diff --git a/404.html b/404.html index 932b0a0..1c0f64b 100755 --- a/404.html +++ b/404.html @@ -462,6 +462,8 @@ + + @@ -718,6 +720,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/about/index.html b/about/index.html index ea463c2..cc54fcf 100755 --- a/about/index.html +++ b/about/index.html @@ -470,6 +470,8 @@ + + @@ -726,6 +728,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/blog/2024/02/06/hello-blog-/index.html b/blog/2024/02/06/hello-blog-/index.html index 85612c9..67f85c0 100755 --- a/blog/2024/02/06/hello-blog-/index.html +++ b/blog/2024/02/06/hello-blog-/index.html @@ -473,6 +473,8 @@ + + @@ -729,6 +731,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/blog/archive/2024/index.html b/blog/archive/2024/index.html index 1ee5ef9..d12b9f4 100755 --- a/blog/archive/2024/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2024/index.html @@ -473,6 +473,8 @@ + + @@ -729,6 +731,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/blog/category/blog/index.html b/blog/category/blog/index.html index 735d851..6e1b734 100755 --- a/blog/category/blog/index.html +++ b/blog/category/blog/index.html @@ -475,6 +475,8 @@ + + @@ -731,6 +733,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/blog/index.html b/blog/index.html index b238637..fbd7f55 100755 --- a/blog/index.html +++ b/blog/index.html @@ -475,6 +475,8 @@ + + @@ -731,6 +733,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/cpp/create_env/index.html b/fundamental/cpp/create_env/index.html index e5167cc..cbbf3cf 100755 --- a/fundamental/cpp/create_env/index.html +++ b/fundamental/cpp/create_env/index.html @@ -477,6 +477,8 @@ + + @@ -733,6 +735,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/cpp/hello_world/index.html b/fundamental/cpp/hello_world/index.html index 3ebbc4e..c32c9fa 100755 --- a/fundamental/cpp/hello_world/index.html +++ b/fundamental/cpp/hello_world/index.html @@ -477,6 +477,8 @@ + + @@ -733,6 +735,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/cpp/index.html b/fundamental/cpp/index.html index deb4616..b7f41ff 100755 --- a/fundamental/cpp/index.html +++ b/fundamental/cpp/index.html @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ - + @@ -477,6 +477,8 @@ + + @@ -733,6 +735,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + @@ -1250,7 +1273,7 @@

    C++

    diff --git a/fundamental/python/classes/index.html b/fundamental/python/classes/index.html new file mode 100755 index 0000000..6e3b646 --- /dev/null +++ b/fundamental/python/classes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1397 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Classes - LMcps Book + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳轉到 + + +
    +
    + +
    + + + + +
    + + +
    + +
    + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

    Classes

    +

    Introduction

    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    + + + +
    + + + +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/fundamental/python/dictionaries/index.html b/fundamental/python/dictionaries/index.html index 8f1cd69..8f68e1b 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/dictionaries/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/dictionaries/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -895,6 +897,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/functions/index.html b/fundamental/python/functions/index.html index 7f1fa92..e33bed0 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/functions/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/functions/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ - + @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -773,6 +775,84 @@ + + +
  • + + + Define a Function + + + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Factory Function + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Nested Function + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Recursion + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Practice + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Assignment + + +
    • @@ -784,6 +864,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + @@ -1199,6 +1300,84 @@ + + +
  • + + + Define a Function + + + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Factory Function + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Nested Function + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Recursion + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Practice + + + +
    • + +
  • + + + Assignment + + +
    • @@ -1234,6 +1413,539 @@

    Functions

    Introduction

    +

    往下之前，請你回想 Repetition Structures - Nested Loop 中的例子:

    +

    輸入一個正整數 \(n\)，輸出 \([1, n]\) 間的最大質數。

    +
     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
+11
+12
    n = int(input())
+
+for i in range(n, 0, -1):
+    is_prime = True
+    for j in range(2, i):
+        if i % j == 0:
+            is_prime = False
+            break
+
+    if is_prime:
+        print(f"{i} is the largest prime in [1, {n}]")
+        break
+
    +

    這個程式碼的功能是正確的，但是程式碼的可讀性不高，因為程式碼的長度太長，並且程式碼的邏輯不夠清晰。

    +

    我們可以把判斷質數的部分抽出來，並且將他包裝成一個函式:

    +
     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
+11
+12
+13
    def is_prime(x):
+    for i in range(2, x):
+        if x % i == 0:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+n = int(input())
+
+for i in range(n, 0, -1):
+    if is_prime(i):
+        print(f"{i} is the largest prime in [1, {n}]")
+        break
+
    +

    這樣的好處是，我們可以將相同的程式碼重複使用，並且可以讓程式碼更加簡潔。

    +

    那如果我想要進一步程式碼封裝成一個接受正整數 \(n\) 的函式，並且回傳 \([1, n]\) 間的最大質數呢?

    +
     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
    def is_prime(x):
+    for i in range(2, x):
+        if x % i == 0:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def largest_prime(n):
+    for i in range(n, 0, -1):
+        if is_prime(i):
+            return i
+
+
+n = int(input())
+
+print(f"{largest_prime(n)} is the largest prime in [1, {n}]")
+
    +

    不曉得你有沒有感受到，當程式碼越來越長，我們就越需要函式來幫助我們將程式碼分割成更小的部分，這樣我們就可以更容易的閱讀程式碼。

    +

    這個引子告訴我們，函式是一個可以將程式碼包裝成一個獨立的單位，並且可以重複使用的工具。

    +

    Define a Function

    +

    函式的定義是以 def 開頭，後面接著函式的名稱，以及括號內的參數(Parameter)，縮排內的程式碼就是函式的內容。

    +

    你可以選擇是否要在函式中加上 return 來回傳值，如果沒有，函式則會回傳 None。

    +

    舉個例子，定義一個函式 greet，他接受一個參數 name，並印出 Hello, {name}:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
    def greet(name):
+    print(f"Hello, {name}")
+
+
+print(greet("World"))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
    Hello, World
+None
+
    +

    greet("World") 會先印出 Hello, World，接著回傳 None。

    +

    字串 "World" 被稱為引數(Argument)，而 name 則被稱為參數(Parameter)。但也不用太拘泥。

    +

    再舉個例子，定義一個函式 freq(x) 接受一個數字字串 x ，回傳 0-9 的出現次數，以序對的方式回傳:

    +
     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
    def freq(x: str) -> tuple:
+    table = [0] * 10
+    for digit in x:
+        table[int(digit)] += 1
+
+    return tuple(table)
+
+
+a, b = "114514", "111445"
+print(freq(a) == freq(b))
+
    +
    Output
    1
    True
+
    +

    我們可以在參數後面加上 : 來指定參數的型別，並且在函式後面加上 -> 來指定回傳值的型別。

    +

    Default Argument Values

    +

    有時候我們會希望函式的參數有預設值，這樣在呼叫函式時就不需要填入引數。

    +

    例如，函式 max_of(x, k=1) 接受兩個參數 x 串列與 k 數字，回傳 x 中最大的 k 個數字，以串列的方式回傳，而 k 的預設值為 1:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
    def max_of(x: list[int], k=1):
+    return sorted(x, reverse=True)[:k]
+
+
+y = [4, 8, 5, 3, 9]
+print(max_of(y))
+print(max_of(y, 2))
+print(max_of(y, k=3))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
+3
    [9]
+[9, 8]
+[9, 8, 5]
+
    +

    再舉一個例子，函式 weight_score(math, english, programming, math_weight=0.25, english_weight=0.25, programming_weight=0.5) 接受三個參數 math, english, programming 以及三個預設值 math_weight=0.25, english_weight=0.25, programming_weight=0.5，回傳加權分數:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
    def weight_score(math, english, programming, math_weight=0.25, english_weight=0.25, programming_weight=0.5):
+    return math * math_weight + english * english_weight + programming * programming_weight
+
+
+sean_score = weight_score(80, 90, 100)
+yaris_score = weight_score(math=82, math_weight=0.3, english=90, english_weight=0.3, programming=100,
+                           programming_weight=0.4)
+print(sean_score, yaris_score)
+
    +
    Output
    1
    92.5 91.6
+
    +

    有預設值的參數必須放在沒有預設值的參數後面。但如果你在呼叫函式的時候，指定了參數的名稱，則可以不用遵守這個規則。

    +

    其實還有一些神奇的用法，但就不在這裡討論了。

    +

    Lambda Function

    +

    還記得 map 嗎? 他可以將一個函式應用到一個串列上。

    +

    先回憶一下，我們可以這樣使用 map:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
    def square(x):
+    return x ** 2
+
+
+lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+print(list(map(square, lst)))
+
+song_name = ["I", "Really", "Want", "to", "Stay", "At", "Your", "House"]
+print(list(map(len, song_name)))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
+[1, 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 5]
+
    +

    I Really Want to Stay At Your House” by Rosa Walton

    +

    這種接受函式為參數的函式被稱為高階函式(Higher-Order Function)。

    +

    但是，如果函式只會被使用一次，我們可以使用 lambda 來定義一個匿名函式:

    +
    1
+2
    lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+print(list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, lst)))
+
    +
    Output
    1
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
+
    +

    再舉個例子，用過 min 嗎? 他可以找出一個串列中的最小值，我們也可以自訂規則，例如有一個座標串列 points，我們可以這樣找出最靠近原點的點:

    +
    1
+2
    points = [(9, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8), (4, 8), (1, 3)]
+print(min(points, key=lambda x: x[0] ** 2 + x[1] ** 2))
+
    +
    Output
    1
    (1, 3)
+
    +

    再舉個例子，兩個串列 a 與 b，我們可以這樣計算兩個串列的內積:

    +
    1
+2
    a, b = [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]
+print(sum(map(lambda x, y: x * y, a, b)))
+
    +
    Output
    1
    32
+
    +

    Factory Function

    +

    有時候我們會希望函式回傳另一個函式，這樣的函式被稱為工廠函式(Factory Function)。

    +

    舉個例子，定義一個函式 make_power_fun(n) ，他接受一個數字 n，回傳一個函式，這個函式接受一個數字 x，回傳 x 的 n 次方:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
    def make_power_fun(n):
+    return lambda x: x ** n
+
+
+power_fun_2 = make_power_fun(2)
+power_fun_3 = make_power_fun(4)
+
+print(power_fun_2(3))
+print(power_fun_3(3))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
    9
+81
+
    +

    這樣的好處是，我們可以在不同的地方使用不同的 n，而不需要重複定義函式。

    +

    Nested Function

    +

    函式可以被定義在另一個函式的內部，這樣的函式被稱為巢狀函式(Nested Function)。

    +

    例如，函式 collect_anagrams(words, target) 接受一個字串串列 words 與一個字串 target，回傳 words 中與互為 target 是相同字母異序詞的串列:

    +

    於是我在函式的內部先定義了一個輔助函式(Helper Function) is_anagram(x, y)，他接受兩個字串 x 與 y，回傳 x 與 y 是否為相同字母異序詞:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
    def collect_anagrams(words, target):
+    def is_anagram(x, y):
+        return sorted(x) == sorted(y)
+
+    return [word for word in words if is_anagram(word, target)]
+
+
+strs = ["now", "won", "own", "no", "on", "www"]
+print(collect_anagrams(strs, "onw"))
+
    +
    Output
    1
    ['now', 'won', 'own']
+
    +

    這個在刷 LeeCode 時會常常用到。

    +

    Recursion

    +

    來到本章的重頭戲，遞迴(Recursion)。

    +

    遞迴是一種函式呼叫自己的技巧，這樣的函式被稱為遞迴函式(Recursive Function)。

    +

    先來個經典的例子，計算 \(n!\)，迴圈的寫法是這樣的:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
    def factorial(n):
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+
+print(factorial(0))
+print(factorial(5))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
    1
+120
+
    +

    記得高中數學課本上的定義嗎?

    +
    \[ +\text{factorial}(n) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } n = 0 \text{, base case}\\ n \times \text{factorial}(n-1) & \text{if } n > 0 \text{, recursive case}\end{cases} +\]
    +

    這樣的定義就可以直接翻譯成程式碼:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
    def factorial(n):
+    if n == 0:
+        return 1
+    else:
+        return n * factorial(n - 1)
+
+
+print(factorial(0))
+print(factorial(5))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
    1
+120
+
    +

    當 n == 0 時，我們稱為基本情況(Base Case)，這是遞迴的終止條件，當 n > 0 時，我們稱為遞迴情況(Recursive Case)，這是遞迴的執行條件。

    +

    每一個遞迴函式都應該有一個基本情況，這樣的遞迴才會終止，否則就會陷入無窮遞迴，咦?有沒有很熟悉?還記得無窮迴圈嗎?

    +

    再舉個例子，計算費氏數列的第 \(n\) 項，迴圈的寫法是這樣的:

    +
    1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
    def fibonacci(n):
+    a, b = 0, 1
+    for _ in range(n):
+        a, b = b, a + b
+    return a
+
+
+print(fibonacci(0))
+print(fibonacci(10))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
    0
+55
+
    +

    同樣的，還記得高中數學課本上的定義嗎?

    +
    \[ +\text{fibonacci}(n) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if } n = 0 \text{, base case}\\ 1 & \text{if } n = 1 \text{, base case}\\ \text{fibonacci}(n-1) + \text{fibonacci}(n-2) & \text{if } n > 1 \text{, recursive case}\end{cases} +\]
    +

    這樣的定義就可以直接翻譯成程式碼:

    +
     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
+11
    def fibonacci(n):
+    if n == 0:
+        return 0
+    elif n == 1:
+        return 1
+    else:
+        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
+
+
+print(fibonacci(0))
+print(fibonacci(10))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
    0
+55
+
    +

    但是，遞迴的效率通常比迴圈低，因為遞迴會造成大量的函式呼叫，而且容易造成大量的重複計算。

    +

    再來一個經典的例子，計算整數 a, b 的最大公因數，你可能有聽過輾轉相除法，又稱為歐幾里得演算法(Euclidean algorithm)，他的定義是這樣的:

    +
    \[ +\text{gcd}(a, b) = \begin{cases} a & \text{if } b = 0 \text{, base case}\\ \text{gcd}(b, a \mod b) & \text{if } b > 0 \text{, recursive case}\end{cases} +\]
    +

    直接寫成程式碼:

    +
     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
    def gcd(a, b):
+    if b == 0:
+        return a
+    else:
+        return gcd(b, a % b)
+
+
+print(gcd(12, 18))
+print(gcd(18, 12))
+print(gcd(4843, 1234))
+
    +
    Output
    1
+2
+3
    6
+6
+1
+
    +

    這個要寫成迭代(Iterative)版本還比較難。

    +

    關於遞迴，就先講到這裡，未來進入演算法的章節時，會再深入討論，而且會有更多的例子。

    +

    Practice

    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_MM48-易] F91

    +
    +
    +Reference code +
     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
+11
    def f91(n):
+    if n <= 100:
+        return f91(f91(n + 11))
+    elif n >= 101:
+        return n - 10
+
+
+k = int(input())
+n = list(map(int, input().split()))
+for x in n:
+    print(f91(x))
+
    +

    你仔細觀察一下，其實可以寫成這樣:

    +
     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
+11
    def f91(z): 
+    if z >= 101: 
+        return z - 10 
+    else: 
+        return 91 
+
+
+k = int(input()) 
+n = list(map(int, input().split())) 
+for x in n: 
+    print(f91(x)) 
+
    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_RU13-易] 大一點的Fibonacci

    +
    +
    +Reference code +

     1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+10
+11
+12
    MAX = 47
+fibonacci = [0] * MAX
+fibonacci[1] = 1
+
+for i in range(2, MAX):
+    fibonacci[i] = fibonacci[i - 1] + fibonacci[i - 2]
+
+while True:
+    n = int(input())
+    if n == -1:
+        break
+    print(fibonacci[n + 1])
+
    +這種寫法叫做動態規劃(Dynamic Programming)，未來會再討論，而且會很頭痛。

    +
    +

    Assignment

    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_MM103-易] 費式數列

    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_MM143-易] 求Emirp

    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_MM144-易] 求組合數C(n,r)

    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - 題目10. 輾轉相除法

    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_RU10-中] 爬樓梯

    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_RU14-易] 好高的水晶塔

    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_RU23-易] 遞迴練習2f(n)=f(n-1)+2

    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_RU24-易] 遞迴練習f(n)＝2f(n-1)/(1+2f(n-1))

    +
    +
    +

    Itsa - [C_RU25-易] 遞迴練習f(n)＝3f(n-1)+g(n-1)﹐g(n)＝-f(n-1)+g(n-1)

