easily specify that all of your session data
-    | should be encrypted before it is stored. All encryption will be run
-    | automatically by Laravel and you can use the Session like normal.
+    | should be encrypted before it's stored. All encryption is performed
+    | automatically by Laravel and you may use the session like normal.
     |
     */
 
-    'encrypt' => false,
+    'encrypt' => env('SESSION_ENCRYPT', false),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     | Session File Location
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | When using the native session driver, we need a location where session
-    | files may be stored. A default has been set for you but a different
-    | location may be specified. This is only needed for file sessions.
+    | When utilizing the "file" session driver, the session files are placed
+    | on disk. The default storage location is defined here; however, you
+    | are free to provide another location where they should be stored.
     |
     */
 
@@ -72,33 +73,35 @@
     |
     */
 
-    'connection' => env('SESSION_CONNECTION', null),
+    'connection' => env('SESSION_CONNECTION'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     | Session Database Table
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | When using the "database" session driver, you may specify the table we
-    | should use to manage the sessions. Of course, a sensible default is
-    | provided for you; however, you are free to change this as needed.
+    | When using the "database" session driver, you may specify the table to
+    | be used to store sessions. Of course, a sensible default is defined
+    | for you; however, you're welcome to change this to another table.
     |
     */
 
-    'table' => 'sessions',
+    'table' => env('SESSION_TABLE', 'sessions'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     | Session Cache Store
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | When using the "apc", "memcached", or "dynamodb" session drivers you may
-    | list a cache store that should be used for these sessions. This value
-    | must match with one of the application's configured cache "stores".
+    | When using one of the framework's cache driven session backends, you may
+    | define the cache store which should be used to store the session data
+    | between requests. This must match one of your defined cache stores.
+    |
+    | Affects: "apc", "dynamodb", "memcached", "redis"
     |
     */
 
-    'store' => env('SESSION_STORE', null),
+    'store' => env('SESSION_STORE'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -118,9 +121,9 @@
     | Session Cookie Name
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | Here you may change the name of the cookie used to identify a session
-    | instance by ID. The name specified here will get used every time a
-    | new session cookie is created by the framework for every driver.
+    | Here you may change the name of the session cookie that is created by
+    | the framework. Typically, you should not need to change this value
+    | since doing so does not grant a meaningful security improvement.
     |
     */
 
@@ -136,24 +139,24 @@
     |
     | The session cookie path determines the path for which the cookie will
     | be regarded as available. Typically, this will be the root path of
-    | your application but you are free to change this when necessary.
+    | your application, but you're free to change this when necessary.
     |
     */
 
-    'path' => '/',
+    'path' => env('SESSION_PATH', '/'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     | Session Cookie Domain
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |
-    | Here you may change the domain of the cookie used to identify a session
-    | in your application. This will determine which domains the cookie is
-    | available to in your application. A sensible default has been set.
+    | This value determines the domain and subdomains the session cookie is
+    | available to. By default, the cookie will be available to the root
+    | domain and all subdomains. Typically, this shouldn't be changed.
     |
     */
 
-    'domain' => env('SESSION_DOMAIN', null),
+    'domain' => env('SESSION_DOMAIN'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -162,7 +165,7 @@
     |
     | By setting this option to true, session cookies will only be sent back
     | to the server if the browser has a HTTPS connection. This will keep
-    | the cookie from being sent to you if it can not be done securely.
+    | the cookie from being sent to you when it can't be done securely.
     |
     */
 
@@ -175,11 +178,11 @@
     |
     | Setting this value to true will prevent JavaScript from accessing the
     | value of the cookie and the cookie will only be accessible through
-    | the HTTP protocol. You are free to modify this option if needed.
+    | the HTTP protocol. It's unlikely you should disable this option.
     |
     */
 
-    'http_only' => true,
+    'http_only' => env('SESSION_HTTP_ONLY', true),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -188,12 +191,27 @@
     |
     | This option determines how your cookies behave when cross-site requests
     | take place, and can be used to mitigate CSRF attacks. By default, we
-    | will set this value to "lax" since this is a secure default value.
+    | will set this value to "lax" to permit secure cross-site requests.
+    |
+    | See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie#samesitesamesite-value
     |
     | Supported: "lax", "strict", "none", null
     |
     */
 
