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betrusted-scripts

Scripts to provision Precursor using a Raspberry Pi plus the Raspberry Pi debug hat.

If you're just looking to update your device, perhaps this would be a better starting point:

https://github.com/betrusted-io/betrusted-wiki/wiki/Updating-Your-Device

Setup

The core scripts most users will want to use are update_xous.sh, config_up5k.sh, and wfx_image.sh. These are all in the root level of this repository.

These scripts assume the following file structure:

/home/pi/
   |
  code---
        |
        ------ betrusted-scripts    <-- this repo
        |
        ------ precursors           <-- where firmware artifacts (built on another computer) are staged
	|
	------ fomu-flash           <-- https://github.com/betrusted-io/fomu-flash

This repo uses submodules, so be sure to either clone using --recursive or call a git submodule init && git submodule update after cloning.

Note that the jtag-tools has dependencies, please consult its README file on how to setup and install.

Furthermore note that you will need fomu-flash installed and built for the Pi. Please refer to its repo for compilation and installation instructions.

If you want GDB debugging capability, you may also want to install wishbone-tool and plug Precursor's USB port into the Raspberry Pi's USB port.

Xous Updates

This flow assumes you have initialized your root keys, and that you are just looking to apply a built-from-source update.

  1. Check out xous-core
  2. Run the build & stage script for linux or windows. This will stage soc_csr.bin, xous_img.bin, and loader.bin into the precursors directory.
  3. Alternatively, download the bleeding-edge binaries and copy them to the precursors directory.
  4. Run update_xous.sh. Specify any one of -f, -l, or -k to skip burning any of the FPGA, loader or kernel images.
  5. Choose Install gateware update from the main menu.

Unbricking & Factory Reset

"Firmware artifacts" are binary files that correspond to various sections of the device firmware. If you are simply trying to flash your device from a pre-build, you would receive an archive of the binaries and extract them into the precursors directory.

Copies of the bleeding-edge binaries can be found on the CI server. They aren't stable, but if you also don't want to set up a build environment, it's the fastest way to get started. As of writing, there is not yet a "stable" release process for Precursor.

If you are trying to build everything from scratch, there are corresponding scripts in the firmware generation directories for:

  • Xous (xous-core)
  • the EC image (betrusted-ec - run cargo xtask push [ip address] [ssh ID file] in the root of the repo)

Note that you should build either Xous or the validation firmware image. At the time of writing, it's strongly encouraged that you build for Xous, as Xous is actively maintained and the validation firmware (which was used mainly for hardware board bringup) is soon to be depracated.

These scripts will build firmware images and copy them to the code/precursors directory on the target Raspberry Pi automatically, once you specify the IP address of the Pi and a ssh private key file (if used).

Here is a description of the relevant commands, in the order that you would execute them to bring up a board "from factory blank state" (that is, with brand new, blank FLASH memories everywhere):

  • wfx_image.sh will write the firmware blob for the SiLabs WF200 to the EC's SPI memory space. Note that the WF200 is an untrusted entity, and the system trusts the WF200 precisely as much as it would trust any cable modem or core router. The firmware image comen from within the wfx-firmware submodule within this repo.
  • config_up5k.sh will set the QE bit of the EC SPI memory and provision an image located in precursors/bt-ec.bin onto the EC SPI. This effectively provisions the EC.
  • provision_xous.sh will do a factory reset of your Precursor. This is also the script to use if you have not initialized root keys on the device (that is, it's already in a factory-new state). It burns an FPGA image precursors/encrypted.bin, a firmware file precursors/xous.img, and a loader precursors/loader.bin to the correct locations in SoC FLASH space.

Note that an "encrypted" image is used for the FPGA by default; however, for FPGAs that have not been sealed by the end user, the encrypted image is encrypted by default to the "dummy key", e.g. an AES key of all 0's.