    +
    @@ -1318,13 +2030,13 @@

    Introduction +
    下一頁
    - C++ + Classes
    diff --git a/fundamental/python/index.html b/fundamental/python/index.html index dc1aede..e4bf90a 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -735,6 +737,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/lists/index.html b/fundamental/python/lists/index.html index 0f6d9e5..fb4fcbb 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/lists/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/lists/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -982,6 +984,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/operators/index.html b/fundamental/python/operators/index.html index 6424e95..b7cdaad 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/operators/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/operators/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -865,6 +867,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/repetition_structures/index.html b/fundamental/python/repetition_structures/index.html index 150a0b3..871a300 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/repetition_structures/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/repetition_structures/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -862,6 +864,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/say_hello/index.html b/fundamental/python/say_hello/index.html index 328c7f7..dd3e6f6 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/say_hello/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/say_hello/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -784,6 +786,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/selection_structures/index.html b/fundamental/python/selection_structures/index.html index a6d18f6..d20a099 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/selection_structures/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/selection_structures/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -835,6 +837,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/sets/index.html b/fundamental/python/sets/index.html index 3ae6b7d..536980a 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/sets/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/sets/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -895,6 +897,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/tuples/index.html b/fundamental/python/tuples/index.html index 01f320e..94dc3a3 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/tuples/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/tuples/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -904,6 +906,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/fundamental/python/variable_and_input/index.html b/fundamental/python/variable_and_input/index.html index f74bdf4..2aeefd8 100755 --- a/fundamental/python/variable_and_input/index.html +++ b/fundamental/python/variable_and_input/index.html @@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ + + @@ -817,6 +819,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index e9565ef..29cc108 100755 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -558,6 +558,8 @@ + + @@ -814,6 +816,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/license/index.html b/license/index.html index 3fcb1ad..a624cf5 100755 --- a/license/index.html +++ b/license/index.html @@ -470,6 +470,8 @@ + + @@ -726,6 +728,27 @@ + + + + + + +
  • + + + + + Classes + + + + +
    • + + + + diff --git a/search/search_index.json b/search/search_index.json index 6e8a04f..dfa3547 100755 --- a/search/search_index.json +++ b/search/search_index.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"config":{"lang":["en"],"separator":"[\\s\\u200b\\u3000\\-\u3001\u3002\uff0c\uff0e\uff1f\uff01\uff1b]+","pipeline":["stemmer"]},"docs":[{"location":"","title":"Hello LMcps Book!","text":""},{"location":"#welcome_to_lmcps","title":"Welcome to LMcps!","text":"

    \u9ece\u660e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e(LMcps)\u5275\u7acb\u65bc2018\u5e74\uff0c\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u70ba\u674e\u60e0\u6587\u8001\u5e2b\u3002

    \u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u6253\u958b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6697\u8272\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

    print(\"Hello LMcps Book!\")\nprint(\"Welcome to LMcps!\")\n
    "},{"location":"#why_does_it_start","title":"Why does it start?","text":"

    \u57282024/1/25\uff0c\u662f\u75ab\u60c5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6b77\u5c46\u793e\u54e1\u8fd4\u56de\u6bcd\u6821\u8207\u5b78\u5f1f\u59b9\u5011\u5206\u4eab\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u8001\u5e2b\u53ca\u5b78\u5f1f\u59b9\u5011\u4ea4\u6d41\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7a98\u56f0\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u96d6\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6613\u5165\u9580\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5beb\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5716\u7247\u53ca\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8b93\u5b78\u5f1f\u59b9\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u9580\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002

    "},{"location":"#content","title":"Content","text":"

    \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u61c9\u7528\u9762\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5be6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u5e36\u4f60\u6253\u7af6\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e36\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5be6\u4f5c\u8a9e\u8a00\u4ee5Python\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u5c11\u6578C++\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002

    "},{"location":"#wait_to_be_done","title":"Wait to be done","text":"
    1. \u5fc3\u5f97\u5206\u4eab\u5c08\u5340
    2. \u5c08\u696d\u7528\u8a9e
    "},{"location":"#contributors","title":"Contributors","text":""},{"location":"license/","title":"License","text":"

    MIT License

    Copyright (c) 2023 Cheung4843

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

    "},{"location":"blog/","title":"Blog","text":""},{"location":"blog/2024/02/06/hello-blog-/","title":"Hello Blog !","text":"

    Hi, this is a test post.

    For the better experience of the development, I think recording the process of the development is a good idea.

    If you are interested in the project, you can follow the blog to get the latest information about the project.

    Also, plaease contact me if you wanna join the project. I am looking forward to working with you.

    "},{"location":"fundamental/","title":"Fundamental","text":"

    \u9019\u88e1\u5c07\u6703\u6559\u4f60\u57fa\u790e\u7684Python\u8207C++\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/","title":"C++","text":"

    \u6211\u662fc++\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b46\u8005bloodnighttw\uff0c\u6211\u9810\u8a08\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u4e0b\u5217\u5e7e\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff0c\u4e26\u76e1\u91cf\u4ee5\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5beb\u51fa\u5167\u5bb9\u3002

    1. \u74b0\u5883\u67b6\u8a2d
    2. Hello world (\u57fa\u672c\u8f38\u51fa\u5165)
    3. \u578b\u614b\u3001\u8b8a\u6578\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u904b\u7b97
    4. \u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236
    5. \u8ff4\u5708
    6. \u51fd\u5f0f
    7. struct & class
    8. \u6307\u6a19\u8207\u53c3\u7167
    9. standard template libary

    \u5982\u679c\u5728\u64b0\u5beb\u4e0a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bc4\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u5230 bbeenn1227@gmail.com \u6216\u8005 emails@bntw.dev \u4f86\u505a\u8a62\u554f(\u4e0d\u904e\u8acb\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5ffd\u7565)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u66f4\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u7684discord\u8a62\u554f\u6211\u3002

    \u6b64\u9023\u7d50\u70ba\u9ece\u660e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e\u7684discord\u7fa4\u7d44\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e4b\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5tag @bloodnighttw\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u4e14\u6709\u6642\u9593\u6211\u90fd\u6703\u76e1\u91cf\u5e6b\u4f60\u56de\u7b54\u3002

    \u53e6\u5916\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u932f\u5b57\u6216\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8acb\u767cissues\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u518d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u5f8c\u9069\u6642\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u4fee\u6b63\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/","title":"0. \u74b0\u5883\u67b6\u8a2d","text":"

    \u6b63\u6240\u8b02\u5de5\u6b32\u5584\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u5fc5\u5148\u5229\u5176\u5668\uff0c\u6b64\u7ae0\u6211\u5011\u5206\u5225\u6703\u5728\u5206\u5225\u8b1b\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u5728windows\u3001macos\u4e0a\u5b89\u88dd\u76f8\u95dc\u5957\u4ef6\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u9810\u8a08\u8981\u4f7f\u7528GNU C++ Compiler\u9032\u884c\u7de8\u8b6f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528Visual studio code + clangd\u8207c++11\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u8a73\u8ff0\u5b89\u88dd\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002

    \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u50cf\u662fdev c++\u3001codeblock\u9019\u985e\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u820a\u7248\u7684dev c++\u9810\u8a2d\u6c92\u6709\u555f\u7528c++11\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5728\u8a2d\u5b9a\u88e1\u9762\u5c0b\u627e\u958b\u555f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#windows","title":"Windows","text":"

    GNU C++ Compiler (G++)\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u652f\u63f4Windows\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528wsl2\u6216\u8005\u5225\u4eba\u7528\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u7248\u672c\u9032\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5b89\u88dd\u5225\u4eba\u5beb\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u7248\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#1mingw","title":"1.\u4e0b\u8f09\u4e26\u5b89\u88ddmingw","text":"
    1. \u524d\u5f80\u9019\u500b\u9023\u7d50\u5b89\u88ddmingw
    2. \u52fe\u9078 mingw32-gcc-g++
    3. installation > apply change

    4. \u6309\u4e0bapply\u5b89\u88dd

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#2","title":"2. \u52a0\u5165\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578","text":"
    1. \u5c0b\u627e\u5b89\u88dd\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u5b89\u88dd\u5728C:\\MinGW\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u88e1\u9762\u7684bin\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\uff0c\u9ede\u9032\u53bb\u4e26\u8907\u88fd\u8def\u5f91\u3002
    2. \u641c\u5c0b\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u53bb\u7de8\u8f2f\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578\u3002

    3. \u9ede\u5165 \u9032\u968e >\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u4e26\u5728Path\u4e2d\u8cbc\u4e0a\u525b\u624d\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#3","title":"3. \u6e2c\u8a66\u6307\u4ee4","text":"

    \u958b\u555f\u63d0\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u5143\u5f8c\uff0c\u6253\u5165g++ -v\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7248\u672c\u8a0a\u606f\u4ee3\u8868\u5b89\u88dd\u6210\u529f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#macos","title":"macOS","text":"

    macos\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u63d0\u4f9bclangd\u4f5c\u70ba\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u88ddxcode\u5f8c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981GNU C++ Compiler\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#1homwbrew","title":"1.\u5b89\u88ddhomwbrew\u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5668","text":"

    \u6839\u64da\u5b98\u7db2\u7684\u6307\u793a\u5b89\u88ddhomebrew\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#2g","title":"2.\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5b89\u88ddg++\u5957\u4ef6","text":"
    1. \u5148\u4f7f\u7528brew search gcc\u641c\u5c0b\u76f8\u95dc\u5957\u4ef6
    2. \u4f7f\u7528 brew install gcc\u5b89\u88ddCompiler
    3. \u4f7f\u7528gcc-13 -v\u6216g++-13\u78ba\u8a8d\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u5b89\u88dd

    Warning

    \u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728macos\u4e0a\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684g++\u6307\u4ee4\u70baclang\u800c\u4e0d\u662fGNU C++ Compiler\uff0c\u8acb\u6539\u4f7f\u7528g++-XX \u4f86\u64cd\u4f5cg++\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#visual_studio_code","title":"Visual Studio Code","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#1_visual_studio_code","title":"1. \u5b89\u88ddVisual Studio Code","text":"

    \u524d\u5f80\u9019\u500b\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0b\u8f09\u5c6c\u65bc\u4f60\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684visual studio code\u5b89\u88dd\u6a94\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#2_extension","title":"2. \u5b89\u88dd extension","text":"
    1. \u9ede\u5165extension\u9801\u9762\u5206\u5225\u5b89\u88ddC/C++ clangd \u9019\u5169\u500bextension\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u555fvscode
    2. \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u8acb\u6309\u4e0b Disable Intellisence
    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#_1","title":"\u5176\u4ed6","text":"

    \u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u5b57\u9ad4\u975e\u7b49\u5bec\uff0c\u8acb\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u7b49\u5bec\u5b57\u9ad4\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7b49\u5bec\u5b57\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u66f4\u4f73\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/","title":"1. Hello World","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#hello_world","title":"Hello World (\u8f38\u51fa)","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_1","title":"\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65","text":"

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8acb\u5728vscode (Visual studio code)\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70bahello_world.cpp\uff0c\u4e26\u6253\u5165\u4e0b\u5217\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002 

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    cout << \"hello world!\" << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n
    \u78ba\u8a8d\u597d\u5b58\u6a94\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6309\u9375\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u6210\u529f\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u5beb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002

    \u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#hello_world_1","title":"Hello World\u7a0b\u5f0f\u89e3\u91cb","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7a0d\u5fae\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5148\u5225\u6015\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ea\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5230:

    1. \u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5f9eint main(){......}\u88e1\u9762\u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\u7684
    2. \u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6709\u500breturn 0; \u4ee3\u8868\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6210\u529f\u7d50\u675f\u3002

    \u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u884c:

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    cout << \"hello world!\" << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    \u9019\u908a\u6709\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628acout\u7576\u6210\u96fb\u8166\u87a2\u5e55\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5370\u8868\u6a5f\uff0c\u628a<<\u7576\u6210\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u7bad\u982d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u9019\u6bb5\u5b57\u50b3\u7d66\u96fb\u8166\u5370\u51fa\u3002

    \u9019\u908a\u7684endl\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u63db\u884c\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u900f\u904e<<\u50b3\u7d66\u96fb\u8166\u87a2\u5e55\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5370\u8868\u6a5f\u3002

    \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u5beb\u6cd5

    \u9019\u908a\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u63db\u884c\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u719f\u6089\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u505a\u8aaa\u660e\u3002

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    cout << \"hello world!\\n\";\n    return 0;\n}\n
    \\n\u70ba\u63db\u884c\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u5728\u5b57\u5143\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5b57\u5143\u6703\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u6703\u4ee5\\\u958b\u982d\uff0c\u9023\u7d50\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u8df3\u812b\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u7d30\u5fc3\u5982\u4f60\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u53c8\u8981\u63d0\u554f\u4e86\uff0c\u5206\u865f;\u53c8\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f

    \u5206\u865f;\u662f\u544a\u8a34\u96fb\u8166\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u8ddf\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u6216\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u5206\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u9023\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u9019\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u3002

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    cout << \"hello world!\\n\"; cout << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    Danger

    \u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u5efa\u8b70\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u719f\u7df4\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6392\u7248\uff0c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8b80\u8d77\u4f86\u6703\u975e\u5e38\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u521d\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u5bb9\u6613\u8aa4\u89e3\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_2","title":"\u52a0\u5165\u8b8a\u6578 (\u8f38\u5165)","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_3","title":"\u8b80\u53d6\u5b57\u4e32","text":"
    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    string str;\n    cin >> str;\n    cout << str << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    \u6309\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6253\u5165\u96a8\u4fbf\u4e00\u4e32\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u6309\u4e0benter\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4f60\u6253\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u88ab\u5370\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_4","title":"\u8b80\u53d6\u6578\u5b57","text":"

    \u5047\u5982\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5247\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6539\u6210\u9019\u6a23:

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int temp;\n    cin >> temp;\n    cout << temp << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    \u6309\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6253\u5165\u96a8\u4fbf\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u6309\u4e0benter\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4f60\u6253\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u6578\u5b57\u88ab\u5370\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

    Info

    \u5982\u679c\u4eca\u5929\u6253\u5165\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u8ddf\u6253\u5165\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6ea2\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8ac7\u5230\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_5","title":"\u8f38\u5165\u7a0b\u5f0f\u89e3\u91cb","text":"

    \u6b63\u5982cout\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628acin\u7576\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u9375\u76e4\uff0c\u900f\u904e>>\u544a\u8a34\u96fb\u8166\u5f9e\u9375\u76e4\u8f38\u5165\u81f3\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u3002

    \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8aa4\u5340

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5beb\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a 

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int temp1,temp2;\n    cin << temp1 << temp2;\n    cout << temp1 << \"!=\" << temp2 << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    \u6b64\u6642\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u7121\u6cd5\u7de8\u8b6f\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4f60\u7684cin\u7684<<\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u662f>>\u624d\u5c0d \u3002

    \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a

    1. cout\u7684<< \u65b9\u5411\u932f\u8aa4 
      #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int temp1,temp2;\n    cin >> temp1 >> temp2;\n    cout >> temp1 >> temp2;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    2. cout\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u932f\u8aa4 

      #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    \"error\" >> cout;\n    return 0;\n}\n
      cout \u53ea\u80fd\u653e\u5728\u5de6\u908a\u554a\u3002

    3. cin\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u932f\u8aa4 

      #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int a;\n    a << cin;\n    return 0;\n}\n
      \u539f\u56e0\u540c\u4e0a\uff0ccin\u53ea\u80fd\u653e\u5728\u5de6\u908a\u554a\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_6","title":"\u9023\u7e8c\u8b80\u53d6\u6578\u5b57/\u5b57\u4e32","text":"

    \u5047\u5982\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5247\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6539\u6210\u9019\u6a23\u3002

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int temp1;\n    string temp2;\n    cin >> temp1 >> temp2;\n    cout << temp1 << \"!=\" << temp2 << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n
    input
    1234 4321\n
    output
    1234!=4321\n

    \u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0ccin\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u8005\u63db\u884c\u4f86\u5206\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u8b80\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u4e0b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_7","title":"\u8b80\u53d6\u4e00\u884c","text":"

    \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dtemp2\u8acb\u6539\u6210\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    string temp2;\n    getline(cin,temp2);\n    cout << temp2 << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5b78\u5230\u4e86:

    Info

    1. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 cout\u8207cin
    2. \u63a5\u89f8\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002

    \u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u4e86\u3002

    ZeroJudge - a001. \u54c8\u56c9

    Reference code 
    #include <iostream>\n\nint main(){\n    string word;\n    cin >> word;\n    cout << \"hello, \" << word << endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/","title":"Python","text":"

    \u55e8\uff0c\u6211\u662f @cheung4843\uff0c\u662fPython\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u57fa\u790e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6703\u6559\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u8a73\u7d30\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u5c07\u6703\u4ee5\u9ec3\u8272\u8207\u7da0\u8272\u6a19\u793a\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u7a0d\u5fae\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e5f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u7ae0\u7bc0\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u3002

    \u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u7bc0\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u7b46\u8a18\u5340\u4ee5\u53ca\u554f\u984c\u5340\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u554f\u984c\u5340\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u597d\u597d\u601d\u8003\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u5f8c\u90fd\u6703\u653e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7df4\u7fd2\u984c\uff0c\u8acb\u5617\u8a66\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u5011!

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/","title":"Dictionaries","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u672c\u4e3b\u984c\u4e2d\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\uff1a\u5b57\u5178(Dictionaries)\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u9375(Key)\u548c\u503c(Value)\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d93\u7531\u9375\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u503c\uff0c\u9375\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684(immutable)\uff0c\u800c\u503c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u578b\u614b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002

    Question

    1. \u5e8f\u5c0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70ba\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u9375\u55ce?
    2. \u4e32\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70ba\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u9375\u55ce?
    3. \u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70ba\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u503c\u55ce?