-    'same_site' => 'lax',
+    'same_site' => env('SESSION_SAME_SITE', 'lax'),
+
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Partitioned Cookies
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    |
+    | Setting this value to true will tie the cookie to the top-level site for
+    | a cross-site context. Partitioned cookies are accepted by the browser
+    | when flagged "secure" and the Same-Site attribute is set to "none".
+    |
+    */
+
+    'partitioned' => env('SESSION_PARTITIONED_COOKIE', false),
 
 ];
diff --git a/config/view.php b/config/view.php
deleted file mode 100755
index eaf531f6..00000000
--- a/config/view.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-return [
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | View Storage Paths
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | Most templating systems load templates from disk. Here you may specify
-    | an array of paths that should be checked for your views. Of course
-    | the usual Laravel view path has already been registered for you.
-    |
-    */
-
-    'paths' => [
-        realpath(base_path('resources/views')),
-    ],
-
-    /*
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    | Compiled View Path
-    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    |
-    | This option determines where all the compiled Blade templates will be
-    | stored for your application. Typically, this is within the storage
-    | directory. However, as usual, you are free to change this value.
-    |
-    */
-
-    'compiled' => realpath(storage_path('framework/views')),
-];
diff --git a/database/factories/AddressFactory.php b/database/factories/AddressFactory.php
deleted file mode 100644
index b7aade2e..00000000
--- a/database/factories/AddressFactory.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace Database\Factories;
-
-use App\Models\Address;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
-
-class AddressFactory extends Factory
-{
-    /**
-     * The name of the factory's corresponding model.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $model = Address::class;
-
-    /**
-     * Define the model's default state.
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function definition()
-    {
-        return [
-            'ip' => $this->faker->ipv4,
-            'country_code' => $this->faker->countryCode,
-            'country_name' => $this->faker->country,
-            'region_name' => $this->faker->city,
-            'city' => $this->faker->city,
-            'timezone' => $this->faker->timezone,
-            'zip_code' => $this->faker->postcode,
-            'latitude' => $this->faker->latitude,
-            'longitude' => $this->faker->longitude,
-        ];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/database/factories/CategoryFactory.php b/database/factories/CategoryFactory.php
index 89840f55..eceefc7b 100644
--- a/database/factories/CategoryFactory.php
+++ b/database/factories/CategoryFactory.php
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ class CategoryFactory extends Factory
 
     /**
      * Define the model's default state.
-     *
-     * @return array
      */
-    public function definition()
+    public function definition(): array
     {
         return ['name' => $name = $this->faker->word, 'alias' => $name];
     }
diff --git a/database/factories/CommentFactory.php b/database/factories/CommentFactory.php
index 8f4977a7..0186a46f 100644
--- a/database/factories/CommentFactory.php
+++ b/database/factories/CommentFactory.php
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ class CommentFactory extends Factory
 
     /**
      * Define the model's default state.
-     *
-     * @return array
      */
-    public function definition()
+    public function definition(): array
     {
         return [
             'content' => $this->faker->paragraph,
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ public function definition()
         ];
     }
 
-    public function published()
+    public function published(): CommentFactory
     {
         return $this->state([
             'is_published' => 1,
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ public function published()
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function unpublished()
+    public function unpublished(): CommentFactory
     {
         return $this->state([
             'is_published' => 0,
diff --git a/database/factories/KeywordFactory.php b/database/factories/KeywordFactory.php
index ad591d55..926681a1 100644
--- a/database/factories/KeywordFactory.php
+++ b/database/factories/KeywordFactory.php
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ class KeywordFactory extends Factory
 
     /**
      * Define the model's default state.
-     *
-     * @return array
      */
-    public function definition()
+    public function definition(): array
     {
         return ['name' => $this->faker->word];
     }
diff --git a/database/factories/SubscriberFactory.php b/database/factories/SubscriberFactory.php
index 93309dd3..74ec9fd5 100644
--- a/database/factories/SubscriberFactory.php
+++ b/database/factories/SubscriberFactory.php
@@ -17,10 +17,8 @@ class SubscriberFactory extends Factory
 
     /**
      * Define the model's default state.
-     *
-     * @return array
      */
-    public function definition()
+    public function definition(): array
     {
         return [
             'email' => $this->faker->email,
diff --git a/database/migrations/2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table.php b/database/migrations/2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table.php
index e39723c7..1b0f6881 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table.php
@@ -8,10 +8,8 @@ class CreateFailedJobsTable extends Migration
 {
     /**
      * Run the migrations.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function up()
+    public function up(): void
     {
         Schema::create('failed_jobs', function (Blueprint $table) {
             $table->bigIncrements('id');
@@ -26,10 +24,8 @@ public function up()
 