Fused-locked Devices

Devices where the eFuse has been blown & secured will only accept SoC images that are encrypted to the device's key. As JTAG burning of the FLASH requires loading an intermediate bitstream, this intermediate bitstream must be encrypted to your device.

If you have the backup key of a fuse-locked device, you can use the scripts here to unbrick a device. You can specify the backup key with the --key argument to either update_xous.sh or provision_xous.sh scripts.

The script will always accept a key that is formatted as a hex string. If you have a recent enough version of Python that you can run bip_utils (pip3 install bip_utils), you can directly pass your BIP-39 key to the script by providing it as an escaped quoted string, e.g. --key "\"canoe lift art ...\"".

However, Rasbpians version "Stretch" or older ship with a Python that is too old for bip_utils. In this case, you need to translate the BIP-39 phrase into the "entropy" as a hex string using another utility.

Other scripts

Some other scripts included here:

  • vbus.sh -- takes an argument 0 or 1 to turn off or on the power to Precursor. Do not turn on power to Precursor if you have it already plugged into a charger. This script is mostly useful for low-level debug of stand-alone boards.
  • uart_fpga.sh -- mux the SoC UART to the Rpi /dev/ttyS0
  • uart_up5k.sh -- mux the EC UART to the Rpi /dev/ttyS0
  • reset_soc.sh -- pulls the PROG_N line on the SoC, forcing it to reload. Also resets the SPI ROM out of OPI mode.
  • reset_ec.sh -- pulls the CRESET_B line on the EC, forcing it to reload.
  • start_gdb*.sh -- will start wishbone-tools wish some defaults that enable variations of GDB connectivity, either via USB, TTY, or otherwise. Assumes crossover UART unless -noterm is used. Requires a .csv file that describes the FPGA in question, which should be provisioned automatically if you use the buildpush.sh script in the correpsonding FPGA's repo.

Limitations

There is a hard cap on the size of a bitstream that can be handled by the script, due to an FFI array that is pre-allocated. It is 20Mbits, or about 2.9Mbytes. The script will also segfault if you try to readback-verify very large files (>3.5MiB or so); this may be due to stack size limitations imposed by the shell environment. This is because readback verification is done in a "single shot" into a large buffer (for performance reasons). Programming a binary does not have a parallel limitation because files are broken into erase-sector sized blocks and iteratively programmed. In pracitce, I have never seen a verify failure, so for large files I just drop the verification step.

BBRAM key provisioning

The BBRAM key is an ephemeral (battery-backed) key for the FPGA. You should use this if you have high value, ephemeral secrets you wish to protect. Don't use it for archival (because when the battery dies you lose your data). It's also useful for development.

The 7-Series FPGA is unable to provision its own BBRAM key, unfortunately. It needs help of an external tool to receive the secret material and turn it into JTAG commands. bbram_helper.py is a script that does this. While it creates no files or intentionally permanent record of the key, if you are worried about safety:

  • Run this on a use-once Raspberry Pi that has been airgapped from the network
  • Turn off the device immediately after provisioning
  • Wait at least few minutes (so the DRAM cells fully discharge) before powering on again
  • Ideally, destroy the microSD card used to boot the image, just in case portions of RAM were committed to disk (e.g. as swap).

Prerequisites

You will need to install the following packages (installed via pip3 install or pip install based on your distro):

  • pexpect
  • pycrypto
  • cffi
  • progressbar2

Running

  1. Connect the Precursor device to a Raspberry Pi via the debug HAT (see https://github.com/betrusted-io/betrusted-wiki/wiki/Updating-Your-Device#failsafe-method)
  2. Boot the Precursor device
  3. Run ./bbram_helper.py and follow the on-screen instructions

Contribution Guidelines

Contributor Covenant

Please see CONTRIBUTING for details on how to make a contribution.

Please note that this project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By participating in this project you agree to abide its terms.

License

Copyright © 2021

Licensed under the GPL-3.0 LICENSE