    \u7559\u7d66\u4f60\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u99ac\u4e0a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#create_a_dictionary","title":"Create a Dictionary","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528{}\u3001dict() \u6216\u8005 Comprehension \u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5178\u3002

    scores = {\"Compiler\": 100, \"AWS\": 95, \"Data Science\": 92}\nprint(scores)\n\n# when keys are strings, using keyword arguments\ndirections = dict(North=\"\u2191\", South=\"\u2193\", East=\"\u2192\", West=\"\u2190\")\nprint(directions)\n\ncapital = dict([(\"Taiwan\", \"Taipei\"), (\"Japan\", \"Tokyo\"), (\"Korea\", \"Seoul\")])\nprint(capital)\n\n# comprehension\ncube = {x: x ** 3 for x in range(-2, 3)}\nprint(cube)\n
    Output
    {'Compiler': 100, 'AWS': 95, 'Data Science': 92}\n{'North': '\u2191', 'South': '\u2193', 'East': '\u2192', 'West': '\u2190'}\n{'Taiwan': 'Taipei', 'Japan': 'Tokyo', 'Korea': 'Seoul'}\n{-2: -8, -1: -1, 0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 8}\n

    \u90a3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8aaa\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5462?\u4f60\u591a\u57f7\u884c\u5e7e\u6b21\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u8207\u4f60\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u55ce?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#operations","title":"Operations","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#accessing_and_modifying_elements","title":"Accessing and Modifying elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9375\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9375\u4f86\u4fee\u6539\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9375\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u5f97\u5230 KeyError\u3002

    recent_listening = {\"King Gnu\": \"\u98db\u884c\u8247\"}\nprint(recent_listening[\"King Gnu\"])\n\nrecent_listening[\"King Gnu\"] = \"SPECIALZ\"\nprint(recent_listening[\"King Gnu\"])\n\nrecent_listening[\"HEALTH\"] = \"Blue Monday\"\nprint(recent_listening[\"HEALTH\"])\n\nprint(recent_listening[\"ALI\"])\n
    Output
    \u98db\u884c\u8247\nSPECIALZ\nBlue Monday\nKeyError: 'ALI'\n

    King Gnu - \u98db\u884c\u8247

    Blue Monday

    \u90a3\u9ebc\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u6aa2\u67e5\u9375\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5462?\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 in \u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u932f\u8aa4\u3002

    recent_listening = {\"King Gnu\": \"\u98db\u884c\u8247\"}\n\nprint(\"King Gnu\" in recent_listening)\nprint(\"ALI\" in recent_listening)\n
    Output
    True\nFalse\n

    Question

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\) \u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5e7e\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u9375\u5b58\u5728?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#removing_elements","title":"Removing elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 del \u4f86\u522a\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u9019\u9663\u5b50\u90fd\u4e0d\u5beb Java \u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a Java \u5f9e\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u522a\u9664\u3002

    my_love = {\"python\": 100, \"Java\": 70, \"Js\": 60}\nprint(my_love)\n\ndel my_love[\"Java\"]\nprint(my_love)\n
    Output
    {'python': 100, 'Java': 70, 'Js': 60}\n{'python': 100, 'Js': 60}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#iterating","title":"Iterating","text":"

    \u76f4\u63a5\u4f86\u770b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5427\u3002

    my_love = {\"python\": 100, \"Java\": 70, \"Js\": 60}\n\nfor key in my_love:\n    print(key, my_love[key])\n
    Output
    python 100\nJava 70\nJs 60\n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u9375\u6216\u8005\u503c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 keys() \u6216\u8005 values()\u3002

    my_love = {\"python\": 100, \"Java\": 70, \"Js\": 60}\n\nfor key in my_love.keys():\n    print(key)\n\nprint(my_love.keys())\n\nfor value in my_love.values():\n    print(value)\n\nprint(list(my_love.values()))\n
    Output
    python\nJava\nJs\ndict_keys(['python', 'Java', 'Js'])\n100\n70\n60\n[100, 70, 60]\n

    \u90a3\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u540c\u6642\u53d6\u5f97\u9375\u548c\u503c\u5462?\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 items()\u3002

    my_cat = {\"name\": \"Fat Orange\", \"age\": 12, \"is_cute\": True}\n\nfor key, value in my_cat.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n
    Output
    name: Fat Orange\nage: 12\nis_cute: True\n

    \u6211\u611b\u6211\u7684\u6a58\u8c93\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#methods","title":"Methods","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#get","title":"get","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 get() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9375\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\uff0c\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5594\u3002

    my_info = {'name': 'Sean', 'age': 20, 'hobbies': ['coding', 'working out']}\nprint(my_info['name'])\nprint(my_info.get('hobbies')[1])\n\n# print(my_info['is_handsome']) # This will cause an error\nprint(my_info.get('is_handsome', 'Of course I am!'))\n
    Output
    Sean\nworking out\nOf course I am!\n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u89ba\u5f97\u6211\u81ea\u6200\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#pop","title":"pop","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 pop() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u522a\u9664\u8a72\u9375\u503c\u5c0d\u3002

    my_info = {'name': 'Sean', 'age': 20, 'hobbies': ['coding', 'working out']}\nprint(my_info.pop('age'))\nprint(my_info)\n
    Output
    20\n{'name': 'Sean', 'hobbies': ['coding', 'working out']}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#clear","title":"clear","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 clear() \u4f86\u6e05\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u3002

    my_info = {'name': 'Sean', 'age': 20, 'hobbies': ['coding', 'working out']}\nmy_info.clear()\nprint(my_info)\n
    Output
    {}\n

    umm... \u518d\u904e\u4e0d\u4e45\u6211\u5c31\u8981 21 \u6b72\u4e86\u3002

    \u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u5920\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u67e5 Docs \u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u56c9~

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_ST19-\u6613] \u6642\u9593\u8f49\u63db

    Reference code 

    n = int(input())\n\ntime_diff = {\"TW\": 0, \"JA\": 60, \"USE\": -720, \"USC\": -780, \"USW\": -840, \"UK\": -480}\n\nfor _ in range(n):\n    time, cur, to = input().split()\n    minutes = int(time[:2]) * 60 + int(time[3:])\n    minutes += time_diff[to] - time_diff[cur]\n\n    if minutes < 0:\n        minutes += 1440\n    minutes %= 1440\n\n    h, m = divmod(minutes, 60)\n    print(f\"{h:02d}{m:02d} {to}\")\n
    \u4e00\u5f8b\u5148\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u518d\u9032\u884c\u6642\u5340\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5c0f\u6642\u548c\u5206\u9418\u3002

    divmod \u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u5546\u8207\u9918\u6578\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_AR111-\u6613] \u5c0d\u8a71\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba

    Itsa - [C_AR152-\u6613] \u6b63\u6574\u6578\u7d71\u8a08

    Tip

    sorted() and key

    Itsa - [C_AR42-\u6613] \u904e\u534a\u5143\u7d20

    Itsa - [C_AR188-\u6613] \u9663\u5217\u5143\u7d20

    Tip

    \u9664\u4e86\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u4f86\u89e3\u984c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b78 Boyer\u2013Moore majority vote algorithm

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/","title":"Functions","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/","title":"Lists","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u5f88\u591a\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\u3002

    \u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39 List(\u4e32\u5217)\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5132\u5b58\u5f88\u591a\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u6578\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u4e32\u3001\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#create_a_list","title":"Create a list","text":"

    \u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b List\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f []\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u9593\u7528\u9017\u865f , \u9694\u958b\u3002

    \u4f86\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e09\u500b List\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u5132\u5b58\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u90fd\u5132\u5b58\u5b57\u4e32\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5247\u653e\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nprint(numbers)\n\nwhat_i_learned = [\"C\", \"C++\", \"Python\", \"Java\", \"C#\", \"JavaScript\", \"TypeScript\"]\nprint(what_i_learned)\n\nstudent_info = [\"Sean\", 20, \"Computer Science\", 4.0, True, \"aLIEz\"]\nprint(student_info)\n\nprint(type(numbers), type(what_i_learned), type(student_info))\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n['C', 'C++', 'Python', 'Java', 'C#', 'JavaScript', 'TypeScript']\n['Sean', 20, 'Computer Science', 4.0, True, 'aLIEz']\n<class 'list'> <class 'list'> <class 'list'>\n

    Sawano Hiroyuki - aLIEz Aldnoah.Zero Full Lyrics

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5b78\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u807d\u904e Array(\u9663\u5217)\uff0cList \u5c31\u662f Python \u4e2d\u7684 Array\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u66f4\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba List \u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u5e38 Array \u53ea\u80fd\u5132\u5b58\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\u3002

    \u4f46 Python \u4e5f\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300c\u9663\u5217\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5148\u4e0d\u63d0\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u500b\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    \u984c\u5916\u8a71\uff0c\u7576\u521d\u5f9e C, C++, Java \u8f49\u5230 Python \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u771f\u5fc3\u89ba\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u96a8\u4fbf\uff0c\u9023\u578b\u614b\u90fd\u4e0d\u7528\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u89ba\u5f97\u771f\u9999\u3002

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u9084\u8a18\u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u63d0\u5230 range \u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: range(5) \u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e \\(0\\) \u5230 \\(4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6578\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    list(range(5)) \u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07 range \u7269\u4ef6\u8f49\u63db\u6210 List\u3002

    x = range(5)\nprint(type(x))\nnumbers = list(x)\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    <class 'range'>\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n

    \u90a3\u80fd\u5426\u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u8f49\u63db\u6210 List \u5462? \u7576\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5!

    x = \"Signals\"\nprint(type(x))\nwords = list(x)\nprint(words)\n
    ouput
    <class 'str'>\n['S', 'i', 'g', 'n', 'a', 'l', 's']\n

    Lazer Boomerang - Signals (Official Audio)

    \u518d\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f \\(0\\) \u7684\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    n = 5\nzeros = [0] * n\nprint(zeros)\n
    ouput
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n

    \u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u5408\u4f75\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u5462?

    a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [4, 5, 6]\nc = a + b\nprint(c)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n

    \u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 extend \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u5230\u3002

    \u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u80fd\u8b93\u4f60\u6293\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8207\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u66f4\u719f\u6089 List\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#operations","title":"Operations","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#accessing_elements","title":"Accessing elements","text":"

    \u8981\u5b58\u53d6 List \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f []\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u5f9e \\(0\\) \u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8ca0\u6578\uff0c\u8ca0\u6578\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u662f\u5f9e\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u958b\u59cb\u7b97\u8d77\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\n# First element\nprint(numbers[0])\n# Last element\nprint(numbers[-1])\nprint(numbers[4])\n
    ouput
    1\n5\n5\n

    \u8b93\u6211\u5011\u914d\u5408\u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u5370\u51fa\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nfor i in range(len(numbers)):\n    print(numbers[i], end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 5\n

    len \u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u500b\u6578\u3002

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u9084\u8a18\u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97 Repetiton Structures - Foreach \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u5370\u51fa\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    print(number, end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 5\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#slicing","title":"Slicing","text":"

    \u5207\u7247(Slicing)\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n\nprint(numbers[0:4])\nprint(numbers[:4])\nprint(numbers[:-2])\nprint(numbers[1:3])\nprint(numbers[:6:2])\nprint(numbers[::-1])\nprint(numbers[:])\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[2, 3]\n[1, 3, 5]\n[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-31 21:56

    \u4f60\u5f88\u8070\u660e\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u7528\u6cd5\u8207 range \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u3001\u7d50\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u3001\u9593\u9694\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5beb\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u5206\u5225\u662f \\(0\\)\u3001\u4e32\u5217\u9577\u5ea6\u3001\\(1\\)\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#modifying_elements","title":"Modifying elements","text":"

    \u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f []\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u3002

    music_info = [\"Time_To_Pretend\", \"Lazer Boomerang\", \" 2019/4/26\", 1, False]\nmusic_info[0] = \"Time To Pretend\"\nmusic_info[3] = 2\nmusic_info[-1] = True\nprint(music_info)\n
    ouput
    ['Time To Pretend', 'Lazer Boomerang', ' 2019/4/26', 2, True]\n

    Lazer Boomerang - Time To Pretend (Official Audio)

    \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba \u53ef\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684(mutable)\uff0c\u800c\u5b57\u4e32\u5247\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba \u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684(immutable)\u3002

    sad_cat = \"\ud83d\ude3f\"\nsad_cat[0] = \"\ud83d\ude38\"\n
    ouput
    TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#checking_elements","title":"Checking elements","text":"

    \u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u67d0\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 in \u9019\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nprint(1 in numbers)\nprint(6 not in numbers)\n
    ouput
    True\nTrue\n

    Question

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\) \u7684\u7121\u5e8f\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u58de\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u591a\u5c11\u6b21?

    \u7b54\u6848\u662f \\(n\\) \u6b21\u5594\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u6216\u662f\u627e\u5b8c\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684 6\u3002

    \u5728\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5(Algorithm)\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6703\u63d0\u5230\u6642\u9593\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6(Time Complexity)\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u5148\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u597d\u4e86~

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#methods","title":"Methods","text":"

    \u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#append","title":"append","text":"

    append \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u9762\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers.append(6)\nprint(numbers)\nnumbers.append([7, 8, 9])\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, [7, 8, 9]]\n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b append \u6c92\u6709\u5687\u5230\u4f60\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u628a 7\u30018\u30019 \u9019\u4e09\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u5230\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 extend \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#extend","title":"extend","text":"

    extend \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u9762\u65b0\u589e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers.extend([6, 7, 8])\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#pop","title":"pop","text":"

    pop \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"durian\", \"elderberry\"]\nprint(fruits.pop())\nprint(fruits)\nprint(fruits.pop(1))\nprint(fruits)\n
    ouput
    elderberry\n['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'durian']\nbanana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'durian']\n

    \u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 pop \u4f86\u79fb\u9664\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u8d85\u51fa\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u4f86\u79fb\u9664\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5efa\u8b70\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#clear","title":"clear","text":"

    clear \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    []\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#reverse","title":"reverse","text":"

    reverse \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u8f49\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#sort","title":"sort","text":"

    sort \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u5e8f\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u662f\u7531\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7531\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a reverse=True\u3002

    numbers = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n

    \u751a\u81f3\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a key\uff0c\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: key=len\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5143\u7d20 x \u7684 len(x) \u4f86\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"watermelon\", \"pineapple\"]\nfruits.sort(key=len)\nprint(fruits)\n
    ouput
    ['apple', 'banana', 'pineapple', 'watermelon']\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#copy","title":"copy","text":"

    copy \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u6dfa\u8907\u88fd(Shallow Copy)\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers_copy = numbers.copy()\nprint(numbers_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n\nprint(\"After changing numbers[1]\")\n\nnumbers[1] = 10\nprint(numbers_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nAfter changing numbers[1]\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n[1, 10, 3, 4, 5]\n

    \u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u9084\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u6dfa\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4e86 numbers \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0cnumbers_copy \u4e0d\u6703\u8ddf\u8457\u6539\u8b8a\u3002

    numbers = [1, [2, 3], 4, 5]\nnumbers_copy = numbers.copy()\nprint(numbers_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n\nprint(\"After changing numbers[1]\")\n\nnumbers[1][0] = 6\nprint(numbers_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, [2, 3], 4, 5]\n[1, [2, 3], 4, 5]\nAfter changing numbers[1]\n[1, [6, 3], 4, 5]\n[1, [6, 3], 4, 5]\n

    \u90a3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53c8\u662f\u6df1\u8907\u88fd(Deep Copy)\u5462? \u9019\u500b\u5c31\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u5230\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08(Object-Oriented Programming)\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u6316\u5751\u7684\u3002

    \u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 Python Documentation - List\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u6703\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8981\u990a\u6210\u770b\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#list_comprehension","title":"List Comprehension","text":"

    \u4e32\u5217\u7d9c\u5408\u904b\u7b97(List comprehension)\u8b93\u4f60\u7528\u4e00\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u51fa\u64c1\u6709\u67d0\u9805\u6027\u8cea\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    \u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 a\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d b[i] = a[i] ** 2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f b \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d\u61c9 a \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c:

    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nb = []\n\nfor num in a:\n    b.append(num ** 2)\n\nprint(b)\n
    ouput
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e32\u5217\u7d9c\u5408\u904b\u7b97:

    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nb = [num ** 2 for num in a]\n\nprint(b)\n
    ouput
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]\n

    \u975e\u5e38\u5730\u512a\u96c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 a\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d b \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f a \u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u6578\u3002

    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nb = [num for num in a if num % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(b)\n
    ouput
    [2, 4]\n

    \u9084\u8a18\u5f97 Operators - Bonus: map for input \u63d0\u5230\u7684 map \u55ce?

