ALX Low-level Programming

• This repository is a collection of directories containing a combination ofbash scripts and C programs as part of my Fullstack Software Engineering learning journey with ALX.
• The files contained in these directories demonstrate my knowledge and understanding of the fundamental principles of computer programming.
• All scripts and programs were created, compiled and tested on an Ubuntu 20.04 environment.
• All programs in this repository were compiled using gcc -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89 [file(s)]

0x00-hello_world/

C Basics. Concepts covered include:

• Program Structure
• Fundamental Data Types
• Compiling and Running C programs
• Header Files

0x01-variables_if_else_while/

Program control flow. Concepts covered include:

• Data Types and Variables
• Declareations, Expressions and Assignment
• Arithmetic Operators (+, -, /, *, **, %)
• Relational Operators (<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=)
• Logical Operators (&&, ||, !)
• Conditionals (if, else if, else)
• Loops (for, while, do while)
• break and continue statements
• Betty coding standard
• ASCII
• Precedence and Associativity of operators

0x02-functions_nested_loops/

• What are nested loops and how to use them.
• What is a function and how do you use functions.
• What is the difference between a declaration and a definition of a function.
• What is a prototype.
• Scope of variables.
• What are the gcc flags -Wall -Werror -pedantic -Wextra -std=gnu89.
• What are header files and how to use them with #include.

0x03-debugging/

0x04-more_functions_nested_loops/

• What are nested loops and how to use them.
• What is a function and how do you use functions.
• What is the difference between a declaration and a definition of a function.
• What is a prototype.
• Scope of variables.
• What are the gcc flags -Wall -Werror -pedantic -Wextra -std=gnu89.
• What are header files and how to use them with #include.

0x05-pointers_arrays_strings/

• What are pointers and how to use them.
• What are arrays and how to use them.
• What are the differences between pointers and arrays.
• How to use strings and how to manipulate them.
• Scope variables.

0x06-pointers_arrays_strings/

• What are pointers and how to use them.
• What are arrays and how to use them.
• What are the differences between pointers and arrays.
• How to use strings and how to manipulate them.
• Scope variables.

0x07-pointers_arrays_strings/

• What are pointers and how to use them
• What are multidimensional arrays and how to use them
• What are the most common C standard library functions to manipulate strings

0x08-recursion/

• What is recursion
• How to implement recursionIn what situations you should implemet recursion
• In what situations you shouldn't implement recursion

0x09-static_libraries/

• What is static library, how does it work, how to create one, and how to use it
• Basic usage of ar, ranlib, nm.

0x0A-argc_argv/

• How to use arguments passed to your program
• What are two prototypes of main that you know of, and in which case do you use one or the other
• How to use attribute((unused)) or (void) to compile function with unused variables or parameters

0x0B-malloc_free/

• What is the difference between automatic and dynamic allocation
• What is malloc and free and how to use them
• Why and when use malloc
• How to use valgrind to check for memory leak

0x0C-more_malloc_free/

• How to use the exit function
• What are the functions calloc and realloc from the standard library and how to use them

0x0D-preprocessor/

• What are macros and how to use them
• What are the most common predefined macros
• How to include guard your header files

0x0E-structures_typedef/

• What are structures, when, why and how to use them
• How to use typedef

0x0F-function_pointers/

• What are function pointers and how to use them
• What does a function pointer exactly hold
• Where does a function pointer point to in the virtual memory

0x10-variadic_functions/

• What are variadic functions
• How to use va_start, va_arg and va_end macros
• Why and how to use the const type qualifier

0x12-singly_linked_lists/

• When and why using linked lists vs arrays
• How to build and use linked lists

0x13-more_singly_linked_lists/

• How to use linked lists

0x14-bit_manipulation/

• How to manipulate bits and use bitwise operators

0x015-file_io/

• What are file descriptors
• What are the 3 standard file descriptors, what are their purpose and what are their POSIX names
• How to use the I/O system calls open, close, read and write
• What are and how to use the flags O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR
• What are file permissions, and how to set them when creating a file with the open system call
• What is a system call
• What is the difference between a function and a system call

0x017-doubly_linked_lists/

• What is a doubly linked list
• How to use doubly linked lists
• Understand and know how to implement the various operations (deletion, insertion, etc) with doubly linked lists

0x018-dynamic_libraries/

• What is a dynamic library, how does it work, how to create one, and how to use it
• What is the environment variable $LD_LIBRARY_PATH and how to use it
• What are the differences between static and shared libraries
• Basic usage nm, ldd, ldconfig

0x01A-hash_tables/

• What makes a good hash function
• What is a hash table, how do they work and how to use them
• What is a collision and what are the main ways of dealing with collisions in the context of a hash table
• What are the advantages and drawbacks of using hash tables
• What are the most common use cases of hash tables