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django-multiple-forms-in-one-class-based-view.html
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<h1 itemprop="name">Django: multiple forms in one class based view</h1>
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Thomas Loiret
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<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-calendar"></span> Tue 01 August 2017
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<h2>Context</h2>
<p>Let's say we want to rebuild Stackoverflow and especially the page of a question. On this page you can either post a response or a comment, so here classic class based views are not enough. We will focus on those two forms (response and comment) for the example bellow.</p>
<h3>Constraints</h3>
<ul>
<li>Staying on the same URL after submitting a form</li>
<li>Forms cannot be submitted at the same time</li>
<li>Using a class based view style because it seems more readable in my opinion</li>
</ul>
<h2>forms.py</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">forms</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ResponseForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2>urls.py</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.conf.urls</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">url</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">my_app.views</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">QuestionDetail</span>
<span class="n">urlpatterns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="n">url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">"^detail/(?P<pk>\w+)/$"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">QuestionDetail</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_view</span><span class="p">()),</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2>views.py</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.contrib.auth.mixins</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">LoginRequiredMixin</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.http</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Http404</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.shortcuts</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">render</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.views.generic</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">View</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">my_app.forms</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">CommentForm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ResponseForm</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">my_app.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Question</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">QuestionDetail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LoginRequiredMixin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">View</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">template_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'my_app/question_detail.html'</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Question</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pk</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'pk'</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">Question</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DoesNotExist</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">Http404</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Question not found!'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">obj</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_context_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'question'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_object</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="s1">'response_form'</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'response_form'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ResponseForm</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="s1">'comment_form'</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'comment_form'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CommentForm</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">template_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_context_data</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">ctxt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="s1">'response'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">response_form</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ResponseForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">response_form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_valid</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="c1"># Here, save the response</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ctxt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'response_form'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">response_form</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="s1">'comment'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">comment_form</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">comment_form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_valid</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="c1"># Here, save the comment</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ctxt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'comment_form'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">comment_form</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">template_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_context_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">ctxt</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Here the view inherit from <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/class-based-views/base/#django.views.generic.base.View"><code>View</code></a> in order to keep a class based view style. All methods here has been inspired by other CBV like <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/class-based-views/generic-editing/#django.views.generic.edit.UpdateView"><code>UpdateView</code></a>.</p>
<h2>question_detail.html</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt"><fieldset></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><legend></span>Answer<span class="w"> </span>the<span class="w"> </span>question<span class="nt"></legend></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><form</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"post"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">{%</span> <span class="k">csrf_token</span> <span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">{{</span> <span class="nv">response_form</span> <span class="cp">}}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"response"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Submit"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></form></span>
<span class="nt"></fieldset></span>
<span class="nt"><fieldset></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><legend></span>Add<span class="w"> </span>a<span class="w"> </span>comment<span class="nt"></legend></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><form</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"post"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">{%</span> <span class="k">csrf_token</span> <span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">{{</span> <span class="nv">comment_form</span> <span class="cp">}}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"comment"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Submit"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></form></span>
<span class="nt"></fieldset></span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>For each form, in the template the should name the submit button in order to know in the view which form has been submitted.</p>
<h2>Inspirations</h2>
<p>While looking for a solution to handle multiple forms in one view I found these posts whose inspired me:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://anothercomputingblog.blogspot.fr/2010/04/multiple-django-forms-on-same-view.html">Multiple Django forms in the same view</a> (How to know which form has been submitted)</li>
<li><a href="https://chriskief.com/2012/12/30/django-class-based-views-with-multiple-forms/">Django Class-based Views with Multiple Forms</a> (Tweak <code>UpdateView</code> in order the handle multiple forms)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.joshuakehn.com/2013/7/18/multiple-django-forms-in-one-form.html">Using Multiple Django Forms On One Page</a> (Talks about saving several forms in one shot)</li>
<li><a href="https://krzysztofzuraw.com/blog/2016/two-forms-one-view-django.html">Two forms one view in django</a> (Use multiple views to handle multiple forms, interesting approach)</li>
</ul>
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