    \u5148\u4f86\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0cmap \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u5957\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b map \u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 list \u5c07 map \u7269\u4ef6\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    a = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\", \"4\", \"5\"]\nb = map(int, a)\nprint(type(b))\n\nc = list(b)\nprint(c)\n
    ouput
    <class 'map'>\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n

    @EditTime : 2024-02-01 23:21

    \u90a3\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e32\u5217\u7d9c\u5408\u904b\u7b97\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u5462?

    a = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\", \"4\", \"5\"]\nb = [int(num) for num in a]\nprint(b)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n

    \u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002

    \u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u5beb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5927\u5beb\u3002

    lowercase = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\nuppercase = [letter.upper() for letter in lowercase]\nprint(uppercase)\n
    ouput
    ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']\n

    \u6ce8\u610f\u56c9\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u7528\u5230\u7684\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5594\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#nested_lists","title":"Nested Lists","text":"

    \u5de2\u72c0\u4e32\u5217(Nested Lists)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u662f\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#2d","title":"2D","text":"

    \u5148\u4f86\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u904e\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e8c\u7dad\u9663\u5217(2D Array)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de2\u72c0\u4e32\u5217\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e8c\u7dad\u9663\u5217\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5169\u500b \\(3 \\times 3\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7dad\u9663\u5217\uff0c\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u77e9\u9663\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002

    matrix_1 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]\nmatrix_2 = [[9, 8, 7], [6, 5, 4], [3, 2, 1]]\n\nmatrix_3 = [[0 for i in range(3)] for j in range(3)]\n\nfor i in range(3):\n    for j in range(3):\n        matrix_3[i][j] = matrix_1[i][j] + matrix_2[i][j]\n\nprint(matrix_3)\n
    ouput
    [[10, 10, 10], [10, 10, 10], [10, 10, 10]]\n

    \u6211\u5e0c\u671b matrix_3 \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6c92\u6709\u5687\u5230\u4f60\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u628a [0 for i in range(3)] \u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4 E\uff0c\u518d\u628a [E for j in range(3)] \u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u4e86\uff0ci, j \u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u8a08\u6578\u7528\u7684\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u5b83\u5011\u5687\u5230\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#jagged","title":"Jagged","text":"

    \u92f8\u9f52\u72c0\u4e32\u5217(Jagged Lists)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u5de2\u72c0\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002

    \u984c\u5916\u8a71\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u5b78 C \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6307\u6a19\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u8d77\u4f86\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\u3002

    jagged = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9]]\n\nfor row in jagged:\n    for elem in row:\n        print(elem, end=' ')\n    print()\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 \n4 5 \n6 7 8 9 \n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u500b\u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6703\u5687\u5230\u4f60\uff0crow \u662f jagged \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\uff0celem \u662f row \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\u3002

    Python \u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u9748\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8981\u5f88\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u4ed6\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5bb9\u6613\u6703\u5beb\u51fa\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u96d9\u9762\u5203\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u591a\u591a\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM33-\u6613] \u627e1~N\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578

    Reference code 

    table = []\nfor i in range(6, 2 ** 13, 2):\n    s = 0\n    for j in range(1, i):\n        if i % j == 0:\n            s += j\n    if s == i:\n        table.append(i)\n\nwhile True:\n    N = int(input())\n    print(' '.join([str(x) for x in table if x <= N]))\n
    \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 table\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u653e\u4e86 \\(6\\) \u5230 \\(2^{13}\\) \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578 \\(N\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa \\(1\\) \u5230 \\(N\\) \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578\u3002

    \u90a3\u9ebc \\(2^{13}\\) \u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684?\u311c\uff0c\u6211\u5237\u5f8c\u53f0\u6e2c\u8cc7\u63a8\u6572\u4f86\u7684\u3002

    join \u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5b57\u4e32\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u4e32 ' ' \u4f86\u9023\u63a5\u3002

    \u9019\u7a2e\u6280\u5de7\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5efa\u8868\u300d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578\u5f88\u758f\u6563\uff0c\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u5b8c\u8868\u5f8c\u76f4\u63a5\u5beb\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5c31\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002

    table = [6, 28, 496, 8128]\n\nN = int(input())\nprint(' '.join(str(x) for x in table if x <= N))\n

    \u5982\u679c\u5c31\u55ae\u7d14\u89e3\u984c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002

    \u6b63\u898f\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u90fd\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u6e2c\u8cc7\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0a\u5927\u5b78\u5f8c\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u592a\u9748\u5149\u7684\u52a9\u6559\u6c92\u6709\u6a19\u6e2c\u8cc7\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u8a18\u5f97\u96fb\u6b7b\u4ed6\u5011\u3002

    Itsa - [C_MM44-\u6613] The Numbers

    Reference code 
    N, M = input().split()\n\ncnt = 0\nfor i in range(0, 6):\n    if M[i] == N[0] and M[i + 1] == N[1]:\n        cnt += 1\n\nprint(cnt)\n

    \u5b57\u4e32\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u662f\u4e32\u5217\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR01-\u6613] \u4e00\u7dad\u9663\u5217\u53cd\u8f49 I

    Reference code 
    arr = input().split()\nprint(' '.join(arr[::-1]))\n

    arr.reverse() \u4e5f\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u539f\u672c\u7684\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u6539\u8b8a\u539f\u672c\u7684\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 arr[::-1]\u3002

    arr = input().split()\narr.reverse()\nprint(' '.join(arr))\n

    Itsa - [C_AR03-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u9663\u5217\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7acb\u65b9\u548c

    Reference code 
    arr = map(int, input().split())\nans = 0\n\nfor num in arr:\n    ans += num ** 3\n\nprint(ans)\n

    \u6211\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u628a map \u7269\u4ef6\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 map \u7269\u4ef6\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    \u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u89e3: 

    print(sum(int(x) ** 3 for x in input().split()))\n

    \u53c3\u8003\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR09-\u6613] \u5169\u6578\u5dee\u503c

    Reference code 
    arr1 = list(map(int, input().split(',')))\narr1.sort()\narr2 = arr1.copy()\narr2.sort(reverse=True)\n\nmax_num,min_num  = 0, 0\nfor i in range(len(arr1) - 1, -1, -1):\n    # convert list to number\n    max_num = max_num * 10 + arr1[i]\n    min_num = min_num * 10 + arr2[i]\n\nprint(max_num - min_num)\n

    \u4e0d\u61c2\u6392\u5e8f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6211\u6703\u6559\u4f60\u539f\u7406\u3002

    \u800c\u9019\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u4e32\u5217\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u5f9e\u500b\u4f4d\u6578\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e58 \\(10\\)\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR022-\u6613] \u5b57\u6bcd\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u983b\u7387

    Reference code 
    string = input()\n\nfreq = [0] * 26\n\nfor c in string:\n    if c.isalpha():\n        freq[ord(c.lower()) - ord('a')] += 1\n\nprint(' '.join(str(x) for x in freq))\n

    \u9019\u984c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u5148\u5099\u77e5\u8b58\uff0cASCII \u78bc\uff0cord \u51fd\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u5b57\u5143\u7684 ASCII \u78bc\u3002

    \u518d\u5229\u7528 isalpha \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u5b57\u5143\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca lower \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u5c07\u5b57\u6bcd\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5c0f\u5beb\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5b57\u6bcd\u6620\u5c04\u5230 0 \u5230 25 \u4e4b\u9593\u3002

    \u95dc\u65bc\u5b57\u4e32\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u6703\u518d\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR025-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97ASCII\u5b57\u5143

    Reference code 
    string = input()\n\nfreq = [0] * 128\n\n\nfor i in range(len(string)):\n    freq[ord(string[i])] += 1\n\nfor i in range(len(freq) - 1, -1, -1):\n    if freq[i] > 0:\n        print(f'{i} {freq[i]}')\n

    \u9019\u984c\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u984c\u5f88\u50cf\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR029-\u96e3] \u6587\u5b57\u7de8\u78bc

    Reference code 
    plain_text = input()\n\nN = len(plain_text)\nM = 1\nwhile M * M < N:\n    M += 1\n\narr = [[' ' for _ in range(M)] for _ in range(M)]\n\nfor i in range(N):\n    arr[i // M][i % M] = plain_text[i]\n\ncipher_text = []\nfor i in range(M):\n    for j in range(M):\n        cipher_text.append(arr[j][i])\n\nprint(''.join(cipher_text))\n

    \u77e9\u9663\u8f49\u7f6e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 arr[j][i] \u8b8a\u6210 arr[i][j]\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM42-\u4e2d] \u6c42(-1)^(n+1)x[1/(2n-1)]\u7684\u548c

    Itsa - [C_AR02-\u6613] \u4e00\u7dad\u9663\u5217\u53cd\u8f49 II

    Itsa - [C_AR10-\u4e2d] \u65b0\u901a\u8a71\u8cbb\u7387

    Itsa - [C_AR021-\u6613] \u6210\u7e3e\u7d71\u8a08

    Itsa - [C_AR023-\u6613] \u5b57\u6839\u8207\u5b50\u5b57\u4e32

    Itsa - [C_AR031-\u4e2d] \u4e00\u7dad\u77e9\u9663\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u7dad\u5e73\u9762\u7a7a\u9593

    Itsa - [C_AR33-\u6613] \u8f49\u7f6e\u77e9\u9663

    Itsa - [C_AR34-\u6613] \u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u9a57\u8b49\u5668

    Itsa - [C_AR35-\u6613] \u751f\u8096\u554f\u984c

    Itsa - [C_AR41-\u6613] \u4e00\u6574\u6578\u5e8f\u5217\u6240\u542b\u4e4b\u6574\u6578\u500b\u6578\u53ca\u5e73\u5747\u503c

    Itsa - [C_AR46-\u6613] \u9663\u5217\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\u554f\u984c

    Itsa - [C_AR48-\u6613] \u6578\u5b57\u52a0\u5bc6

    @EditTime : 2024-02-03 21:30

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/","title":"Operators","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8b8a\u6578\u505a\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u52a0\u6cd5\u3001\u6e1b\u6cd5\u3001\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u7b49\u7b49\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#arithmetic_operators","title":"Arithmetic Operators","text":"

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u7b97\u8853\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u719f\u6089\u7684\u56db\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5c31\u662f\u7b97\u8853\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u5225\u662f +\u3001-\u3001*\u3001/\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868\u52a0\u6cd5\u3001\u6e1b\u6cd5\u3001\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u3002

    x, y = 10, 3\nprint(x + y)\nprint(x - y)\nprint(x * y)\nprint(x / y)\nz = x // y\nprint(z)\nprint(type(z))\nprint(x % y)\nprint(x ** y)\n
    ouput
    13\n7\n30\n3.3333333333333335\n3\n<class 'int'>\n1\n1000\n

    \u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u770b\u5b8c\u8f38\u51fa\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5927\u81f4\u660e\u77ad\u5404\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u60f3\u8acb\u4f60\u7559\u610f * \u4e58\u6cd5\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u6253\u6210 x\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca / \u8207 // \u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u6703\u5c07\u7d50\u679c\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\u3002\u9084\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u7279\u5225\u7684 % \uff0c\u7559\u610f\u5230 10 = 3 * 3 + 1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d6\u9918\u6578\uff1b\u800c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6700\u5947\u7279\u7684 ** \uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6c42\u51aa\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u570b\u5c0f\u6578\u5b78: 

    # Upper case for constant\nPI = 3.14\nr = 2\narea = PI * (r ** 2)\nperimeter = 2 * PI * r\nprint(f'Area: {area}, Perimeter: {perimeter}')\n\n# Sum of 1 to 100\ntotal = (1 + 100) * 100 // 2\nprint(f'The sum of 1 to 100 is {total}')\n

    ouput
    Area: 12.56, Perimeter: 12.56\nThe sum of 1 to 100 is 5050\n

    \u9019\u908a\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8acb\u5584\u7528\u62ec\u865f\u3002

    x = 'A' + 'n' + 'i' + 'm' + 'a' + 'l' + 's'\nprint(x)\n
    ouput
    Animals\n

    Martin Garrix - Animals (Official Video)

    \u518d\u8acb\u4f60\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u5225\u5c0d\u65bc\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b57\u4e32\u7684 + \u6703\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u6578\u7684 + \u5247\u6703\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u6574\u6578\u76f8\u52a0\u3002

    Question

    1. 2 ** 3 ** 2 \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u591a\u5c11?
    2. 2 ** (3 ** 2) \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u591a\u5c11?
    3. (2 ** 3) ** 2 \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u591a\u5c11?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#comparison_operators","title":"Comparison Operators","text":"

    \u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u662f True \u6216 False\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u4f86\u4ee5\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u4f86\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002

    a, b, c = 3, 4, 5\n\nprint(a < b)\nprint(a > b)\nprint(a <= b)\nprint(a >= b)\nprint(a ** 2 + b ** 2 == c ** 2)\nprint(a ** 2 + b ** 2 != c ** 2)\nprint((a + b) > c)\n
    ouput
    False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n

    \u9019\u908a\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff0c == \u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u800c = \u662f\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002

    \u6700\u5f8c\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50: 

    age = 14\nprint(12 <= age <= 18)\n\nx, y, z = 1, 2, 3\nprint(x < y < z)\nprint(x < y and y < z)\n

    ouput
    True\nTrue\nTrue\n

    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u66f4\u7c21\u6f54\u3002

    Question

    1. print(1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < 5) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    2. print(1 < 2 < 3 < 4 > 5) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#logical_operators","title":"Logical Operators","text":"

    \u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f80\u4e0b\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u908f\u8f2f\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u591a\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u7d50\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u3002

    has_license = True\nis_drunk = False\nage = 18\n\nprint(f\"Can I drive a car? {has_license and not is_drunk and age >= 18}\")\nprint(not has_license)\nprint(not is_drunk)\nprint(age >= 18 or is_drunk or not has_license)\n
    ouput
    Can I drive a car? True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n

    \u9019\u908a\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u7684\u662f\uff0c and \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u90fd\u662f True \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u624d\u6703\u662f True\uff0c\u800c or \u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u662f True\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u6703\u662f True\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u77ed\u8def\u6c42\u503c(Short-circuit Evaluation)\uff0c\u7576 and \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u662f False\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d50\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f False\uff1b\u800c or \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u662f True\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d50\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f True\u3002

    \u800c not \u662f\u4e00\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u6703\u5c07\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u53cd\u8f49\u3002

    Question

    1. print(not True and False) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    2. print(not True or False) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    3. print(not True and not False) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    4. print(not True or not False) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#bitwise_operators","title":"Bitwise Operators","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u4f4d\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5c0d\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 bin() \u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002

    a, b = 2, 3\nprint(f\"a={bin(a)}\")\nprint(f\"b={bin(b)}\")\n\nprint(a & b, bin(a & b))\nprint(a | b, bin(a | b))\nprint(a ^ b, bin(a ^ b))\nprint(~a, bin(~a))\n\nprint(a << 1, bin(a << 1))\nprint(a >> 1, bin(a >> 1))\n
    ouput
    a=0b10\nb=0b11\n2 0b10\n3 0b11\n1 0b1\n-3 -0b11\n4 0b100\n1 0b1\n

    & \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684 and\uff0c | \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684 or\uff0c ^ \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u9593\u7684\u9032\u884c\u4e92\u65a5\u6216\u904b\u7b97\uff0c ~ \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684 not\uff0c << \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u5de6\u79fb\uff0c >> \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u53f3\u79fb\u3002

    \u5728\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u60f3\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65b7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u662f\u5947\u6578\u9084\u662f\u5076\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 % \u4f86\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f4d\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u3002

    a, b = 5678, 4843\nprint(f\"Is a even? {a % 2 == 0}\")\nprint(f\"Is b odd? {b & 1 == 1}\")\n
    ouput
    Is a even? True\nIs b odd? True\n

    Question

    1. \u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65b7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u662f 2 \u7684\u51aa?
    2. \u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u7684 16 \u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 * \u4e58\u6cd5\u904b\u7b97\u5b50?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#assignment_operators","title":"Assignment Operators","text":"

    \u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u5b78\u6703\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7d66\u8b8a\u6578\u3002

    \u5148\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 += \u4f86\u5c07\u8b8a\u6578\u52a0\u4e0a\u67d0\u500b\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u66f4\u7c21\u6f54\u3002

    x = 1\nx = x + 2\ny = 1\ny += 2\nprint(x, y)\n
    ouput
    3 3\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u3002

    x = 1\nx += 2\nprint(x)\nx -= 1\nprint(x)\nx *= 3\nprint(x)\nx //= 2\nprint(x)\nx **= 2\nprint(x)\nx <<= 1\nprint(x)\n
    ouput
    3\n2\n6\n3\n9\n18\n

    \u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u5225\u5fd8\u8a18 = \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u3002

    x = y = z = 1\nprint(x, y, z)\n
    ouput
    1 1 1\n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u3002

    Question

    1. \u6709\u6c92\u6709 and= \u9019\u500b\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50?
    2. &= \u9019\u500b\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#bonus_f-string_for_float","title":"Bonus: f-string for float","text":"

    \u70ba\u4e86\u80fd\u8b93\u4f60\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e9b\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u5148\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4f55\u5370\u51fa\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6578\u3002

    \u5728 Say Hello to Python - Input \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7a0d\u5fae\u63d0\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u56de\u53bb\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002

    \u7d66\u4f60\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578 x \uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u5370\u51fa x \u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u8207\u5e73\u65b9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ea\u5370\u51fa\u5c0f\u6578\u9ede\u5f8c\u5169\u4f4d\u3002

    x = 3.1415926\nprint(f\"The square root of {x} is {x ** 0.5:.2f}\")\nprint(f\"The square of {x} is {x ** 2:.2f}\")\n
    ouput
    The square root of 3.1415926 is 1.77\nThe square of 3.1415926 is 9.87\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-27 11:52

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#bonus_map_for_input","title":"Bonus: map for input","text":"

    \u518d\u6b21\u8907\u7fd2 Variable and Input - Mutiple Input \u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 split() \u4f86\u5c07\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u5207\u5272\u6210\u591a\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u3002

    \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u4e32\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5462?

    a, b, c = input().split()\nprint(int(a) + int(b) + int(c))\n
    input
    1 2 3\n
    ouput
    6\n

    \u96d6\u7136\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u8f38\u5165\u5f88\u591a\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u5c31\u6703\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 map() \u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u3002

    a, b, c = map(int, input().split())\nprint(a + b + c)\n
    input
    4 5 6\n
    ouput
    15\n

    map(function, iterable) \u6703\u5c07 iterable \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4e1f\u9032 function \u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u7684 iterable \u662f input().split()\uff0c\u800c function \u662f int\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 map(int, input().split()) \u6703\u5c07 input().split() \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u3002

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u5225\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 float \u6216 str\uff0c\u4f46\u8acb\u4f60\u8a18\u5f97\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u62ec\u865f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u5c07\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u50b3\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 Unpacking \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5c07 map() \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6307\u6d3e\u7d66\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f Unpacking \u5427?

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u592a\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5148\u5b78\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    \u6709\u4e86\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5f88\u591a\u984c\u76ee\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7df4\u7fd2\u984c\u5427!

