Fixes varios issues with rebuilding CI Docker images

[skmcgrail]

• Update Intel SDE from 9.21.1 to 9.44.0 as the older version is no longer available on at the mirror location.
• Update the AL2023 SSM Agent file to pull the changed path location for the manifest for GitHub.
• Update the CentOS 7 docker image's mirrors to use the vault location as the previous mirror is no longer serving the repository files.
• Since cryptofuzz is no longer available on GitHub from the original upstream author, update it to pull an archived file from a CloudFront distribution from our team AWS account. I have also put a copy of the code in AWS CodeCommit for a complete git history.
• Botan repository tip isn't building for us on AL2023 anymore (looks like C++ 20 related / issues with cryptofuzz maybe?), anyways pinned to the current cryptofuzz we've been using and botan version that was released around that time.
• Update CDK dependencies for good hygiene
• Turns out our Windows CDK image build was never truly automated....so fix that by automating the long-standing issue of not installing the Docker engine.

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license and the ISC license.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 78.76%. Comparing base (a16c659) to head (856cee3).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2077      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   78.77%   78.76%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         598      598              
  Lines      103744   103650      -94     
  Branches    14735    14720      -15     
==========================================
- Hits        81726    81640      -86     
+ Misses      21366    21357       -9     
- Partials      652      653       +1     

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