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DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

  • It automatically assign IP address to DHCP client (Host).
  • It is based on client server model.
  • DHCP works on Application Layer.
  • Assigned IP range in DHCP is called Scope.
  • BootP is the other method to allocate IP but MAC address must be entered manually in BootP Table.
  • DHCP is dynamic BootP.
  • It uses UDP port 67 & 68 at Transport Layer.

DHCP server can provide :

  1. IP addresses
  2. Subnet Mask
  3. Domain Name
  4. Default Gateway
  5. DNS server address
  6. WiNS Server Address

Working Of DHCP - The DORA Process

  • DORA --> Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledgement.

  1. DHCP Discover (Port 68): Host Machine UDP Broadcast to find locally available DHCP serve. Layer 2 Broadcast: FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. Layer 3 Broadcast: 255.255.255.255.

  2. DHCP Offer (Port 67): DHCP server to client in respose to DHCP discover with offer of configuration parameter (IP address of DHCP server, Offered IP address, MAC of client, Subnet Mask, Lease Length)

  3. DHCP Request (Port 68): Client again broadcast to server after knowing the IP of DHCP server. DHCP request message asking for the offered IP addrerss and other information.

  4. DHCP Acknowledgement (Port 67): Server to client with Configuration Parameter including commited network settings.

DHCP

This is basic information about DHCP. We will see about ARP protocol on Day 13.