    Itsa - [C_MM01-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u68af\u578b\u9762\u7a4d

    Reference code 
    a, b, h = map(int, input().split())\narea = (a + b) * h / 2\nprint(f\"Trapezoid area:{area}\")\n

    Itsa - [C_MM02-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u9762\u7a4d

    Reference code 
    a, b = map(int, input().split())\narea = a * b / 2\nprint(area)\n

    Itsa - [C_MM04-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u7e3d\u548c\u3001\u4e58\u7a4d\u3001\u5dee\u3001\u5546\u548c\u9918\u6578

    Reference code 
    a, b = map(int, input().split())\n\nprint(f\"{a}+{b}={a + b}\")\nprint(f\"{a}*{b}={a * b}\")\nprint(f\"{a}-{b}={a - b}\")\nprint(f\"{a}/{b}={a // b}...{a % b}\")\n

    Itsa - [C_MM06-\u6613] \u82f1\u54e9\u8f49\u516c\u91cc

    Reference code 
    mile = int(input())\nkm = mile * 1.6\nprint(f\"{km:.1f}\")\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM07-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u5e73\u65b9\u503c\u8207\u7acb\u65b9\u503c

    Itsa - [C_MM08-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u5169\u6578\u548c\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u503c

    Itsa - [C_MM10-\u6613] \u651d\u6c0f\u6eab\u5ea6\u8f49\u83ef\u5f0f\u6eab\u5ea6

    Itsa - [C_MM11-\u6613] \u8cfc\u7968\u8a08\u7b97

    Itsa - [C_MM12-\u6613] \u76f8\u9047\u6642\u9593\u8a08\u7b97

    Itsa - [C_MM14-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7d44\u5408

    @EditTime : 2024-01-28 22:03

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/","title":"Repetition Structures","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u96fb\u8166\u6700\u6703\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\u8ff4\u5708(Loop)\uff0c\u8ff4\u5708\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5beb\u51fa\u4f86\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u5370 \\(100\\) \u6b21 Hello World!\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5462?

    # ...\nprint(\"Hello World!\")\nprint(\"Hello World!\")\nprint(\"Hello World!\")\n

    \u4f60\u6703\u771f\u7684\u5beb \\(100\\) \u884c\u55ce?\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4f60\u6703\u6c23\u6b7b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u96fb\u8166\u7838\u4e86\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#for_loop","title":"For Loop","text":"

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b for \u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u4e26\u8209\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5370\u51fa \\(1\\) \u5230 \\(5\\):

    for i in range(1, 6, 1):\n    print(i, end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 5\n

    Time Loop - Purrple Cat

    range\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5217\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8d77\u59cb\u503c\u3001\u7d50\u675f\u503c\u3001\u9593\u9694\u503c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b:

    \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7d50\u675f\u503c\uff0c\u8d77\u59cb\u503c\u9810\u8a2d\u70ba \\(0\\)\uff0c\u9593\u9694\u503c\u9810\u8a2d\u70ba \\(1\\)\u3002

    range(start=0, stop, step=1) \u4e26\u4e14\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cstop \u662f\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6578\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#foreach","title":"Foreach","text":"

    \u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u628a\u5b57\u4e32 \"Speed_of_Light\" \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u90fd\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u3002

    for c in \"Speed_of_Light\":\n    print(c, end=' ')\n

    ouput

    S p e e d _ o f _ L i g h t \n
    DJ OKAWARI feat. \u4e8c\u5bae\u611b \u300cSpeed of Light\u300d

    \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684 Foreach\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8ff4\u5708\u90fd\u6703\u53d6\u51fa\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u4ed6\u653e\u5230 c \u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u8acb\u4f60\u8a18\u8d77\u4f86\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#break_and_continue","title":"Break and Continue","text":"

    \u518d\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97 \\(\\sum_{i=1}^n{i}=1+2+\\cdots+n\\)

    n = int(input())\ntotal = 0\n\n# 1 + 2 + ... + n\nfor i in range(n + 1):\n    total += i\n\nprint(total)\n
    input
    100\n
    ouput
    5050\n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39 break \u8207 continue\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u3002

    break \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u5f37\u5236\u8df3\u51fa\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u800c continue \u5247\u662f\u5f37\u5236\u8df3\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8ff4\u5708\u3002

    for i in range(1, 11):\n    if i == 5:\n        break\n    print(i, end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4\n

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\uff0ci == 5 \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8ff4\u5708\u5c31\u88ab\u5f37\u5236\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e86\u3002

    for i in range(1, 11):\n    if i == 5:\n        continue\n    print(i, end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10\n

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\uff0c5 \u88ab\u8df3\u904e\u4e86\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#nested_loop","title":"Nested Loop","text":"

    \u63a5\u8457\u4ecb\u7d39\u5de2\u72c0\u8ff4\u5708(Nested Loop)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8ff4\u5708\u88e1\u9762\u9084\u6709\u8ff4\u5708\u3002\u505a\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5169\u5c64\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6642\u91dd\u8207\u5206\u91dd\uff0c\u5167\u5c64\u8ff4\u5708\u6bcf\u8dd1\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u5916\u5c64\u8ff4\u5708\u624d\u8dd1\u4e00\u683c\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5370\u4e00\u500b\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u5427\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u5370\u51fa \\(n\\) \u5c64\u7684\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff0c\u5c07\u6700\u9802\u7aef\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5c64\u7de8\u865f\u70ba \\(0\\)\uff0c\u6700\u5e95\u7aef\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5c64\u7de8\u865f\u70ba \\(n-1\\)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u5c64\u6709 \\(i+1\\) \u500b\u661f\u661f *\u3002

    n = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(n):\n    for j in range(i + 1):\n        print('*', end='')\n    print()\n

    \u6211\u7a31\u5167\u5c64\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\u53eb\u505a j \u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\u53eb\u505a i \u8ff4\u5708\u3002 j \u8ff4\u5708\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u661f\u661f\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u800c i \u8ff4\u5708\u5247\u63a7\u5236\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u5e7e\u5c64\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u661f\u661f\u6578\u91cf\u90fd\u662f i + 1\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6703\u63db\u884c\u3002

    input
    5\n
    output
    *\n**\n***\n****\n*****\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\u3002

    for i in range(1, 10):\n    for j in range(1, 10):\n        print(f\"{i} * {j} = {i * j}\", end='\\t')\n    print()\n
    output
    1 * 1 = 1   1 * 2 = 2   1 * 3 = 3   1 * 4 = 4   1 * 5 = 5   1 * 6 = 6   1 * 7 = 7   1 * 8 = 8   1 * 9 = 9   \n2 * 1 = 2   2 * 2 = 4   2 * 3 = 6   2 * 4 = 8   2 * 5 = 10  2 * 6 = 12  2 * 7 = 14  2 * 8 = 16  2 * 9 = 18  \n3 * 1 = 3   3 * 2 = 6   3 * 3 = 9   3 * 4 = 12  3 * 5 = 15  3 * 6 = 18  3 * 7 = 21  3 * 8 = 24  3 * 9 = 27  \n4 * 1 = 4   4 * 2 = 8   4 * 3 = 12  4 * 4 = 16  4 * 5 = 20  4 * 6 = 24  4 * 7 = 28  4 * 8 = 32  4 * 9 = 36  \n5 * 1 = 5   5 * 2 = 10  5 * 3 = 15  5 * 4 = 20  5 * 5 = 25  5 * 6 = 30  5 * 7 = 35  5 * 8 = 40  5 * 9 = 45  \n6 * 1 = 6   6 * 2 = 12  6 * 3 = 18  6 * 4 = 24  6 * 5 = 30  6 * 6 = 36  6 * 7 = 42  6 * 8 = 48  6 * 9 = 54  \n7 * 1 = 7   7 * 2 = 14  7 * 3 = 21  7 * 4 = 28  7 * 5 = 35  7 * 6 = 42  7 * 7 = 49  7 * 8 = 56  7 * 9 = 63  \n8 * 1 = 8   8 * 2 = 16  8 * 3 = 24  8 * 4 = 32  8 * 5 = 40  8 * 6 = 48  8 * 7 = 56  8 * 8 = 64  8 * 9 = 72  \n9 * 1 = 9   9 * 2 = 18  9 * 3 = 27  9 * 4 = 36  9 * 5 = 45  9 * 6 = 54  9 * 7 = 63  9 * 8 = 72  9 * 9 = 81  \n

    i \u63a7\u5236\u5217(Row)\uff0cj \u63a7\u5236\u884c(Column)\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u90fd\u662f i\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u90fd\u662f j\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 i * j \u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u4e58\u7a4d\u3002

    \u71b1\u8eab\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u7a0d\u5fae\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8cea\u6578\u3002

    \u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u6703\u662f\u7b49\u7b49\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8acb\u4ed4\u7d30\u770b\u3002

    n = int(input())\nis_prime = True\n\nfor i in range(2, n):\n    if n % i == 0:\n        is_prime = False\n        break\n\nif is_prime:\n    print(\"Yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No\")\n
    input
    17\n4843\n
    ouput
    Yes\nNo\n

    n \u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u9664 1 \u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 break \u4f86\u5f37\u5236\u8df3\u51fa\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u628a\u554f\u984c\u7528\u5f97\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u5728 \\([1, n]\\) \u4e4b\u9593\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u6578\u3002

    \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4f55\u8b93 range \u5012\u8457\u6578\u56de\u4f86\u3002

    n = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(n, 0, -1):\n    is_prime = True\n    for j in range(2, i):\n        if i % j == 0:\n            is_prime = False\n            break\n\n    if is_prime:\n        print(f\"{i} is the largest prime in [1, {n}]\")\n        break\n
    input
    100\n2\n
    output
    97 is the largest prime in [1, 97]\n2 is the largest prime in [1, 2]\n

    i \u5217\u8209 \\([n, 1]\\) \u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u800c j \u5217\u8209 \\([2, i-1]\\) \u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c i \u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u9664 j\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u8df3\u51fa\u5167\u5c64 j \u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5217\u8209\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u5982\u679c i \u662f\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8df3\u51fa\u5916\u5c64 i \u8ff4\u5708\u3002

    \u8acb\u4f60\u4ed4\u7d30\u7aef\u8a73\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u884c\u6578\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-30 16:33

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#while_loop","title":"While loop","text":"

    \u63a5\u8457\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39 while \u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f\u662f\u7576\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8ff4\u5708\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u5e7e\u6b21\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 while \u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5225\u5beb\u51fa\u7121\u7aae\u8ff4\u5708(Infinite Loop)\u5594\u3002

    \u4f46\u5728\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u7528 while \u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u5370\u51fa \\(1\\) \u5230 \\(5\\)\u3002

    i = 1\nwhile i < 6:\n    print(i, end=\" \")\n    i += 1\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 5\n

    \u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0b for loop\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u908f\u8f2f\u5176\u5be6\u4e00\u6a23\u3002

    \u7576\u689d\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002

    \u518d\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u6b63\u6574\u6578 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa \\(n!\\)

    n = int(input())\ni = 1\nfact = 1\n\nwhile i <= n:\n    fact *= i\n    i += 1\n\nprint(fact)\n
    input
    5\n1\n
    ouput
    120\n1\n

    \u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u7121\u6cd5\u770b\u51fa while \u7684\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8ff4\u5708\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u6703\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u554f\u984c:

    \\[ \\text{The} \\ 3n+1 \\ \\text{Problem} \\ aka \\ \\text{Collatz Conjecture} \\]

    \u8003\u62c9\u8332\u731c\u60f3 wikipedia

    \u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u65bc\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u5947\u6578\uff0c\u5247\u5c0d\u5b83\u4e583\u518d\u52a01\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u5076\u6578\uff0c\u5247\u5c0d\u5b83\u9664\u4ee52\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u52301\u3002

    \u90a3\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5beb\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u6574\u6578 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4ed6\u6703\u5728\u5e7e\u6b65\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210 \\(1\\)\u3002

    \\[ f(n)=\\begin{cases}\\frac{n}{2}, & \\text{if } n \\text{ is even} \\\\ 3n+1, & \\text{if } n \\text{ is odd}\\end{cases} \\]

    \u4f9d\u7167\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc:

    n = int(input())\nstep = 0\n\nwhile n != 1:\n    print(n, end=\" -> \")\n    if n % 2 == 0:\n        n = n // 2\n    else:\n        n = 3 * n + 1\n    step += 1\n\nprint(1)\nprint(f\"step = {step}\")\n
    input
    22\n1\n
    ouput
    22 -> 11 -> 34 -> 17 -> 52 -> 26 -> 13 -> 40 -> 20 -> 10 -> 5 -> 16 -> 8 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1\nstep = 15\n1\nstep = 0\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u6574\u6578 \\(n\\gt 1\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa \\(n\\) \u7684\u8cea\u56e0\u6578\u5206\u89e3\u3002

    \u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u770b\u53c3\u8003\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002

    Example 
    n = int(input())\nfactor = 2\n\nwhile n != 1:\n    while n % factor == 0:\n        print(factor, end=' ')\n        n //= factor\n    factor += 1\n
    input
    20\n4843\n
    ouput
    2 2 5\n29 167\n

    \u5167\u5c64\u7684 while \u8ff4\u5708\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 n \u4e0d\u662f factor \u7684\u500d\u6578\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u5916\u5c64\u7684 while \u8ff4\u5708\u5247\u662f\u5217\u8209\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8cea\u56e0\u6578\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 n \u8b8a\u6210 \\(1\\) \u70ba\u6b62\u3002

    \u984c\u5916\u8a71\uff0c\u7576\u521d\u9047\u5230\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u7d50\u679c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31AC\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u8acb\u4f60\u597d\u597d\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u57f9\u990a\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-30 17:55

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#bonus_for_else_and_while_else","title":"Bonus: for ... else and while ... else","text":"

    for \u8207 while \u8ff4\u5708\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d else \u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7576\u8ff4\u5708\u6b63\u5e38\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u6642\u5019(\u6c92\u6709 break )\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c else\u3002

    \n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM03-\u6613] \u5169\u6578\u7e3d\u548c

    Reference code 

    while True:\n    a, b = map(int, input().split())\n    print(a + b)\n
    \u9019\u984c\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u55ae\u7d14\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u91cd\u8907\u8f38\u5165\u3002

    Itsa - [C_MM26-\u6613] \u8f38\u51fa 1x1\u30012x2\u3001...\u3001NxN\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c

    Reference code 
    N = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(1, N + 1):\n    print(f\"{i}*{i}={i * i}\")\n

    Itsa - [C_MM33-\u6613] \u627e1~N\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578

    Reference code 

    N = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(6, N + 1, 2):\n    s = 0\n    for j in range(1, i):\n        if i % j == 0:\n            s += j\n    if s == i:\n        if i == 6:\n            print(i, end='')\n        else:\n            print(' ' + str(i), end='')\nprint()\n
    \u9019\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u89e3\uff0c\u6703TLE\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u4f73\u5316\uff0c \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 C++ \u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5AC\u7684\u3002

    Itsa - [C_MM34-\u6613] \u56e0\u6578\u554f\u984c

    Reference code 
    N = int(input())\n\nprint(1, end=\"\")\nfor i in range(2, N + 1):\n    if N % i == 0:\n        print(f\" {i}\", end=\"\")\nprint()\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-30 18:40

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM21-\u6613] \u7b97\u968e\u4e58

    Itsa - [C_MM25-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u6b63\u6574\u6578\u88ab3\u6574\u9664\u4e4b\u6578\u503c\u4e4b\u7e3d\u548c

    Itsa - [C_MM27-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u5169\u6574\u6578\u9593\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6578\u7684\u7e3d\u548c

    Itsa - [C_MM28-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b971\u5230N\u4e4b\u9593\u5c6c\u65bc5\u548c7\u7684\u500d\u6578

    Itsa - [C_MM29-\u6613] \u6700\u5927\u8cea\u6578\u554f\u984c

    Itsa - [C_MM30-\u6613] \u8cea\u6578\u5224\u5225

    Itsa - [C_MM31-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b971~N\u5167\u80fd\u88ab2\u8ddf3\u6574\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab12\u6574\u9664\u7684\u6574\u6578\u7e3d\u548c

    Itsa - [C_MM40-\u6613] 1~N\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7e3d\u548c

    Itsa - [C_MM49-\u6613] \u9023\u7e8c1\u7684\u500d\u6578

    Itsa - [C_ST09-\u6613] \u661f\u865f\u77e9\u5f62\u8f38\u51fa

    Itsa - [C_ST11-\u6613] \u661f\u865f\u83f1\u5f62\u8f38\u51fa

    Itsa - [C_ST14-\u6613] \u6578\u5b57\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u8f38\u51fa

    @EditTime : 2024-01-30 21:51

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/say_hello/","title":"Say Hello to Python!","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/say_hello/#first_program","title":"First Program","text":"

    \u55e8\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b Python \u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728 Pycharm \u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b main.py \u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u6253\u4e0a : 

    # print(\"Hello Cat!\")\nprint(\"Hello World!\")\nprint('Hello Python!')\nprint(\"cheung4843\")\n

    \u6309\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0(Console)\u5c07\u6703\u5370\u51fa Hello World! \u63a5\u8457\u63db\u884c\uff0c\u518d\u5370\u51fa Hello Python!\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u518d\u5370\u51fa\u6211 cheung4843\uff0c\u518d\u63db\u884c\u3002

    \u90a3 # print(\"Hello Cat!\") \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc?\u4ee5\u4e95\u5b57\u865f\u70ba\u958b\u982d\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8a3b\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u66f4\u4f73\u3002

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u6709\u767c\u73fe \"Hello World!\" \u8207 'Hello Python!' \u7684\u5dee\u7570?\u7576\u7136\u9664\u4e86\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u8207\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5b57\u4e32(String)\uff0c\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u5c0d\u7684\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u8207\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df7\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 :

    print(\"I love cats')\n

    \u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u8ddf\u4f60\u5831\u544a\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8a9e\u6cd5\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u906d\u9047\u8a31\u591a\u8a9e\u610f\u932f\u8aa4\u3002

    \u90a3\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32\u55ce?

    print('')\nprint(\"\")\nprint(\"Above are nothing, right?\")\n

    \u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e86\u5427?

