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django-authentication-by-email-no-username.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="author" content="Thomas Loiret">
<meta name="description" content="How to use the email as the user identifier and no longer use the username ?">
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<title>Django authentication by email (no username) - Thomas Loiret - Random thoughts</title>
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<h1 itemprop="name">Django authentication by email (no username)</h1>
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Thomas Loiret
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<span class="meta__date" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-06-14">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-calendar"></span> Wed 14 June 2017
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<h2>Goal</h2>
<ul>
<li>Allow user to register and log with email/password and not username/password.</li>
<li>Keep the behaviour as close as possible from Django defaults.<ul>
<li>manage.py createsuperuser with email</li>
<li>Admin creation and update</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Redefine the fewer code possible</li>
</ul>
<h2>Step 1: User model</h2>
<p>The first thing to do is to redefine the <code>User</code> model. Unlike Django documentation, our model will not inherit <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/auth/customizing/#django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser"><code>AbstractUser</code></a>, but <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/auth/customizing/#django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser"><code>AbstractBaseUser</code></a> because we don't want the username field anymore. Except from that, all the code below is pretty much the same as <code>AbstractUser</code> as we can see it from Django's code. We also inherit from <code>PermissionsMixin</code> so we still get the permission and group feature available.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">models</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.contrib.auth.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">AbstractBaseUser</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.contrib.auth.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">PermissionsMixin</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.core.mail</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">send_mail</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.utils</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">timezone</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.utils.translation</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ugettext_lazy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">_</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AbstractBaseUser</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PermissionsMixin</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EmailField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unique</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">is_staff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BooleanField</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'staff status'</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">help_text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Designates whether the user can log into this site.'</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">is_active</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BooleanField</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'active'</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">help_text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">'Designates whether this user should be treated as active. '</span>
<span class="s1">'Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">first_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'first name'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">blank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">last_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'last name'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">150</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">blank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">date_joined</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateTimeField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'date joined'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">objects</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">UserManager</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">USERNAME_FIELD</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'email'</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Meta</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">verbose_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'user'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">verbose_name_plural</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'users'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">normalize_email</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_short_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Return the short name for the user."""</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first_name</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">email_user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">subject</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_email</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Send an email to this user."""</span>
<span class="n">send_mail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">subject</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Once it is done, add to your setting <code>AUTH_USER_MODEL</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'my_app_user.User'
</code></pre></div>
<h2>Step 2: User manager</h2>
<p>With just the model things won't work, you also need to redefine the Manager so it doesn't take into account the username anymore. Again this looks a lot like the default <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/contrib/auth/#manager-methods"><code>UserManager</code></a>'s code.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.contrib.auth.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BaseUserManager</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">UserManager</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseUserManager</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Redefine user manager with email as identifier."""</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_create_user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Creates and saves a User with the given email and password.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'The Email must be set'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">normalize_email</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_password</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">user</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create_user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setdefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'is_staff'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setdefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'is_superuser'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_create_user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create_superuser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setdefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'is_staff'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setdefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'is_superuser'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_create_user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">extra_fields</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>So now we can create superuser with :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>python manage.py createsuperuser
</code></pre></div>
<h2>Step 3: Admininistration</h2>
<p>Like for the previous step, here I was inspired by default <a href="https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/admin.py"><code>UserAdmin</code></a>. I just removed all trace of <code>username</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.contrib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">admin</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.contrib.auth.admin</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">UserAdmin</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">DjangoUserAdmin</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.utils.translation</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">gettext_lazy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">_</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">user.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">User</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">UserAdmin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DjangoUserAdmin</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">fieldsets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'fields'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'email'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">)}),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Personal info'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'fields'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">,)}),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Permissions'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'fields'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'is_active'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'is_staff'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'is_superuser'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'groups'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'user_permissions'</span><span class="p">)}),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Important dates'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'fields'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'last_login'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'date_joined'</span><span class="p">)}),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">add_fieldsets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="s1">'classes'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'wide'</span><span class="p">,),</span>
<span class="s1">'fields'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'email'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'password1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'password2'</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">}),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">list_display</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'email'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'is_staff'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">list_filter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'is_staff'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'is_superuser'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'is_active'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'groups'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">search_fields</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'email'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ordering</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'email'</span><span class="p">,)</span>
<span class="n">filter_horizontal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'groups'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'user_permissions'</span><span class="p">,)</span>
<span class="n">admin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">site</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">UserAdmin</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>We got an authentification closed to Django's defaults but with email and no longer with username.</p>
<p>The only thing missing is to regroup in the administration the <code>User</code> and <code>Group</code>. I didn't find any simple way to do it.</p>
<h3>Inspirations</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/models.py">https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/models.py</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py">https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@ramykhuffash/django-authentication-with-just-an-email-and-password-no-username-required-33e47976b517">https://medium.com/@ramykhuffash/django-authentication-with-just-an-email-and-password-no-username-required-33e47976b517</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/auth/customizing/#substituting-a-custom-user-model">https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/auth/customizing/#substituting-a-custom-user-model</a></li>
</ul>
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