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Remote sensing
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arunp77 committed Nov 20, 2023
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Expand Up @@ -178,28 +178,26 @@ <h2>Various aspects of Satellite data collection </h2>
The algorithm is then trained using a training set which includes images from different geographical locations with similar characteristics. </li>
</ol>


<h3>Satellite data collection levels</h3>

<p>Within remote sensing and its applications, there are a series of levels that are used to define the amount of processing that has been performed to provide a given dataset.
Satellite data is collected at various levels, each representing a different stage of processing and refinement. Here are the common levels of satellite data:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Level 0 (L0):</strong> This is raw data directly from the satellite's sensors and refers to full resolution data. It includes unprocessed digital counts or voltage
measurements. L0 data is transmitted to ground stations. It is unlikely you will work with this level of data, especially for more modern sensors, as this data lacks information
<li><strong>Level 0 (L0): Raw Data:</strong> This is the unprocessed, raw data directly from the satellite's sensors and refers to full resolution data. It includes unprocessed digital counts or voltage
measurements. L0 data is transmitted to ground stations. It is unlikely that we will work with this level of data, especially for more modern sensors, as this data lacks information
such as geo-referencing and time-referencing ancillary information.</li>

<li><strong>Level 1 (L1):</strong> L1 data is generated by applying basic corrections to L0 data. It includes georeferencing, radiometric calibration, and removal of sensor-specific
artifacts. The output is still in sensor units. This level also includes quality and classification flags. <strong>Example:</strong> for ocean color, this would be often referred to
as the “top of atmosphere” radiance [mW.m-2.sr-1.nm-1].</li>
<li><strong>Level 1 (L1): Radiometric Calibration:</strong> In this level, the raw data undergoes radiometric calibration, which involves correcting for sensor-specific
characteristics, such as sensor sensitivity and noise. This step aims to ensure that the data values are consistent and comparable over time.</li>

<li><strong>Level 2 (L2):</strong> At this level, L1 data is further processed to convert sensor units into physical units (e.g., radiance or reflectance). Atmospheric corrections may
also be applied to account for the influence of the atmosphere.</li>
<li><strong>Level 2 (L2): Geometric Correction:</strong> Geometric correction is applied to correct distortions caused by the Earth's terrain and the satellite's position. This includes corrections for
terrain relief, sensor viewing angle, and other geometric distortions, ensuring that the imagery accurately represents the Earth's surface.</li>

<li><strong>Level 3 (L3):</strong> L3 data involves data products that are geographically gridded or mapped. This level often includes time-averaged or composited data to create datasets
suitable for broader scientific analysis.</li>
<li><strong>Level 3 (L3): Atmospheric Correction:</strong> Atmospheric correction involves removing or correcting the effects of the Earth's atmosphere on the satellite data. This is crucial for
obtaining accurate surface reflectance values, especially in applications where the atmospheric conditions can affect the interpretation of features on the Earth's surface.</li>

<li><strong>Level 4 (L4):</strong> L4 data represents higher-level data products derived from multiple satellites or sources. It can include global climate datasets, reanalysis data, or
models that assimilate satellite observations.</li>
<li><strong>Level 4 (L4): Data Processing and Analysis:</strong> At this level, the data is processed and analyzed to generate higher-level products, such as thematic maps, classifications, or indices.
This level often involves the extraction of specific information from the satellite imagery, depending on the objectives of the remote sensing application.</li>
</ol>

<figure style="text-align: center;">
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