     /**
      * Reverse the migrations.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function down()
+    public function down(): void
     {
         Schema::dropIfExists('failed_jobs');
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2020_04_09_091100_create_cache_table.php b/database/migrations/2020_04_09_091100_create_cache_table.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9c106be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2020_04_09_091100_create_cache_table.php
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * Run the migrations.
+     */
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('cache', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->string('key')->primary();
+            $table->mediumText('value');
+            $table->integer('expiration');
+        });
+
+        Schema::create('cache_locks', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->string('key')->primary();
+            $table->string('owner');
+            $table->integer('expiration');
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse the migrations.
+     */
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('cache');
+        Schema::dropIfExists('cache_locks');
+    }
+};
diff --git a/database/migrations/2020_04_10_185833_create_permission_tables.php b/database/migrations/2020_04_10_185833_create_permission_tables.php
index 6ac61f89..da80dd6e 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2020_04_10_185833_create_permission_tables.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2020_04_10_185833_create_permission_tables.php
@@ -9,11 +9,10 @@ class CreatePermissionTables extends Migration
     /**
      * Run the migrations.
      *
-     * @return void
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public function up()
+    public function up(): void
     {
         $tableNames = config('permission.table_names');
         $columnNames = config('permission.column_names');
@@ -103,11 +102,10 @@ function (Blueprint $table) use ($tableNames, $columnNames) {
     /**
      * Reverse the migrations.
      *
-     * @return void
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public function down()
+    public function down(): void
     {
         $tableNames = config('permission.table_names');
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2024_06_23_091013_create_password_reset_tokens_table.php b/database/migrations/2024_06_23_091013_create_password_reset_tokens_table.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81a7229b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2024_06_23_091013_create_password_reset_tokens_table.php
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * Run the migrations.
+     */
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('password_reset_tokens', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->string('email')->primary();
+            $table->string('token');
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->nullable();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse the migrations.
+     */
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('password_reset_tokens');
+    }
+};
diff --git a/database/migrations/2024_06_23_091256_create_job_batches_table.php b/database/migrations/2024_06_23_091256_create_job_batches_table.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50e38c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2024_06_23_091256_create_job_batches_table.php
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * Run the migrations.
+     */
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('job_batches', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->string('id')->primary();
+            $table->string('name');
+            $table->integer('total_jobs');
+            $table->integer('pending_jobs');
+            $table->integer('failed_jobs');
+            $table->longText('failed_job_ids');
+            $table->mediumText('options')->nullable();
+            $table->integer('cancelled_at')->nullable();
+            $table->integer('created_at');
+            $table->integer('finished_at')->nullable();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse the migrations.
+     */
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('job_batches');
+    }
+};
diff --git a/database/seeds/.gitkeep b/database/seeders/.gitkeep
similarity index 100%
rename from database/seeds/.gitkeep
rename to database/seeders/.gitkeep
diff --git a/database/seeds/ArticlesTableSeeder.php b/database/seeders/ArticlesTableSeeder.php
similarity index 63%
rename from database/seeds/ArticlesTableSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/ArticlesTableSeeder.php
index b97c3856..c264859c 100644
--- a/database/seeds/ArticlesTableSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/ArticlesTableSeeder.php
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
 use App\Models\Article;
+use App\Models\Category;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Faker\Factory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 
 class ArticlesTableSeeder extends Seeder
@@ -13,11 +18,11 @@ class ArticlesTableSeeder extends Seeder
     public function run()
     {
         if (app()->environment() != 'production') {
-            $faker = \Faker\Factory::create();
+            $faker = Factory::create();
             foreach (range(0, 10) as $i) {
                 Article::factory()->create([
-                    'category_id' => $faker->randomElement(\App\Models\Category::all()->pluck('id')->toArray()),
-                    'user_id' => $faker->randomElement(\App\Models\User::all()->pluck('id')->toArray()),
+                    'category_id' => $faker->randomElement(Category::all()->pluck('id')->toArray()),
+                    'user_id' => $faker->randomElement(User::all()->pluck('id')->toArray()),
                 ]);
             }
             $articles = Article::all();
diff --git a/database/seeds/CategoriesTableSeeder.php b/database/seeders/CategoriesTableSeeder.php
similarity index 91%
rename from database/seeds/CategoriesTableSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/CategoriesTableSeeder.php
index c0e04360..4857e30a 100644
--- a/database/seeds/CategoriesTableSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/CategoriesTableSeeder.php
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
+use App\Models\Category;
+use DateTime;
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 
 class CategoriesTableSeeder extends Seeder
 {
     /**
      * Run the database seeds.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function run()
+    public function run(): void
     {
         $categories[] = [
             'name' => 'Object Oriented Programming',
@@ -60,6 +62,6 @@ public function run()
             'updated_at' => new DateTime(),
         ];
 
