chore: upgrade dependencies in superchain image

The Debian 10 image uses Python 3.7 which was causing failures elsewhere due to required minimum python 3.8. Debian 10 is also ten months out of security support so upgrading it seemed like the right decision here. This change also updates Node to 16 due to Node 14 being EOL and updates Maven to 3.9.3 dur to the distro link for the older version not working when building a local superchain image.

This is the same as another PR posted but upgrading to Debian 12 instead.

superchain/Dockerfile

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ########################################################################################################################
 # Prepare install images of "manual" binary distributions (runs on BUILD platform for speed)
 ########################################################################################################################
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} public.ecr.aws/debian/debian:11 as bindist
+FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} public.ecr.aws/debian/debian:bookworm as bindist
 
 # Build & target platforms, they are provided by buildx and will look like "linux/amd64" or "linux/arm64"
 ARG BUILDPLATFORM
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ ENV BUILDPLATFORM=${BUILDPLATFORM:-linux/amd64}
   TARGETPLATFORM=${TARGETPLATFORM:-linux/amd64}
 
 # We require a couple of tools to be available in order to work here...
-RUN echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/buster-backports.list       \
+RUN echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/buster-backports.list     \
   && apt-get update                                                                                                     \
   && apt-get install -y gpg tar zsh                                                                                     \
   # We need a "recent" (>= 7.71) version of curl for --retry-all-errors, so we get it from backports...
-  && apt-get install -y -t buster-backports curl
+  && apt-get install -y -t bookworm-backports curl
 
 # We'll be using zsh substitutions, so ensuring this is the shell we use
 SHELL ["/bin/zsh", "-c"]
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ RUN curl -fSsL "https://golang.org/dl/go${GO_VERSION}.linux-${TARGETPLATFORM#lin
 ########################################################################################################################
 # Set up the image
 ########################################################################################################################
-FROM public.ecr.aws/debian/debian:11-slim as staging
+FROM public.ecr.aws/debian/debian:bookworm-slim as staging
 
 # Build & target platforms, they are provided by buildx and will look like "linux/amd64" or "linux/arm64"
 ARG BUILDPLATFORM
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ RUN apt-get update
   gnupg                                                                                                                 \
   gzip                                                                                                                  \
   libffi-dev                                                                                                            \
-  libicu67                                                                                                              \
+  libicu72                                                                                                              \
   libssl-dev                                                                                                            \
   openssl                                                                                                               \
   rsync                                                                                                                 \
@@ -152,8 +152,10 @@ ENV PATH=$PATH:${CARGO_HOME}/bin
 # Install Python 3
 RUN apt-get update                                                                                                      \
   && apt-get -y install python3 python3-dev python3-pip python3-venv                                                    \
+  && python3 -m venv .venv                                                                                              \
+  && source .venv/bin/activate                                                                                          \
   && python3 -m pip install --no-input --upgrade pip                                                                    \
-  && python3 -m pip install --no-input --upgrade black setuptools twine wheel                                    \
+  && python3 -m pip install --no-input --upgrade black setuptools twine wheel aws-sam-cli                               \
   && rm -rf $(pip cache dir)                                                                                            \
   && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
@@ -223,9 +225,6 @@ RUN apt-key add /tmp/nodesource.asc && rm /tmp/nodesource.asc
   && apt-get -y install nodejs yarn                                                                                     \
   && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Install SAM CLI
-RUN pip install aws-sam-cli                                                                                             \
-  && sam --version
 
 # Install Amazon SSM agent (allows debugging of builds via `codebuild-breakpoint`, https://go.aws/3TVW7vL)
 RUN apt-get update                                                                                                      \