    \u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8b1b\u8b1b print \u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u7a31\u4ed6\u70ba\u51fd\u5f0f(Function)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5462?\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u5f8c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u62ec\u865f()\u3002\u800c print \u662f Python \u5167\u5efa\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u300c\u5de5\u5177\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u88ab\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u8001\u6389\u7259\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u7a31\u51fd\u5f0f\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\u3002

    \u95dc\u65bc\u51fd\u5f0f(Function)\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5728\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053 print() \u6703\u5c07\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u63db\u884c\u3002

    \u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u63db\u884c\u5462?

    print(\"You\")\nprint(\"are\")\nprint(\"my\", end=' ')\nprint(\"special\", end='\\n')\nprint(\"1234\", end=\"5\")\nprint(\"---------\")\n
    ouput
    You\nare\nmy special\n12345---------\n

    \u5728\u9019\u500b\u5947\u602a\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u767c\u73fe\u6211\u5728 print \u7684\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u591a\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b end= \u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u8b93 print \u5370\u5b8c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u5370\u51fa\u7b49\u65bc\u5f8c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002

    You are my special

    \u90a3 \\n \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f?\u4ed6\u662f\u8df3\u812b\u5b57\u5143(Escape Character)\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\uff0c\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u63db\u884c\u3002

    Note

    1. \u96d9\u5f15\u865f/\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\u570d\u4f4f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \"cheung4843\" \u8207 '114514 + 1919810' \uff0c\u4f46\u8a18\u4f4f\u55ae\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u4e0d\u5f97\u6df7\u7528\u3002
    2. print(x, end=y) \u6703\u5370\u51fa x \uff0c\u518d\u5370\u51fa y\uff0c\u800c y \u9810\u8a2d\u70ba \\n \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u63db\u884c\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-25 19:23

    Question

    1. \u90a3\u9ebc \"'\" \u8207 \"\"\" \u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u55ce?
    2. print() \u62ec\u865f\u5167\u6c92\u6709\u653e\u6771\u897f\u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?

    @EditTime : 2024-01-25 19:55

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/","title":"Selection Structures","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u5728\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u5f88\u591a\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6703\u6839\u64da\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba\u9078\u64c7\u7d50\u69cb(Selection Structures)\uff0c\u662f\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u6839\u64da\u5b78\u6e2c\u6210\u7e3e\uff0c\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u586b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5fd7\u9858\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6211\u6839\u64da\u5929\u6c23\uff0c\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u5e36\u5098\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#if_elif_else","title":"if ... elif ... else","text":"

    \u5728\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u56de\u60f3 Operators - Comparison Operators \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\uff0c\u800c if \u6703\u6839\u64da True \u6216 False \u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u57f7\u884c\u67d0\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50:

    \u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u3002

    num = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\n# get the absolute value of the input\nif num < 0:\n    num = -num\n\nprint(num)\n
    input
    -1984\n1984\n
    ouput
    1984\n1984\n

    Ivan Torrent - \"1984\" Lyrics Video

    \u908f\u8f2f\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u5c0f\u65bc\u96f6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u5c07\u4ed6\u653e\u4e0a\u8ca0\u865f\u3002\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u7684 - \u8207 not \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c

    \u5728\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6709\u7528\u5230 if\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u6709\u8acb else \u767b\u5834\u3002

    \u8acb\u770b\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u4ed6\u662f\u5947\u6578\u9084\u662f\u5076\u6578\u3002

    num = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\n# odd or even\nif num % 2 == 0:\n    print(\"Even\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Odd\")\n
    input
    1983\n-1982\n
    ouput
    Odd\nEven\n

    Timecop1983 - On the Run

    \u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u7528\u5230\u4e86 else\uff0c\u7576 if \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c else \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 elif\u3002

    \u7576 if \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e0b\u9762 elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c elif \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u524d\u7684 elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684 elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u90fd\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c else \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002

    \u9019\u6a23\u8b1b\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u9ede\u7e5e\u53e3\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002

    score = int(input(\"Enter your score: \"))\n\nif score >= 90:\n    print(\"A\")\n    print(\"Excellent!\")\nelif score >= 80:\n    print(\"B\")\nelif score >= 70:\n    print(\"C\")\nelif score >= 60:\n    print(\"D\")\nelse:\n    print(\"F\")\n
    input
    60\n90\n49\n
    ouput
    D\nA\nExcellent!\nF\n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50: 

    score = int(input(\"Enter your score: \"))\nif score >= 60:\n    print(\"D\")\nelif score >= 70:\n    print(\"C\")\nelif score >= 80:\n    print(\"B\")\nelif score >= 90:\n    print(\"A\")\n    print(\"Excellent!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"F\")\n
    input
    90\n
    ouput
    D\n

    \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8f38\u5165 90 \u6703\u5370\u51fa D\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f A\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba if \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c if \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6aa2\u67e5 elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002

    \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u64b0\u5beb\u689d\u4ef6\u5f0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u78ba\u4fdd\u6bcf\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u3002

    score = int(input(\"Enter your score: \"))\n\nif 70 > score >= 60:\n    print(\"D\")\nelif 80 > score >= 70:\n    print(\"C\")\nelif 90 > score >= 80:\n    print(\"B\")\nelif 100 >= score >= 90:\n    print(\"A\")\n    print(\"Excellent!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"F\")\n
    input
    90\n4843\n55\n
    ouput
    A\nExcellent!\nF\nF\n

    \u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u554f\u984c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u8f38\u5165\u8d85\u904e 100 \u7684\u5206\u6578\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u6703\u5370\u51fa F \u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u89e3\u6c7a\u5462?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#nested_if","title":"Nested if","text":"

    if \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b if\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u7a31\u70ba\u5de2\u72c0\u689d\u4ef6\u5f0f(Nested if)\u3002

    \u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u6574\u6578 a, b, c \uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u8f38\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002

    a, b, c = map(int, input().split())\nmax_one = None\n\nif a > b:\n    max_one = a\n    if c > max_one:\n        max_one = c\nelse:\n    max_one = b\n    if c > max_one:\n        max_one = c\n\nprint(max_one)\n
    input
    10 20 30\n12 12 12\n-3 -4 -5\n
    ouput
    30\n12\n-3\n

    \u60f3\u6cd5\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5148\u8b93 a, b \u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u518d\u8b93 c \u8207 max_one \u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002

    \u9019\u88e1\u5077\u5077\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u5947\u5999\u5999\u5de5\u5177\uff0cmax()\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u627e\u51fa\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002

    a, b, c = map(int, input().split())\nprint(max(a, b, c))\n
    input
    114514 1919 810\n
    ouput
    114514\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#match_case","title":"match ... case","text":"

    \u5728 Python 3.10 \u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u4e86 match ... case \uff0c\u4f46\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53e4\u8001\u7684 Online Judge \u7684 Python \u7248\u672c\u592a\u820a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u9084\u662f\u60f3\u4ecb\u7d39\u7d66\u4f60\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u5728 if ... elif ... else \u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50:

    month = int(input(\"Enter a month (1-12): \"))\n\n# which season?\nif 3 <= month <= 5:\n    print(\"Spring\")\nelif 6 <= month <= 8:\n    print(\"Summer\")\nelif 9 <= month <= 11:\n    print(\"Fall\")\nelif month == 12 or month == 1 or month == 2:\n    print(\"Winter\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Invalid month\")\n
    input
    4\n7\n10\n1\n13\n
    ouput
    Spring\nSummer\nFall\nWinter\nInvalid month\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u770b\u770b match ... case \u7684\u7248\u672c:

    month = int(input(\"Enter a month (1-12): \"))\n\nmatch month:\n    case 3 | 4 | 5:\n        print(\"Spring\")\n    case 6 | 7 | 8:\n        print(\"Summer\")\n    case 9 | 10 | 11:\n        print(\"Autumn\")\n    case 12 | 1 | 2:\n        print(\"Winter\")\n    case _:\n        print(\"Invalid month\")\n
    input
    270\n11\n3\n
    ouput
    Invalid month\nAutumn\nSpring\n

    \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7c21\u6f54\u5462?\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5b78\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u50cf\u662f C, C++, Java \u7b49\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u904e switch .. case\uff0c\u4f46\u662f match ... case \u66f4\u5f37\u5927!

    \u95dc\u65bc match ... case \u6211\u5c31\u4ecb\u7d39\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u77e5\u9053 if ... elif ... else \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-29 12:32

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM09-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97 i \u6b21\u65b9\u7684\u503c

    Reference code 
    i = int(input())\nif i > 31:\n    print(\"Value of more than 31\")\nelse:\n    print(1 << i)\n

    Itsa - [C_MM13-\u6613] \u505c\u8eca\u8cbb\u8a08\u7b97

    Reference code 
    h1, m1 = map(int, input().split())\nh2, m2 = map(int, input().split())\n\npaid = 0\nminutes = (h2 - h1) * 60 + (m2 - m1)\nif minutes > 240:\n    paid += ((minutes - 240) // 30) * 60\n    minutes = 240\nif minutes > 120:\n    paid += ((minutes - 120) // 30) * 40\n    minutes = 120\npaid += (minutes // 30) * 30\n\nprint(paid)\n

    Itsa - [C_MM15-\u6613] \u5224\u65b7\u5ea7\u6a19\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167

    Reference code 
    x, y = map(int, input().split())\n\nif 0 <= x <= 100 and 0 <= y <= 100:\n    print(\"inside\")\nelse:\n    print(\"outside\")\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM16-\u6613] \u5224\u65b7\u5ea7\u6a19\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5713\u5f62\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167

    Itsa - [C_MM19-\u6613] \u96fb\u8a71\u8cbb\u8a08\u7b97

    Itsa - [C_MM24-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u85aa\u6c34

    Itsa - [C_MM32-\u6613] Armstrong\u6578

    Itsa - [C_MM35-\u6613] \u5e73\u3001\u958f\u5e74\u5224\u5b9a

    Itsa - [C_MM36-\u6613] \u5b63\u7bc0\u5224\u5b9a

    Itsa - [C_MM37-\u6613] \u5224\u65b7\u5ea7\u6a19\u4f4d\u65bc\u4f55\u8655

    Itsa - [C_MM38-\u6613] \u5224\u65b73\u6574\u6578\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u69cb\u6210\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e09\u908a\u9577

    Itsa - [C_MM39-\u6613] \u5224\u65b7\u662f\u4f55\u7a2e\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62

    Itsa - [C_MM46-\u6613] \u8907\u6578\u904b\u7b97

    Itsa - [C_AR36-\u6613] \u661f\u5ea7\u67e5\u8a62

    @EditTime : 2024-01-29 14:38

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/","title":"Sets","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u5982\u679c\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u6aa2\u67e5\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5462?\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u78ba\u4fdd\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5462?

    \u5728\u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u96c6\u5408(Set)\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027:

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#create_a_set","title":"Create a Set","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528set()\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u5927\u62ec\u865f{}\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u4f8b\u5b50:

    a = set(\"FOREVER\")\nprint(a)\n\nb = [4, 8, 4, 3]\nc = set(b)\nprint(c)\n\nd = {(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)}\nprint(d)\nprint(type(d))\n\ne = {}\nprint(type(e))\n
    Output
    {'R', 'F', 'O', 'E', 'V'}\n{8, 3, 4}\n{(2, 3), (1, 2), (0, 1)}\n<class 'set'>\n<class 'dict'>\n

    SUHO(\uc218\ud638) _ FOREVER

    \u4f60\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u7528set()\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba{}\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u3002

    \u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7121\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f60\u8a66\u8457\u591a\u57f7\u884c\u5e7e\u6b21\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002

    \u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Comprehension \u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u96c6\u5408\u3002

    a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\ndiff_b = {x for x in b if x not in a}\nprint(diff_b)\n\nc = {x ** 2 for x in range(-3, 4)}\nprint(c)\n
    Output
    {4, 5}\n{0, 9, 4, 1}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#operations","title":"Operations","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#accessing_elements","title":"Accessing elements","text":"

    \u56e0\u70ba\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u7121\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528in\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u642d\u914dfor\u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u904d\u6b77\u96c6\u5408\u3002

    perfect_nums_set = {6, 28, 496, 8128, 33550336}\nprint(4843 in perfect_nums_set)\n\nfor num in perfect_nums_set:\n    print(num, end=' ')\n
    Output
    False\n33550336 8128 496 6 28 \n

    Question

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\) \u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5e7e\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728?

    \u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u9a5a\u8a1d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 \\(n\\) \u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5e7e\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u99ac\u4e0a\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#union","title":"Union","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528| \u6216\u8005 union() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5169\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u806f\u96c6\u3002

    a = {1, 3, 5}\nb = {2, 4, 5, 6}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\nc = a | b\nprint(c)\n\na |= b\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#intersection","title":"Intersection","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528& \u6216\u8005 intersection() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5169\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002

    a = {1, 3, 5}\nb = {2, 4, 5, 6}\n\nprint(a.intersection(b))\nc = a & b\nprint(c)\n\na &= b\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {5}\n{5}\n{5}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#difference","title":"Difference","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528- \u6216\u8005 difference() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5169\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5dee\u96c6\u3002

    a = {1, 3, 5}\nb = {2, 4, 5, 6}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nc = b - a\nprint(c)\n\na -= b\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {1, 3}\n{2, 4, 6}\n{1, 3}\n

    \u6211\u5c31\u8209\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u67e5 Docs \u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#methods","title":"Methods","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#adding_elements","title":"Adding elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 add() \u4f86\u65b0\u589e\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002

    nums_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nnums_set.add(6)\nnums_set.add(3)\nprint(nums_set)\n
    Output
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n

    \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 update() \u4f86\u65b0\u589e\u591a\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002

    \u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u8ddf |= \u4e00\u6a23\u3002

    nums_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nnums_set.update({6, 7})\nprint(nums_set)\n\nnums_set.update([1, 8, 9], {10, 11})\nprint(nums_set)\n
    Output
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\n{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#removing_elements","title":"Removing elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 remove() \u4f86\u79fb\u9664\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6703\u62cb\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u3002

    a = {1, 2, 3}\na.remove(1)\nprint(a)\na.remove(1)\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {2, 3}\nKeyError: 1\n

    \u6216\u8005\u7528 discard() \u4f86\u79fb\u9664\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u62cb\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u3002

    a = {1, 2, 3}\na.discard(2)\nprint(a)\na.discard(2)\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {1, 3}\n{1, 3}\n

    \u90a3\u600e\u9ebc\u6e05\u7a7a\u5462?\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 clear() \u4f86\u6e05\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u3002

    a = {1, 2, 3}\na.clear()\nprint(len(a))\n
    Output
    0\n

    \u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u67e5 Docs \u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u76ee\u524d\u61c9\u8a72\u5920\u4f60\u7528\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_AR20-\u6613] \u6aa2\u67e5\u6578\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u91cd\u8907

    Reference code 

    n = int(input())\nnum_set = set(input().split())\n\nif len(num_set) == n:\n    print(1)\nelse:\n    print(0)\n
    \u6aa2\u67e5\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u7528\u96c6\u5408\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96c6\u5408\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u65bc\u8f38\u5165\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    \u5728 Itsa \u4e0a\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u627e\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e7e\u8106\u9644\u4e0a\u89e3\u7b54\u3002

    Itsa - [C_ST23-\u6613] \u76f8\u540c\u5b57\u96c6\u7684\u5b57\u4e32

    Reference code 

    a, b = input().split(',')\na_set = set(str.lower(a))\na_set.discard(\" \")\nb_set = set(str.lower(b))\nb_set.discard(\" \")\n\nif a_set == b_set:\n    print(1)\nelse:\n    print(0)\n
    \u9019\u88e1\u61c9\u8a72\u80fd\u611f\u53d7 discard() \u7684\u7528\u8655\uff0c\u984c\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u5340\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5148\u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u8f49\u6210\u5c0f\u5beb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u628a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u5143\u79fb\u9664(\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6709\u6c92\u6709)\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u6aa2\u67e5\u5169\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    Itsa - [C_ST82-\u6613] \u4ea4\u96c6

    Itsa - [C_ST83-\u6613] \u806f\u96c6

    Itsa - [C_ST84-\u6613] \u5dee\u96c6

    Itsa - [C_AR192-\u6613] \u5224\u65ad\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u662f\u5426\u6709\u91cd\u8907

    @EditTime : 2024-02-06 23:16

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/","title":"Tuples","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u6709\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e8f\u5c0d(Tuple)\u5c0d\u4f60\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u6703\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8ddf\u4e32\u5217(List)\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u5c0f\u62ec\u865f()\u4f86\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684(immutable)\u3002\u9019\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u65b0\u589e\u3001\u522a\u9664\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u90a3\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9084\u8981\u7528\u5b83\u5462?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#create_a_tuple","title":"Create a Tuple","text":"

    \u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5e8f\u5c0d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5c0f\u62ec\u865f()\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u5305\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7528\u9017\u865f,\u9694\u958b\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002

    \u4f46\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u9017\u865f\u3002\u9019\u908a\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u90fd\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u3002

    empty = ()\none = (1,)\ntwo = (1, 2)\nprint(len(empty), len(one), len(two))\nprint(type(empty))\n\nodd = 1, 3, 5\nprint(odd)\nprint(type(odd))\n
    Output
    0 1 2\n<class 'tuple'>\n(1, 3, 5)\n(1, 3, 5)\n<class 'tuple'>\n

    \u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528tuple()\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u4f8b\u5b50:

    lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\ntup = tuple(lst)\nprint(tup)\n\ns = \"know me...\"\ns_tup = tuple(s)\nprint(s_tup)\n
    Output
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n('k', 'n', 'o', 'w', ' ', 'm', 'e', '.', '.', '.')\n

    \u516b\u6728\u6d77\u8389 \u300eknow me...\u300f

    \u9084\u8a18\u5f97 List Comprehension \u55ce?\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f\u6539\u6210\u5c0f\u62ec\u865f\u8a66\u8a66\u770b:

    gen = (x ** 2 for x in range(5))\nprint(type(gen))\ntup = tuple(gen)\nprint(tup)\n
    Output
    <class 'generator'>\n(0, 1, 4, 9, 16)\n

    \u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u4f60\u9810\u671f\u7684\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7522\u751f\u5668(Generator)\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528tuple()\u4f86\u8f49\u63db\u3002