-        \App\Models\Category::insert($categories);
+        Category::query()->insert($categories);
     }
 }
diff --git a/database/seeds/CommentsTableSeeder.php b/database/seeders/CommentsTableSeeder.php
similarity index 77%
rename from database/seeds/CommentsTableSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/CommentsTableSeeder.php
index fff20efa..644508a2 100644
--- a/database/seeds/CommentsTableSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/CommentsTableSeeder.php
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
 use App\Models\Article;
 use App\Models\Comment;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Faker\Factory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 
@@ -12,14 +16,14 @@ class CommentsTableSeeder extends Seeder
      */
     public function run(): void
     {
-        $faker = Faker\Factory::create();
+        $faker = Factory::create();
 
         DB::statement('SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;');
         if (app()->environment() != 'production') {
             foreach (Article::all() as $article) {
                 Comment::factory()->count(3)->create([
                     'article_id' => $article->id,
-                    'user_id' => $faker->randomElement(\App\Models\User::all()->pluck('id')->toArray()),
+                    'user_id' => $faker->randomElement(User::all()->pluck('id')->toArray()),
                 ]);
                 $article->update(['comment_count' => 3]);
             }
diff --git a/database/seeds/ConfigsTableSeeder.php b/database/seeders/ConfigsTableSeeder.php
similarity index 79%
rename from database/seeds/ConfigsTableSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/ConfigsTableSeeder.php
index 03a8942b..1f255056 100644
--- a/database/seeds/ConfigsTableSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/ConfigsTableSeeder.php
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
+use App\Models\Config;
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 
 class ConfigsTableSeeder extends Seeder
 {
     /**
      * Run the database seeds.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function run()
+    public function run(): void
     {
-        \App\Models\Config::insert([
+        Config::query()->insert([
             ['name' => 'site_name', 'value' => 'Al- Imran Ahmed (-'],
             ['name' => 'site_title', 'value' => 'Al- Imran Ahmed (-'],
             ['name' => 'copyright_owner', 'value' => 'Al- Imran Ahmed (-'],
diff --git a/database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php b/database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php
similarity index 87%
rename from database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php
index 188cc2fe..6bf73dbb 100755
--- a/database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 
 class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
 {
     /**
      * Run the database seeds.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function run()
+    public function run(): void
     {
         $this->call(RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder::class);
         $this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class);
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public function run()
         $this->call(ArticlesTableSeeder::class);
         $this->call(CommentsTableSeeder::class);
         $this->call(ConfigsTableSeeder::class);
-        if (env('APP_ENV') == 'local') {
+        if (app()->environment('local')) {
             $this->command->info('All table seeded successfully!');
             $this->command->info('username: owner@gmail.com | password: owner');
         }
diff --git a/database/seeds/KeywordsTableSeeder.php b/database/seeders/KeywordsTableSeeder.php
similarity index 59%
rename from database/seeds/KeywordsTableSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/KeywordsTableSeeder.php
index 85b837be..33edb4f1 100644
--- a/database/seeds/KeywordsTableSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/KeywordsTableSeeder.php
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
+use App\Models\Keyword;
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 
 class KeywordsTableSeeder extends Seeder
 {
     /**
      * Run the database seeds.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function run()
+    public function run(): void
     {
         if (env('APP_ENV') != 'production') {
-            \App\Models\Keyword::factory()->count(5)->create();
+            Keyword::factory()->count(5)->create();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/database/seeds/ReadersTableSeeder.php b/database/seeders/ReadersTableSeeder.php
similarity index 81%
rename from database/seeds/ReadersTableSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/ReadersTableSeeder.php
index 437b2119..a615676c 100644
--- a/database/seeds/ReadersTableSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/ReadersTableSeeder.php
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
 use App\Models\Reader;
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 
@@ -12,13 +14,13 @@ class ReadersTableSeeder extends Seeder
      */
     public function run()
     {
-        Reader::create(
+        Reader::query()->create(
             [
                 'is_verified' => 1,
                 'notify' => 1,
             ]
         );
-        Reader::create(
+        Reader::query()->create(
             [
                 'is_verified' => 0,
                 'notify' => 0,
diff --git a/database/seeds/RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder.php b/database/seeders/RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder.php
similarity index 80%
rename from database/seeds/RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder.php
index fbf529dc..355c54a1 100644
--- a/database/seeds/RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder.php
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 use Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission;
 use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
@@ -7,7 +9,7 @@
 
