ORTPiece: An ORT-Based Turkish Image Captioning Network Based on Transformers and WordPiece

This is a PyTorch implementation of the ORTPiece paper accepted in SIU2023. This repository is largely based on code from the Object Relation Transformer paper which you can find here.

The primary additions are as follows:

• WordPiece Tokenization
• Modified and parallel scripts specialized for Turkish

Pretrained models

You can download our best model from here.

Requirements

• Python 2.7 (because there is no coco-caption version for Python 3)
  • NOTE: You can work with Python 3, but just with 2.7 at evaluation with another simple environment!
• PyTorch 0.4+ (along with torchvision)
• h5py
• scikit-image
• typing
• pyemd
• gensim
• cider (already added as a submodule). See .gitmodules and clone the referenced repo into the object_relation_transformer folder.
• The coco-caption library, which is used for generating different evaluation metrics. To set it up, clone the repo into the object_relation_transformer folder. Make sure to keep the cloned repo folder name as coco-caption and also to run the get_stanford_models.sh script from within that repo.

Data Preparation

Download ResNet101 weights for feature extraction

Download the file resnet101.pth from here. Copy the weights to a folder imagenet_weights within the data folder:

mkdir data/imagenet_weights
cp /path/to/downloaded/weights/resnet101.pth data/imagenet_weights

Download and preprocess the COCO captions

Download the preprocessed COCO Turkish captions, which is parallel to the English version by Karpathy. Extract dataset_cocoturk.json from the zip file and copy it into data/. This file provides preprocessed captions and also standard train-val-test splits.

Then run:

$ python scripts/prepro_labels_wordpiece.py --input_json data/dataset_cocoturk.json --output_json data/cocotalk_piece_20_3.json --output_h5 data/cocotalk_piece_20_3

prepro_labels_wordpiece.py will map all words that occur <= 3 times to a special UNK token, and create a vocabulary for all the remaining words. The image information and vocabulary are dumped into data/cocotalk_piece_20_3.json and discretized caption data are dumped into data/cocotalk_piece_20_3.h5.

Next run:

$ python scripts/prepro_ngrams_tr.py --input_json data/dataset_cocoturk.json --dict_json data/cocotalk.json --output_pkl data/coco-train --split train

This will preprocess the dataset and get the cache for calculating cider score.

Download the COCO dataset and pre-extract the image features

Download the COCO images from the MSCOCO website. We need 2014 training images and 2014 validation images. You should put the train2014/ and val2014/ folders in the same directory, denoted as $IMAGE_ROOT:

mkdir $IMAGE_ROOT
pushd $IMAGE_ROOT
wget http://images.cocodataset.org/zips/train2014.zip
unzip train2014.zip
wget http://images.cocodataset.org/zips/val2014.zip
unzip val2014.zip
popd
wget https://msvocds.blob.core.windows.net/images/262993_z.jpg
mv 262993_z.jpg $IMAGE_ROOT/train2014/COCO_train2014_000000167126.jpg

The last two commands are needed to address an issue with a corrupted image in the MSCOCO dataset (see here). The prepro script will fail otherwise.

Then run:

$ python scripts/prepro_feats.py --input_json data/dataset_coco.json --output_dir data/cocotalk --images_root $IMAGE_ROOT

prepro_feats.py extracts the ResNet101 features (both fc feature and last conv feature) of each image. The features are saved in data/cocotalk_fc and data/cocotalk_att, and resulting files are about 200GB. Running this script may take a day or more, depending on hardware.

(Check the prepro scripts for more options, like other ResNet models or other attention sizes.)

Download the Bottom-up features

Download the pre-extracted features from here. For the paper, the adaptive features were used.

Do the following:

mkdir data/bu_data; cd data/bu_data
wget https://imagecaption.blob.core.windows.net/imagecaption/trainval.zip
unzip trainval.zip

The .zip file is around 22 GB. Then return to the base directory and run:

python scripts/make_bu_data.py --output_dir data/cocobu

This will create data/cocobu_fc, data/cocobu_att and data/cocobu_box.

Generate the relative bounding box coordinates for the Relation Transformer

Run the following:

python scripts/prepro_bbox_relative_coords.py --input_json data/dataset_coco.json --input_box_dir data/cocobu_box --output_dir data/cocobu_box_relative --image_root $IMAGE_ROOT

This should take a couple hours or so, depending on hardware.

Model Training and Evaluation

Standard cross-entropy loss training

python train.py --id relation_transformer_bu --caption_model relation_transformer --input_json data/cocotalk_piece_20_3.json --input_fc_dir data/cocobu_fc --input_att_dir data/cocobu_att --input_box_dir data/cocobu_box --input_rel_box_dir data/cocobu_box_relative --input_label_h5 data/cocotalk_piece_20_3_label.h5 --checkpoint_path wordpiece_20_3_log_relation_transformer_bu --noamopt --noamopt_warmup 10000 --label_smoothing 0.0 --batch_size 15 --learning_rate 5e-4 --num_layers 6 --input_encoding_size 512 --rnn_size 2048 --learning_rate_decay_start 0 --scheduled_sampling_start 0 --save_checkpoint_every 6000 --language_eval 0 --val_images_use 5000 --max_epochs 50 --use_box 1  

The train script will dump checkpoints into the folder specified by --checkpoint_path (default = save/). We only save the best-performing checkpoint on validation and the latest checkpoint to save disk space.

To resume training, you can specify --start_from option to be the path saving infos.pkl and model.pth (usually you could just set --start_from and --checkpoint_path to be the same).

If you have tensorflow, the loss histories are automatically dumped into --checkpoint_path, and can be visualized using tensorboard.

The current command uses scheduled sampling. You can also set scheduled_sampling_start to -1 to disable it.

If you'd like to evaluate BLEU/METEOR/CIDEr scores during training in addition to validation cross entropy loss, use --language_eval 1 option, but don't forget to download the coco-caption code into coco-caption directory. NOTE: If you have decided to have a python 2.7 environment separate for coco-caption then you would have a problem here!

For more options, see opts.py.

Evaluate on Karpathy's test split

To evaluate the cross-entropy model, run:

python eval.py --dump_images 0 --num_images 500 --model wordpiece_20_3_log_relation_transformer_bu/model-best.pth --infos_path wordpiece_20_3_log_relation_transformer_bu/infos_relation_transformer_bu-best.pkl --image_root data --input_json data/cocotalk_piece_20_3.json --input_label_h5 data/cocotalk_piece_20_3_label.h5  --input_fc_dir data/cocobu_fc --input_att_dir data/cocobu_att --input_box_dir data/cocobu_box --input_rel_box_dir data/cocobu_box_relative --language_eval 1

Citation

@inproceedings{ersoy2023ortpiece,
title={ORTPiece: An ORT-based Turkish image captioning network based on transformers and WordPiece},
author={Ersoy, Asim and Y{\i}ld{\i}z, Olcay Taner and {\"O}zer, Sedat},
booktitle={2023 31st Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU)},
pages={1--4},
year={2023},
organization={IEEE}
}

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Yahoo and Ruotian Luo for the original code.