    \u81f3\u65bc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u7528\u7522\u751f\u5668(Generator)\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u8ddf\u4f60\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u53c8\u6316\u5751\u4e86\u3002

    \u90a3\u9ebc\u52a0\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4e58\u6cd5\u5462?\u8ddf\u4e32\u5217(List)\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u52a0\u6cd5\u4f86\u5408\u4f75\u5169\u500b\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u4f86\u8907\u88fd\u5e8f\u5c0d\u3002

    a = (1, 2, 3)\nb = 4, 5, 6\nc = a + b\nprint(c)\n\nd = a * 2 + b\nprint(d)\n
    Output
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)\n(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#operations","title":"Operations","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#accessing_elements","title":"Accessing elements","text":"

    \u8ddf\u4e32\u5217(List)\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8ca0\u7d22\u5f15\u4f86\u5f9e\u5f8c\u5b58\u53d6\u3002

    t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nprint(t[0], t[-1])\n
    Output
    1 5\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#slicing","title":"Slicing","text":"

    \u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5207\u7247\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5c0d\u3002

    t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nprint(t[1:3])\nprint(t[:3])\nprint(t[3:])\nprint(t[:])\n
    Output
    (2, 3)\n(1, 2, 3)\n(4, 5)\n(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#modifying_elements","title":"Modifying elements","text":"

    \u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684(immutable)\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6298\u8877\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5566\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5e8f\u5c0d\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u518d\u8f49\u63db\u56de\u4f86\u3002

    cat_tup = (\"\ud83d\ude38\", \"\ud83d\ude3a\", \"\ud83d\ude3b\", [\"\ud83d\ude3f\", \"\ud83d\ude40\"])\n\ncat_lst = list(cat_tup)\ncat_lst[1] = \"\ud83d\ude3c\"\ncat_tup = tuple(cat_lst)\nprint(cat_tup)\n\ncat_tup[3][0] = \"\ud83d\ude3e\"\nprint(cat_tup)\n\ncat_tup[1] = \"\ud83d\ude3d\"\nprint(cat_tup)\n
    Output
    ('\ud83d\ude38', '\ud83d\ude3c', '\ud83d\ude3b', ['\ud83d\ude3f', '\ud83d\ude40'])\n('\ud83d\ude38', '\ud83d\ude3c', '\ud83d\ude3b', ['\ud83d\ude3e', '\ud83d\ude40'])\nTypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n

    \u4f46\u4f60\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u89ba\u5f97\u602a\u602a\u7684\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u5462?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#checking_elements","title":"Checking elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 in \u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u8ddf\u4e32\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002

    fib = (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8)\nprint(0 not in fib)\nprint(5 in fib)\n
    Output
    False\nTrue\n

    Question

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\) \u7684\u7121\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u591a\u5c11\u6b21?

    \u53c8\u662f\u719f\u6089\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#methods","title":"Methods","text":"

    \u56e0\u70ba\u5e8f\u5c0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684(immutable)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662fcount()\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662findex()\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#count","title":"count","text":"

    count() \u6703\u56de\u50b3\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u7576\u7136 List \u4e5f\u6709\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6c34\u5167\u5bb9(X

    t = ((1, 2), (3, 4), 6, 6, [7, 8])\nprint(t.count(1))\nprint(t.count([7, 8]))\nprint(t.count(6))\n
    Output
    0\n1\n2\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#index","title":"index","text":"

    index() \u6703\u56de\u50b3\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0cList \u4e5f\u6709\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    t = (\"Love Me Again\", \"John Newman\", 2013)\nprint(t.index(\"John Newman\"))\nprint(t.index(2014))\n
    Output
    1\nValueError: tuple.index(x): x not in tuple\n

    John Newman - Love Me Again

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#tuple_vs_list","title":"Tuple vs List","text":"

    \u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u53ef\u96dc\u6e4a\u7684(hashable)\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5728\u5b57\u5178(Dict)\u9019\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ddf\u4f60\u8aaa\u660e\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_AR04-\u6613] \u908a\u7de3\u5075\u6e2c

    Reference code 

    N = int(input())\n\ndirs = ((0, 1), (0, -1), (1, 0), (-1, 0))\n\nfor k in range(N):\n    n, m = map(int, input().split())\n    pic = []\n    for _ in range(n):\n        pic.append(input().split())\n\n    for i in range(n):\n        for j in range(m):\n            if pic[i][j] == '0':\n                print('_ ', end='')\n            else:\n                is_edge = False\n                for d in dirs:\n                    x, y = i + d[0], j + d[1]\n                    if 0 <= x < n and 0 <= y < m and pic[x][y] == '0':\n                        is_edge = True\n                        break\n                if is_edge:\n                    print('0 ', end='')\n                else:\n                    print('_ ', end='')\n        print()\n\n    if k != N - 1:\n        print()\n
    \u65b9\u5411 dirs \u5c31\u5f88\u9069\u7528\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4f86\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u8b8a\u52d5\u3002

    \u672a\u4f86\u5728\u5b78\u5716\u5f62\u8d70\u8a2a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u5beb\u6cd5\u3002

    \u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c \u8ff4\u5708\u8b8a\u6578 _ \u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6368\u68c4\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u914d\u5408\u8ff4\u5708\u8a9e\u6cd5\u800c\u5df2\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_AR119-\u6613] \u5730\u96f7\u5371\u96aa\u6307\u6578\u8868

    Itsa - [C_AR139-\u6613] \u9ec3\u91d1\u63a2\u6e2c

    Itsa - [C-AR140-\u6613] \u6c42\u6700\u5927\u7ce7\u98df\u7522\u91cf

    @EditTime : 2024-02-04 21:15

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/","title":"Variable and Input","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/#variable","title":"Variable","text":"

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u600e\u9ebc\u4f7f\u7528\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f38\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002

    x = 4843\nprint(x)\n\nx = \"Memory Reboot\"\nprint(x)\n\nx = '4843'\nprint(x)\n

    \u6216\u8a31\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u795e\u5947\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc x \u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u6703\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002

    \u518d\u4f86\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b old-school \u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07 x \u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7bb1\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u7b49\u865f\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u300c\u503c\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u7bb1\u5b50\u88e1\u88dd\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u7bb1\u5b50\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa x \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u5462?

    \u4f46\u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u5fd8\u6389\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u80fd\u5920\u7406\u89e3\uff0cx \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u800c = \u662f\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50(Assignment Operator)\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u5c07\u7b49\u865f\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u6771\u897f\u6307\u6d3e\u7d66\u7b49\u865f\u5de6\u908a\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa x \u6703\u6307\u5411\u7b49\u865f\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u7269\u4ef6(Object)\u3002

    Quote

    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u4ef6\u3002

    \u8acb\u89c0\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u52d5\u756b\u3002

    V\u00d8J, Narvent - Memory Reboot (4K Music Video)

    \u518d\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u985e\u578b\u3002

    a = 114514\nprint(type(a))\nb = 1919810.0\nprint(type(b))\nc = 10e3\nprint(type(c))\nd = \"cheung4843\"\nprint(type(d))\ne = True\nprint(type(e))\nf = False\nprint(type(f))\nh = None\nprint(type(h))\n
    type \u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u6771\u897f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u985e\u5225(Class)\u3002

    b \u8207 c \u90fd\u662f\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578(Float)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u6578\u9ede\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u800c d \u5247\u662f\u5b57\u4e32\uff0ce \u8207 f \u5247\u662f\u5e03\u6797(Boolean)\uff0c\u800c h \u5247\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\u3002

    Note

    1. type(x) \u56de\u50b3 x \u7684\u985e\u5225\u3002
    2. int \u6574\u6578\u3002
    3. float \u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u3002
    4. str \u5b57\u4e32\u3002
    5. bool \u5e03\u6797\u3002
    6. None \u7a7a\u503c\u3002

    Question

    1. print(type(3 + 4.0)) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    2. print(type(3 + True)) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?

    @EditTime : 2024-01-27 16:44

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/#input","title":"Input","text":"

    \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u60f3\u8981\u4fee\u6539 x \u88e1\u9762\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u90fd\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u55ce?\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4f86\u8f38\u5165\u5462?

    x = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(x))\ny = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nz = int(x) + int(y)\nprint(\"The sum is: \", z)\n

    \u5594\u5e79\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u591a\u51fa\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5225\u614c\uff0c\u6211\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u56de\u60f3\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u7bc0\u4e2d\u5b78\u904e\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe input, int, \u90fd\u662f\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002\u800c input \u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u6703\u986f\u793a\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u8981\u8f38\u5165\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0cint \u5247\u662f\u628a\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7684\u985e\u5225\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u3002

    \u90a3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5370\u51fatype(x) \u5f97\u5230 <class 'str'> \u5462?\u4ee3\u8868 x \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba input \u7e3d\u662f\u5c07\u4f60\u8f38\u5165\u9032\u4f86\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7576\u6210\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8b93 z = x + y \u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u5f0f\u5b50\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7528 int \u4f86\u5c07\u5b57\u4e32\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u518d\u9032\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462?

    x = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(x))\ny = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nz = x + y\nprint(\"The sum is: \", z)\n

    \u6c92\u932f\uff0c\u5b57\u4e32\u7684\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u90a3\u4f60\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\u76f8\u6e1b?

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u505a\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u9806\u4fbf\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e00\u4e0b f-string 

    a = 3.5\nb = int(a)\nprint(f'The value of b is {b}, and its type is {type(b)}')\nc = float(b)\nprint(f'The value of c is {c}, and its type is {type(c)}')\nprint(b == c)\n

    \u90a3 f-string \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u5462?\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b57\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u5316(String Formatting)\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u5c07\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684 {} \u66ff\u63db\u6210\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002

    \u800c\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe b \u8207 c \u7684\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u503c\u537b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba int() \u8207 float() \u90fd\u662f\u5c07\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u8207\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\uff0c\u800c int() \u6703\u5c07\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u7684\u5c0f\u6578\u9ede\u6368\u53bb\uff0c\u800c float() \u5247\u6703\u5c07\u6574\u6578\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u3002

    \u90a3\u9ebc b == c \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\u5462?\u5176\u4e2d == \u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50(Comparison Operator)\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u7b49\u865f\u5de6\u53f3\u5169\u908a\u7684\u6771\u897f\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5247\u56de\u50b3 True\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u56de\u50b3 False\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/#multiple_input","title":"Multiple Input","text":"

    \u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u8f38\u5165\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4f86\u9694\u958b\u5462? \u4f46\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5f0f : 

    a, b = \"Hello World\".split()\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n

    \u6211\u77e5\u9053\u602a\u602a\u7684\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b57\u4e32\u5f8c\u9762\u63a5\u4e86\u4e00\u500b .split() \u5462?\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4ed6\u5f88\u50cf\u662f\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u53eb\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462?\u4ed6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \"Hello World\" \u9019\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5(Method)\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u4f86\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6703\u807d\u5230\u985e\u5225\u65b9\u6cd5(Class Method)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975c\u614b\u65b9\u6cd5(Static Method) \u7b49\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u6211\u6015\u4f60\u6703\u641e\u6df7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u5c31\u5148\u8a8d\u9017\u9ede\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u662f\u300c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002

    \u800c .split() \u6703\u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u4ee5\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4f86\u5207\u5272\u5b57\u4e32\u4e26\u56de\u50b3(\u90a3\u4f60\u60f3\u60f3\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u6c92\u653e\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6703\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc?)\uff0c\u800c\u770b\u770b\u7b49\u865f\u5de6\u908a\uff0c\u6211\u7528 a, b \u53bb\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba\u958b\u7bb1(Unpacking)

    \u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u80fd\u770b\u61c2\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba input() \u4e5f\u6703\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u7528 .split() 

    a, b = input().split()\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n

    Note

    1. input() \u63a5\u53d7\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
    2. int(x) \u5c07 x \u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u3002
    3. float(x) \u5c07 x \u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u3002
    4. str.split() \u4ee5\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4f86\u5207\u5272\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-25 22:13

    Question

    1. print(int(input()) + int(input())) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    2. 124.spilt(\"1\") \u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u55ce?
    3. bool(0) \u8207 bool(1) \u6703\u56de\u50b3\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    4. \u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0ca \u8207 b \u6210\u529f\u4e92\u63db\u4e86\u5462?
    a, b = 4, 5\nprint(a, b)\na, b = b, a\nprint(a, b)\n
    a, b = 4, 5\nprint(a, b)\ntmp = a\na = b\nb = tmp\nprint(a, b)\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-25 22:17

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5b78\u5230\u4e86:

    Info

    1. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 print() \u8207 input()\u3002
    2. \u77e5\u9053\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
    3. \u77e5\u9053 type(x) \u8207 int(x), float(x) \u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002
    4. \u77e5\u9053 str.split() \u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002
    5. \u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 f-string\u3002

    \u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u4e86\u3002

    ZeroJudge - a001. \u54c8\u56c9

    Reference code 
    word = input()\nprint(f'hello, {word}')\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-27 17:02

    "},{"location":"blog/archive/2024/","title":"2024","text":""},{"location":"blog/category/blog/","title":"Blog","text":""}]} \ No newline at end of file +{"config":{"lang":["en"],"separator":"[\\s\\u200b\\u3000\\-\u3001\u3002\uff0c\uff0e\uff1f\uff01\uff1b]+","pipeline":["stemmer"]},"docs":[{"location":"","title":"Hello LMcps Book!","text":""},{"location":"#welcome_to_lmcps","title":"Welcome to LMcps!","text":"

    \u9ece\u660e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e(LMcps)\u5275\u7acb\u65bc2018\u5e74\uff0c\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u70ba\u674e\u60e0\u6587\u8001\u5e2b\u3002

    \u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u6253\u958b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6697\u8272\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

    print(\"Hello LMcps Book!\")\nprint(\"Welcome to LMcps!\")\n
    "},{"location":"#why_does_it_start","title":"Why does it start?","text":"

    \u57282024/1/25\uff0c\u662f\u75ab\u60c5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6b77\u5c46\u793e\u54e1\u8fd4\u56de\u6bcd\u6821\u8207\u5b78\u5f1f\u59b9\u5011\u5206\u4eab\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u8001\u5e2b\u53ca\u5b78\u5f1f\u59b9\u5011\u4ea4\u6d41\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7a98\u56f0\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u96d6\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6613\u5165\u9580\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5beb\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5716\u7247\u53ca\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8b93\u5b78\u5f1f\u59b9\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u9580\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002

    "},{"location":"#content","title":"Content","text":"

    \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u61c9\u7528\u9762\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5be6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u5e36\u4f60\u6253\u7af6\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e36\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5be6\u4f5c\u8a9e\u8a00\u4ee5Python\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u5c11\u6578C++\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002

    "},{"location":"#wait_to_be_done","title":"Wait to be done","text":"
    1. \u5fc3\u5f97\u5206\u4eab\u5c08\u5340
    2. \u5c08\u696d\u7528\u8a9e
    "},{"location":"#contributors","title":"Contributors","text":""},{"location":"license/","title":"License","text":"

    MIT License

    Copyright (c) 2023 Cheung4843

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

    "},{"location":"blog/","title":"Blog","text":""},{"location":"blog/2024/02/06/hello-blog-/","title":"Hello Blog !","text":"

    Hi, this is a test post.

    For the better experience of the development, I think recording the process of the development is a good idea.

    If you are interested in the project, you can follow the blog to get the latest information about the project.

    Also, plaease contact me if you wanna join the project. I am looking forward to working with you.

