Standard names: Propose new names for emissions for trace gases and aerosols from all burning for use in AerChemMIP2 and CMIP7

[fmoconnor]

On behalf of the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP7, I would like to propose standard names for a number of variables for which no standard name currently exists. These are as follows:

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_sulfur_dioxide_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide is SO2. The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "agricultural waste burning" sector comprises field burning of agricultural residues. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources.

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_carbon_monoxide_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The chemical formula for carbon monoxide is CO. The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "agricultural waste burning" sector comprises field burning of agricultural residues. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources.

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_nox_expressed_as_nitrogen_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. "Nox" means nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "agricultural waste burning" sector comprises field burning of agricultural residues. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources.

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_nmvoc_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. "nmvoc" means non methane volatile organic compounds; "nmvoc" is the term used in standard names to describe the group of chemical species having this classification that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "agricultural waste burning" sector comprises field burning of agricultural residues. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources.

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_ammonia_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. "nmvoc" means non methane volatile organic compounds; The chemical formula for ammonia is NH3. The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "agricultural waste burning" sector comprises field burning of agricultural residues. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources.

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_elemental_carbon_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the particles. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol takes up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the aerosol. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. the surface of the earth). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. Chemically, "elemental carbon" is the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter that is thermally stable in an inert atmosphere to high temperatures near 4000K and can only be gasified by oxidation starting at temperatures above 340 C. It is assumed to be inert and non-volatile under atmospheric conditions and insoluble in any solvent (Ogren and Charlson, 1983).

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol takes up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the aerosol. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The term "particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol" means all particulate organic matter dry aerosol except elemental carbon. It is the sum of primary_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol and secondary_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. the surface of the earth). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "agricultural waste burning" sector comprises field burning of agricultural residues. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources.

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_dimethyl_sulfide_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The chemical formula for dimethyl sulfide is (CH3)2S. Dimethyl sulfide is sometimes referred to as DMS. The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "agricultural waste burning" sector comprises field burning of agricultural residues. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources.

Name: tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_methane_due_to_emission_from_all_fires
Units: kg m-2 s-1
Metadata: The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The chemical formula for methane is CH4. The term "all fires" comprises "forest fires", "Savanna and grassland fires" and "agricultural waste burning". The "forest fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in forests. "Forest fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "savanna and grassland fires" sector comprises the burning (natural and human-induced) of living or dead vegetation in non-forested areas. It excludes field burning of agricultural residues. "Savanna and grassland fires" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources. The "agricultural waste burning" sector comprises field burning of agricultural residues. "Agricultural waste burning" is the term used in standard names to describe a collection of emission sources.

Thank you for considering this proposal.

Proposer's name: Fiona O'Connor
Date: 30 August 2024

[github-actions]

Thank you for your proposal. These terms will be added to the cfeditor (http://cfeditor.ceda.ac.uk/proposals/1) shortly. Your proposal will then be reviewed and commented on by the community and Standard Names moderator.

[efisher008]

Hi Fiona @fmoconnor,

Thank you for your patience. I have now added your proposed names into the CF editor.

The format of the names is consistent with existing standard names containing atmopshere_mass_content / due_to_emission and follows the general standard name formatting rules. I don't believe we have any phrase emission_from_all_fires, so if the definition for this can be agreed upon I think it will be worth adding it to the CF phrasebank for use in future standard names.

In the Guidelines for Construction of CF Names, the unit kg m-2 s-1 is generally described using the phrase mass_flux, although I am aware of an ongoing discussion around the application of tendency in standard names (#30). I will check back as to whether that has relevance for this proposal in the context of your proposed names.

Best wishes,
Ellie

[fmoconnor]

@efisher008 Thanks Ellie for your comments on this issue and for pointing me to #30. If these names were solely diagnosing an emission flux from a single sector, the use of mass_flux would be appropriate. However, in this case, these names are referring to the increment in atmospheric mass of a particular species as a result of the addition of emissions from a single source or multiple sources. As a result, I would prefer to retain the term tendency. The use of tendency is also consistent with other CF names that apply to other species. Examples include tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_ammonia_due_to_emission and tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_ammonia_due_to_emission_from_agricultural_production

[fmoconnor]

@efisher008 Ellie, thanks for your comment about the phrase from_all_fires. There are phrases in the CF convention such as due_to_emission_from_agricultural_waste_burning, due_to_emission_from_forest_fires, and due_to_emission_from_savanna_and_grassland_fires. Here, we're trying to capture the change in the atmospheric mass of species due to all burning - be it either anthropogenic (e.g., agricultural_waste_burning) or natural wildfires. This separation between anthropogenic and natural burning is challenging. I wonder whether the term used could be even more explicit than from_all_fires and would welcome any comments from the FireMIP community.

[JonathanGregory]

Dear @fmoconnor and @efisher008

I would advocate from_fires instead of from_all_fires, because in general in standard names, if a restriction isn't stated, the default is "everything". Words like "total", "all" and "net" are meaningful in the context of a collection of other things that are their components. When this quantity stands alone, it wouldn't be obvious what "all" implied - what would "not all" mean, a user would need to know.

Best wishes

Jonathan