 class RolesAndPermissionsTableSeeder extends Seeder
 {
-    public function run()
+    public function run(): void
     {
         $this->saveRole();
         $this->savePermissions();
@@ -15,9 +17,9 @@ public function run()
         app(PermissionRegistrar::class)->forgetCachedPermissions();
     }
 
-    public function saveRole()
+    public function saveRole(): bool
     {
-        Role::whereNotIn('name', config('acl.roles'))->delete();
+        Role::query()->whereNotIn('name', config('acl.roles'))->delete();
 
         $roles = [];
         $sl = 0;
@@ -34,10 +36,10 @@ public function saveRole()
             $sl++;
         }
 
-        return \Spatie\Permission\Models\Role::insert($roles);
+        return Role::query()->insert($roles);
     }
 
-    public function savePermissions()
+    public function savePermissions(): bool
     {
         Permission::whereNotIn('name', array_keys(config('acl.permissions')))->delete();
 
@@ -56,13 +58,13 @@ public function savePermissions()
             $sl++;
         }
 
-        return \Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission::insert($permissions);
+        return Permission::query()->insert($permissions);
     }
 
-    public function generateRoleBasedPermissions()
+    public function generateRoleBasedPermissions(): void
     {
         foreach (config('acl.roles') as $role) {
-            $getRole = \Spatie\Permission\Models\Role::where('name', $role)->first();
+            $getRole = Role::where('name', $role)->first();
             $sl = 0;
             $formatRoles = [];
             foreach (config('acl.permissions') as $permission => $roles) {
diff --git a/database/seeds/UsersTableSeeder.php b/database/seeders/UsersTableSeeder.php
similarity index 87%
rename from database/seeds/UsersTableSeeder.php
rename to database/seeders/UsersTableSeeder.php
index 46bf6d97..80de5189 100644
--- a/database/seeds/UsersTableSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeders/UsersTableSeeder.php
@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Database\Seeders;
+
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
 use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
 
 class UsersTableSeeder extends Seeder
 {
     /**
      * Run the database seeds.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function run()
+    public function run(): void
     {
         if (env('APP_ENV') == 'local') {
             $owner = User::create(
                 [
                     'name' => 'Al- Imran Ahmed',
                     'username' => 'owner',
-                    'password' => \Hash::make('owner'),
+                    'password' => Hash::make('owner'),
                     'email' => 'owner@gmail.com',
                     'last_ip' => '127.0.0.1',
                 ]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ public function run()
                 [
                     'name' => 'Admin',
                     'username' => 'admin',
-                    'password' => \Hash::make('admin'),
+                    'password' => Hash::make('admin'),
                     'email' => 'admin@gmail.com',
                     'last_ip' => '127.0.0.1',
                 ]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ public function run()
                 [
                     'name' => 'Author',
                     'username' => 'author',
-                    'password' => \Hash::make('author'),
+                    'password' => Hash::make('author'),
                     'email' => 'author@gmail.com',
                     'last_ip' => '127.0.0.1',
                 ]
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ public function run()
                 [
                     'name' => 'Reader',
                     'username' => 'reader',
-                    'password' => \Hash::make('reader'),
+                    'password' => Hash::make('reader'),
                     'email' => 'reader@gmail.com',
                     'last_ip' => '127.0.0.1',
                 ]
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 463bc88a..070d7027 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
     "devDependencies": {
         "@tailwindcss/forms": "^0.5.2",
         "autoprefixer": "^10.4.13",
-        "laravel-vite-plugin": "^0.7.5",
+        "laravel-vite-plugin": "^1.0",
         "tailwindcss": "^3.2.4",
-        "vite": "^4.5.3"
+        "vite": "^5.0"
     },
     "dependencies": {
         "shiki": "^0.14.3"
diff --git a/phpunit.xml b/phpunit.xml
index e9f533da..ad168f2a 100755
--- a/phpunit.xml
+++ b/phpunit.xml
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@
     </source>
     <php>
         <env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/>
+        <env name="APP_MAINTENANCE_DRIVER" value="file"/>
         <env name="BCRYPT_ROUNDS" value="4"/>
-        <env name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="array"/>
+        <env name="CACHE_STORE" value="array"/>
         <!-- <env name="DB_CONNECTION" value="sqlite"/> -->
         <!-- <env name="DB_DATABASE" value=":memory:"/> -->
         <env name="MAIL_MAILER" value="array"/>
diff --git a/public/index.php b/public/index.php
index a8137b13..947d9896 100755
--- a/public/index.php
+++ b/public/index.php
@@ -1,55 +1,17 @@
 <?php
 
