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<title>Explore / Jesuit Transmission</title>
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<p class="name">Jesuit Transmission
<p class="main">The Qing dynasty began in the middle of the 17th century with the Manchu Conquest from the north. Its Golden Age began with Emperor Kangxi, who ruled from 1661 to 1722, and continued through his son, Yongzheng (1722-1735), and his grandson, Qianlong (1735-1796). During this period of territorial expansion, the Qing furthered the integration of polity and culture. Imperial power was retained through ritual, ceremony, authority, militarism, and civil administration.
</p>
<p class="alternate"> </p>
<table cellpadding="20" cellspacing="20px">
<tr>
<td><a href="jesuitsobj1.html"><img src="jesuitsthumb1.jpg" alt="Adoration of the Magi" height="300"></a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td><a href="jesuitsobj2.html"><img src="jesuitsthumb2.jpg" alt="Portraits of Emperor Qianlong" height="300"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Adoration of the Magi</br>Jerome Nadal</br>Antwerp, 1596</br><a href="jesuitsobj1.html">(more)</a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td>Portraits of Emperor Qianlong,</br>the Empress, and Eleven </br>Imperial Consorts</br>Qing Dynasty, 1736</br><a href="jesuitsobj2.html">(more)</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="alternate"> </p>
<p class="main">The Jesuits, including Jean-Joseph Marie Amiot, were allowed to stay in Beijing under strict supervision of the Imperial household. The Qing wanted to learn from the Jesuits about western sciences and technology: mathematics, cartography, and astronomy and their application to practical military concerns like weaponry, scientific instruments, and mapmaking. Simultaneously, the Jesuits were exposed to the music at the imperial court. The qin, an instrument associated with the music of scholar-officials, is shown in <a href="jesuitsobj4c.html">Amiot’s <em>Memoire</em></a> and under <a href="chinaobj4.html">"Music in China."</a></p>
<p class="alternate"> </p>
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<td><a href="jesuitsobj3.html"><img src="jesuitsthumb3.jpg" alt="Kircher, China illustrata"></a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td><a href="jesuitsobj4.html"><img src="jesuitsthumb4.jpg" alt="Amiot, Memoir sur la Musique des Chinois"></a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td><a href="jesuitsobj5.html"><img src="jesuitsthumb5.jpg" alt="du Halde, General History of China"</a></td>
<tr>
<td><em>China Illustrata</em></br>Athanasius Kircher</br>Amsterdam, 1667</br><a href="jesuitsobj3.html">(more)</a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td><em>Memoire sur la Musique des Chinois</em></br>Jean-Joseph Marie Amiot</br>Paris, 1779</br><a href="jesuitsobj4.html">(more)</a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td><em>General History of China</em></br>Jean-Baptiste du Halde</br>London, 1741</br><a href="jesuitsobj5.html">(more)</a></td>
</tr>
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<p class="alternate"> </p>
<p class="main">Early European understandings of China relied heavily on Jesuit accounts and organized compilations of these accounts in books like Athanasius Kircher’s <em>China illustrata</em> (1667) and Jean-Baptiste du Halde’s <em>Description de la Chine</em> (1735). The prevalent western image of China at that time was one of a deeply moral and cultured nation which practiced a form of monotheism similar to Judeo-Christianity. The Jesuits sought to link China with a biblical past, as a colony peopled by the offspring of Noah’s son Ham, while Enlightenment philosophers, including Voltaire, saw in China a moral, intelligent, and well-governed society that was not Christian. Either way, European society was intensely sympathetic toward China during this time.
</p></br>
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<td><a href="jesuitsobj6.html"><img src="jesuitsthumb6.jpg" alt="Mappa Mundi" height="300"></a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td><a href="jesuitsobj7.html"><img src="jesuitsthumb7.jpg" alt="Transcriptions of Chinese Melodies" height="300"></a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td><a href="jesuitsobj8.html"><img src="jesuitsthumb8.jpg" alt="Rameau, Les Cyclopes" height="300"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mappa Mundi</br>Shanghai, 1921 (facs)</br><a href="jesuitsobj6.html">(more)</a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td>Transcriptions of Chinese Melodies</br>from <em>General History of China</em></br>Jean-Baptiste du Halde</br>London, 1741</br><a href="jesuitsobj7.html">(more)</a></td>
<td><img src="white50.jpg"></td>
<td><em>Les Cyclopes</em></br>Jean-Phillipe Rameau</br>Paris, 1729-30</br><a href="jesuitsobj8.html">(more)</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="alternate"> </p>
<p class="alternate"><center>Next Collection: <a href="philosophical.html">Philosophical Debates</a></center></p>
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<h3>about</h3>
<ul class="menu cam-footer-links"><li class="item2"><a href="intro.html"><span>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="item4"><a href="credits.html"><span>Credits</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="bts.html"><span>Behind the Scenes</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="bibliography.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="http://www.music.fas.harvard.edu/"><span>Harvard Dept. of Music</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/loebmusic/"><span>Eda Kuhn Loeb Music Library</span></a></li></ul> </div>
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<h3>explore</h3>
<ul class="menu cam-footer-links"><li class="item2"><a href="china1.html"><span>Chinese Music</span></a></li><li class="item4"><a href="jesuits.html"><span>Jesuit Transmission</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="philosophical.html"><span>Philosophical Debates</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="domestic.html"><span>Domestic Chinoiserie</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="opera.html"><span>China on the Operatic Stage</span></a></li></ul> </div>
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<h3>essays</h3>
<ul class="menu cam-footer-links"><li class="item1"><a href="Martin.html"><span>Nathan John Martin</span></a></li><li class="item2"><a href="Rehding.html"><span>Alexander Rehding</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="Schweig.html"><span>Meredith Schweig</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="Service.html"><span>Jonathan Service</span></a></li><li class="item5"><a href="smentek.html"><span>Kristel Smentek</span></a></li><li class="item6"><a href="Tsien.html"><span>Jennifer Tsien</span></a></li></ul> </div>
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<h3>multimedia</h3>
<ul class="menu cam-footer-links"><li class="item1"><a href="guqin.html" title="Chinese Instruments">Chinese Instruments & the History of Chinese Music</a></li>
<li class="item2"><a href="duHalde.html"><span>du Halde in the Chinese Courts</span></a>
<li class="item3"><a href="jesuitsobj8.html"><span>Rameau: "Les Sauvages"</span></a></li>
<li class="item4"><a href="mooleechwa.html"><span>Performances of "Moo Lee Chwa"</span></a></li>
<li class="item5"><a href="texts.html"><span>18th-Century Texts</span></a></li>
<li class="item6"><a href="DomesticChiniserie.html"><span>Domestic Chinoiserie</span></a></li>
<li class="item7"><a href="LeCinesi.html"><span>C.W. Gluck's <em>Le Cinesi</em></span></a></li>
<li class="item8"><a href="Dittersdorf.html"><span>Dittersdorf's Review of <em>Le Cinesi</em></span></a></li>
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