-use Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 define('LARAVEL_START', microtime(true));
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Check If Application Is Under Maintenance
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| If the application is maintenance / demo mode via the "down" command we
-| will require this file so that any prerendered template can be shown
-| instead of starting the framework, which could cause an exception.
-|
-*/
-
-if (file_exists(__DIR__.'/../storage/framework/maintenance.php')) {
-    require __DIR__.'/../storage/framework/maintenance.php';
+// Determine if the application is in maintenance mode...
+if (file_exists($maintenance = __DIR__.'/../storage/framework/maintenance.php')) {
+    require $maintenance;
 }
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Register The Auto Loader
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Composer provides a convenient, automatically generated class loader for
-| this application. We just need to utilize it! We'll simply require it
-| into the script here so we don't need to manually load our classes.
-|
-*/
-
+// Register the Composer autoloader...
 require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Run The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Once we have the application, we can handle the incoming request using
-| the application's HTTP kernel. Then, we will send the response back
-| to this client's browser, allowing them to enjoy our application.
-|
-*/
-
-$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
-
-$kernel = $app->make(Kernel::class);
-
-$response = tap($kernel->handle(
-    $request = Request::capture()
-))->send();
-
-$kernel->terminate($request, $response);
+// Bootstrap Laravel and handle the request...
+(require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php')
+    ->handleRequest(Request::capture());
diff --git a/resources/views/emails/backup_database.blade.php b/resources/views/emails/backup_database.blade.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 30054fe6..00000000
--- a/resources/views/emails/backup_database.blade.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-@extends('emails.master')
-@section('content')
-<h2>Please see the attachment for database backup of your blog</h2>
-@endsection
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/routes/api.php b/routes/api.php
deleted file mode 100755
index f35f6f84..00000000
--- a/routes/api.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-use Illuminate\Http\Request;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
-
-Route::get('/user', function (Request $request) {
-    return $request->user();
-})->middleware('auth:api');
diff --git a/routes/channel.php b/routes/channel.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 5d451e1f..00000000
--- a/routes/channel.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Broadcast;
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Broadcast Channels
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Here you may register all of the event broadcasting channels that your
-| application supports. The given channel authorization callbacks are
-| used to check if an authenticated user can listen to the channel.
-|
-*/
-
-Broadcast::channel('App.Models.User.{id}', function ($user, $id) {
-    return (int) $user->id === (int) $id;
-});
diff --git a/routes/console.php b/routes/console.php
index e05f4c9a..73676285 100755
--- a/routes/console.php
+++ b/routes/console.php
@@ -1,19 +1,8 @@
 <?php
 
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Inspiring;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
+use App\Console\Commands\GenerateSitemap;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schedule;
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Console Routes
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| This file is where you may define all of your Closure based console
-| commands. Each Closure is bound to a command instance allowing a
-| simple approach to interacting with each command's IO methods.
-|
-*/
-
-Artisan::command('inspire', function () {
-    $this->comment(Inspiring::quote());
-})->purpose('Display an inspiring quote');
+Schedule::command('backup:run --only-db')->monthly();
+Schedule::command(GenerateSitemap::class)->weekly();
+Schedule::command('telescope:prune')->daily();
diff --git a/tests/CreatesApplication.php b/tests/CreatesApplication.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c64fded..00000000
--- a/tests/CreatesApplication.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace Tests;
-
-use Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
-
-trait CreatesApplication
-{
-    /**
-     * Creates the application.
-     */
-    public function createApplication(): Application
-    {
-        $app = require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
-        $app->make(Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
-
-        return $app;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/TestCase.php b/tests/TestCase.php
index c58ad548..efd7e8b7 100755
--- a/tests/TestCase.php
+++ b/tests/TestCase.php
@@ -7,6 +7,5 @@
 
 abstract class TestCase extends BaseTestCase
 {
-    use CreatesApplication;
     use DatabaseTransactions;
 }