    "},{"location":"fundamental/","title":"Fundamental","text":"

    \u9019\u88e1\u5c07\u6703\u6559\u4f60\u57fa\u790e\u7684Python\u8207C++\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/","title":"C++","text":"

    \u6211\u662fc++\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b46\u8005bloodnighttw\uff0c\u6211\u9810\u8a08\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u4e0b\u5217\u5e7e\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff0c\u4e26\u76e1\u91cf\u4ee5\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5beb\u51fa\u5167\u5bb9\u3002

    1. \u74b0\u5883\u67b6\u8a2d
    2. Hello world (\u57fa\u672c\u8f38\u51fa\u5165)
    3. \u578b\u614b\u3001\u8b8a\u6578\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u904b\u7b97
    4. \u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236
    5. \u8ff4\u5708
    6. \u51fd\u5f0f
    7. struct & class
    8. \u6307\u6a19\u8207\u53c3\u7167
    9. standard template libary

    \u5982\u679c\u5728\u64b0\u5beb\u4e0a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bc4\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u5230 bbeenn1227@gmail.com \u6216\u8005 emails@bntw.dev \u4f86\u505a\u8a62\u554f(\u4e0d\u904e\u8acb\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5ffd\u7565)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u66f4\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u7684discord\u8a62\u554f\u6211\u3002

    \u6b64\u9023\u7d50\u70ba\u9ece\u660e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e\u7684discord\u7fa4\u7d44\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e4b\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5tag @bloodnighttw\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u4e14\u6709\u6642\u9593\u6211\u90fd\u6703\u76e1\u91cf\u5e6b\u4f60\u56de\u7b54\u3002

    \u53e6\u5916\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u932f\u5b57\u6216\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8acb\u767cissues\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u518d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u5f8c\u9069\u6642\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u4fee\u6b63\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/","title":"0. \u74b0\u5883\u67b6\u8a2d","text":"

    \u6b63\u6240\u8b02\u5de5\u6b32\u5584\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u5fc5\u5148\u5229\u5176\u5668\uff0c\u6b64\u7ae0\u6211\u5011\u5206\u5225\u6703\u5728\u5206\u5225\u8b1b\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u5728windows\u3001macos\u4e0a\u5b89\u88dd\u76f8\u95dc\u5957\u4ef6\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u9810\u8a08\u8981\u4f7f\u7528GNU C++ Compiler\u9032\u884c\u7de8\u8b6f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528Visual studio code + clangd\u8207c++11\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u8a73\u8ff0\u5b89\u88dd\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002

    \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u50cf\u662fdev c++\u3001codeblock\u9019\u985e\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u820a\u7248\u7684dev c++\u9810\u8a2d\u6c92\u6709\u555f\u7528c++11\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5728\u8a2d\u5b9a\u88e1\u9762\u5c0b\u627e\u958b\u555f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#windows","title":"Windows","text":"

    GNU C++ Compiler (G++)\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u652f\u63f4Windows\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528wsl2\u6216\u8005\u5225\u4eba\u7528\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u7248\u672c\u9032\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5b89\u88dd\u5225\u4eba\u5beb\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u7248\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#1mingw","title":"1.\u4e0b\u8f09\u4e26\u5b89\u88ddmingw","text":"
    1. \u524d\u5f80\u9019\u500b\u9023\u7d50\u5b89\u88ddmingw
    2. \u52fe\u9078 mingw32-gcc-g++
    3. installation > apply change

    4. \u6309\u4e0bapply\u5b89\u88dd

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#2","title":"2. \u52a0\u5165\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578","text":"
    1. \u5c0b\u627e\u5b89\u88dd\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u5b89\u88dd\u5728C:\\MinGW\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u88e1\u9762\u7684bin\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\uff0c\u9ede\u9032\u53bb\u4e26\u8907\u88fd\u8def\u5f91\u3002
    2. \u641c\u5c0b\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u53bb\u7de8\u8f2f\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578\u3002

    3. \u9ede\u5165 \u9032\u968e >\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u4e26\u5728Path\u4e2d\u8cbc\u4e0a\u525b\u624d\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#3","title":"3. \u6e2c\u8a66\u6307\u4ee4","text":"

    \u958b\u555f\u63d0\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u5143\u5f8c\uff0c\u6253\u5165g++ -v\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7248\u672c\u8a0a\u606f\u4ee3\u8868\u5b89\u88dd\u6210\u529f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#macos","title":"macOS","text":"

    macos\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u63d0\u4f9bclangd\u4f5c\u70ba\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u88ddxcode\u5f8c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981GNU C++ Compiler\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#1homwbrew","title":"1.\u5b89\u88ddhomwbrew\u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5668","text":"

    \u6839\u64da\u5b98\u7db2\u7684\u6307\u793a\u5b89\u88ddhomebrew\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#2g","title":"2.\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5b89\u88ddg++\u5957\u4ef6","text":"
    1. \u5148\u4f7f\u7528brew search gcc\u641c\u5c0b\u76f8\u95dc\u5957\u4ef6
    2. \u4f7f\u7528 brew install gcc\u5b89\u88ddCompiler
    3. \u4f7f\u7528gcc-13 -v\u6216g++-13\u78ba\u8a8d\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u5b89\u88dd

    Warning

    \u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728macos\u4e0a\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684g++\u6307\u4ee4\u70baclang\u800c\u4e0d\u662fGNU C++ Compiler\uff0c\u8acb\u6539\u4f7f\u7528g++-XX \u4f86\u64cd\u4f5cg++\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#visual_studio_code","title":"Visual Studio Code","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#1_visual_studio_code","title":"1. \u5b89\u88ddVisual Studio Code","text":"

    \u524d\u5f80\u9019\u500b\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0b\u8f09\u5c6c\u65bc\u4f60\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684visual studio code\u5b89\u88dd\u6a94\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#2_extension","title":"2. \u5b89\u88dd extension","text":"
    1. \u9ede\u5165extension\u9801\u9762\u5206\u5225\u5b89\u88ddC/C++ clangd \u9019\u5169\u500bextension\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u555fvscode
    2. \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u8acb\u6309\u4e0b Disable Intellisence
    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/create_env/#_1","title":"\u5176\u4ed6","text":"

    \u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u5b57\u9ad4\u975e\u7b49\u5bec\uff0c\u8acb\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u7b49\u5bec\u5b57\u9ad4\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7b49\u5bec\u5b57\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u66f4\u4f73\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/","title":"1. Hello World","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#hello_world","title":"Hello World (\u8f38\u51fa)","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_1","title":"\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65","text":"

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8acb\u5728vscode (Visual studio code)\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70bahello_world.cpp\uff0c\u4e26\u6253\u5165\u4e0b\u5217\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002 

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    cout << \"hello world!\" << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n
    \u78ba\u8a8d\u597d\u5b58\u6a94\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6309\u9375\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u6210\u529f\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u5beb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002

    \u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#hello_world_1","title":"Hello World\u7a0b\u5f0f\u89e3\u91cb","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7a0d\u5fae\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5148\u5225\u6015\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ea\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5230:

    1. \u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5f9eint main(){......}\u88e1\u9762\u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\u7684
    2. \u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6709\u500breturn 0; \u4ee3\u8868\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6210\u529f\u7d50\u675f\u3002

    \u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u884c:

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    cout << \"hello world!\" << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    \u9019\u908a\u6709\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628acout\u7576\u6210\u96fb\u8166\u87a2\u5e55\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5370\u8868\u6a5f\uff0c\u628a<<\u7576\u6210\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u7bad\u982d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u9019\u6bb5\u5b57\u50b3\u7d66\u96fb\u8166\u5370\u51fa\u3002

    \u9019\u908a\u7684endl\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u63db\u884c\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u900f\u904e<<\u50b3\u7d66\u96fb\u8166\u87a2\u5e55\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5370\u8868\u6a5f\u3002

    \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u5beb\u6cd5

    \u9019\u908a\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u63db\u884c\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u719f\u6089\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u505a\u8aaa\u660e\u3002

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    cout << \"hello world!\\n\";\n    return 0;\n}\n
    \\n\u70ba\u63db\u884c\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u5728\u5b57\u5143\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5b57\u5143\u6703\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u6703\u4ee5\\\u958b\u982d\uff0c\u9023\u7d50\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u8df3\u812b\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u7d30\u5fc3\u5982\u4f60\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u53c8\u8981\u63d0\u554f\u4e86\uff0c\u5206\u865f;\u53c8\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f

    \u5206\u865f;\u662f\u544a\u8a34\u96fb\u8166\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u8ddf\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u6216\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u5206\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u9023\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u9019\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u3002

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    cout << \"hello world!\\n\"; cout << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    Danger

    \u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u5efa\u8b70\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u719f\u7df4\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6392\u7248\uff0c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8b80\u8d77\u4f86\u6703\u975e\u5e38\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u521d\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u5bb9\u6613\u8aa4\u89e3\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_2","title":"\u52a0\u5165\u8b8a\u6578 (\u8f38\u5165)","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_3","title":"\u8b80\u53d6\u5b57\u4e32","text":"
    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    string str;\n    cin >> str;\n    cout << str << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    \u6309\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6253\u5165\u96a8\u4fbf\u4e00\u4e32\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u6309\u4e0benter\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4f60\u6253\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u88ab\u5370\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_4","title":"\u8b80\u53d6\u6578\u5b57","text":"

    \u5047\u5982\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5247\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6539\u6210\u9019\u6a23:

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int temp;\n    cin >> temp;\n    cout << temp << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    \u6309\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6253\u5165\u96a8\u4fbf\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u6309\u4e0benter\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4f60\u6253\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u6578\u5b57\u88ab\u5370\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

    Info

    \u5982\u679c\u4eca\u5929\u6253\u5165\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u8ddf\u6253\u5165\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6ea2\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8ac7\u5230\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_5","title":"\u8f38\u5165\u7a0b\u5f0f\u89e3\u91cb","text":"

    \u6b63\u5982cout\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628acin\u7576\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u9375\u76e4\uff0c\u900f\u904e>>\u544a\u8a34\u96fb\u8166\u5f9e\u9375\u76e4\u8f38\u5165\u81f3\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u3002

    \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8aa4\u5340

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5beb\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a 

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int temp1,temp2;\n    cin << temp1 << temp2;\n    cout << temp1 << \"!=\" << temp2 << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    \u6b64\u6642\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u7121\u6cd5\u7de8\u8b6f\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4f60\u7684cin\u7684<<\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u662f>>\u624d\u5c0d \u3002

    \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a

    1. cout\u7684<< \u65b9\u5411\u932f\u8aa4 
      #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int temp1,temp2;\n    cin >> temp1 >> temp2;\n    cout >> temp1 >> temp2;\n    return 0;\n}\n

    2. cout\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u932f\u8aa4 

      #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    \"error\" >> cout;\n    return 0;\n}\n
      cout \u53ea\u80fd\u653e\u5728\u5de6\u908a\u554a\u3002

    3. cin\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u932f\u8aa4 

      #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int a;\n    a << cin;\n    return 0;\n}\n
      \u539f\u56e0\u540c\u4e0a\uff0ccin\u53ea\u80fd\u653e\u5728\u5de6\u908a\u554a\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_6","title":"\u9023\u7e8c\u8b80\u53d6\u6578\u5b57/\u5b57\u4e32","text":"

    \u5047\u5982\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5247\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6539\u6210\u9019\u6a23\u3002

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    int temp1;\n    string temp2;\n    cin >> temp1 >> temp2;\n    cout << temp1 << \"!=\" << temp2 << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n
    input
    1234 4321\n
    output
    1234!=4321\n

    \u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0ccin\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u8005\u63db\u884c\u4f86\u5206\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u8b80\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u4e0b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#_7","title":"\u8b80\u53d6\u4e00\u884c","text":"

    \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dtemp2\u8acb\u6539\u6210\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002

    #include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(){\n    string temp2;\n    getline(cin,temp2);\n    cout << temp2 << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/cpp/hello_world/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5b78\u5230\u4e86:

    Info

    1. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 cout\u8207cin
    2. \u63a5\u89f8\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002

    \u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u4e86\u3002

    ZeroJudge - a001. \u54c8\u56c9

    Reference code 
    #include <iostream>\n\nint main(){\n    string word;\n    cin >> word;\n    cout << \"hello, \" << word << endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/","title":"Python","text":"

    \u55e8\uff0c\u6211\u662f @cheung4843\uff0c\u662fPython\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u57fa\u790e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6703\u6559\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u8a73\u7d30\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u5c07\u6703\u4ee5\u9ec3\u8272\u8207\u7da0\u8272\u6a19\u793a\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u7a0d\u5fae\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e5f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u7ae0\u7bc0\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u3002

    \u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u7bc0\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u7b46\u8a18\u5340\u4ee5\u53ca\u554f\u984c\u5340\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u554f\u984c\u5340\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u597d\u597d\u601d\u8003\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u5f8c\u90fd\u6703\u653e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7df4\u7fd2\u984c\uff0c\u8acb\u5617\u8a66\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u5011!

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/classes/","title":"Classes","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/classes/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/","title":"Dictionaries","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u672c\u4e3b\u984c\u4e2d\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\uff1a\u5b57\u5178(Dictionaries)\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u9375(Key)\u548c\u503c(Value)\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d93\u7531\u9375\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u503c\uff0c\u9375\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684(immutable)\uff0c\u800c\u503c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u578b\u614b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002

    Question

    1. \u5e8f\u5c0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70ba\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u9375\u55ce?
    2. \u4e32\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70ba\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u9375\u55ce?
    3. \u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70ba\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u503c\u55ce?

    \u7559\u7d66\u4f60\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u99ac\u4e0a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#create_a_dictionary","title":"Create a Dictionary","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528{}\u3001dict() \u6216\u8005 Comprehension \u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5178\u3002

    scores = {\"Compiler\": 100, \"AWS\": 95, \"Data Science\": 92}\nprint(scores)\n\n# when keys are strings, using keyword arguments\ndirections = dict(North=\"\u2191\", South=\"\u2193\", East=\"\u2192\", West=\"\u2190\")\nprint(directions)\n\ncapital = dict([(\"Taiwan\", \"Taipei\"), (\"Japan\", \"Tokyo\"), (\"Korea\", \"Seoul\")])\nprint(capital)\n\n# comprehension\ncube = {x: x ** 3 for x in range(-2, 3)}\nprint(cube)\n
    Output
    {'Compiler': 100, 'AWS': 95, 'Data Science': 92}\n{'North': '\u2191', 'South': '\u2193', 'East': '\u2192', 'West': '\u2190'}\n{'Taiwan': 'Taipei', 'Japan': 'Tokyo', 'Korea': 'Seoul'}\n{-2: -8, -1: -1, 0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 8}\n

    \u90a3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8aaa\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5462?\u4f60\u591a\u57f7\u884c\u5e7e\u6b21\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u8207\u4f60\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u55ce?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#operations","title":"Operations","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#accessing_and_modifying_elements","title":"Accessing and Modifying elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9375\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9375\u4f86\u4fee\u6539\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9375\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u5f97\u5230 KeyError\u3002

    recent_listening = {\"King Gnu\": \"\u98db\u884c\u8247\"}\nprint(recent_listening[\"King Gnu\"])\n\nrecent_listening[\"King Gnu\"] = \"SPECIALZ\"\nprint(recent_listening[\"King Gnu\"])\n\nrecent_listening[\"HEALTH\"] = \"Blue Monday\"\nprint(recent_listening[\"HEALTH\"])\n\nprint(recent_listening[\"ALI\"])\n
    Output
    \u98db\u884c\u8247\nSPECIALZ\nBlue Monday\nKeyError: 'ALI'\n

    King Gnu - \u98db\u884c\u8247

    Blue Monday

    \u90a3\u9ebc\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u6aa2\u67e5\u9375\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5462?\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 in \u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u932f\u8aa4\u3002

    recent_listening = {\"King Gnu\": \"\u98db\u884c\u8247\"}\n\nprint(\"King Gnu\" in recent_listening)\nprint(\"ALI\" in recent_listening)\n
    Output
    True\nFalse\n

    Question

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\) \u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5e7e\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u9375\u5b58\u5728?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#removing_elements","title":"Removing elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 del \u4f86\u522a\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u9019\u9663\u5b50\u90fd\u4e0d\u5beb Java \u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a Java \u5f9e\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u522a\u9664\u3002

    my_love = {\"python\": 100, \"Java\": 70, \"Js\": 60}\nprint(my_love)\n\ndel my_love[\"Java\"]\nprint(my_love)\n
    Output
    {'python': 100, 'Java': 70, 'Js': 60}\n{'python': 100, 'Js': 60}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#iterating","title":"Iterating","text":"

    \u76f4\u63a5\u4f86\u770b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5427\u3002

    my_love = {\"python\": 100, \"Java\": 70, \"Js\": 60}\n\nfor key in my_love:\n    print(key, my_love[key])\n
    Output
    python 100\nJava 70\nJs 60\n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u9375\u6216\u8005\u503c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 keys() \u6216\u8005 values()\u3002

    my_love = {\"python\": 100, \"Java\": 70, \"Js\": 60}\n\nfor key in my_love.keys():\n    print(key)\n\nprint(my_love.keys())\n\nfor value in my_love.values():\n    print(value)\n\nprint(list(my_love.values()))\n
    Output
    python\nJava\nJs\ndict_keys(['python', 'Java', 'Js'])\n100\n70\n60\n[100, 70, 60]\n

    \u90a3\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u540c\u6642\u53d6\u5f97\u9375\u548c\u503c\u5462?\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 items()\u3002

    my_cat = {\"name\": \"Fat Orange\", \"age\": 12, \"is_cute\": True}\n\nfor key, value in my_cat.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n
    Output
    name: Fat Orange\nage: 12\nis_cute: True\n

    \u6211\u611b\u6211\u7684\u6a58\u8c93\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#methods","title":"Methods","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#get","title":"get","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 get() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9375\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\uff0c\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5594\u3002

    my_info = {'name': 'Sean', 'age': 20, 'hobbies': ['coding', 'working out']}\nprint(my_info['name'])\nprint(my_info.get('hobbies')[1])\n\n# print(my_info['is_handsome']) # This will cause an error\nprint(my_info.get('is_handsome', 'Of course I am!'))\n
    Output
    Sean\nworking out\nOf course I am!\n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u89ba\u5f97\u6211\u81ea\u6200\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#pop","title":"pop","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 pop() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u522a\u9664\u8a72\u9375\u503c\u5c0d\u3002

    my_info = {'name': 'Sean', 'age': 20, 'hobbies': ['coding', 'working out']}\nprint(my_info.pop('age'))\nprint(my_info)\n
    Output
    20\n{'name': 'Sean', 'hobbies': ['coding', 'working out']}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#clear","title":"clear","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 clear() \u4f86\u6e05\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u3002

    my_info = {'name': 'Sean', 'age': 20, 'hobbies': ['coding', 'working out']}\nmy_info.clear()\nprint(my_info)\n
    Output
    {}\n

    umm... \u518d\u904e\u4e0d\u4e45\u6211\u5c31\u8981 21 \u6b72\u4e86\u3002

    \u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u5920\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u67e5 Docs \u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u56c9~

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_ST19-\u6613] \u6642\u9593\u8f49\u63db

    Reference code 

    n = int(input())\n\ntime_diff = {\"TW\": 0, \"JA\": 60, \"USE\": -720, \"USC\": -780, \"USW\": -840, \"UK\": -480}\n\nfor _ in range(n):\n    time, cur, to = input().split()\n    minutes = int(time[:2]) * 60 + int(time[3:])\n    minutes += time_diff[to] - time_diff[cur]\n\n    if minutes < 0:\n        minutes += 1440\n    minutes %= 1440\n\n    h, m = divmod(minutes, 60)\n    print(f\"{h:02d}{m:02d} {to}\")\n
    \u4e00\u5f8b\u5148\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u518d\u9032\u884c\u6642\u5340\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5c0f\u6642\u548c\u5206\u9418\u3002

    divmod \u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u5546\u8207\u9918\u6578\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/dictionaries/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_AR111-\u6613] \u5c0d\u8a71\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba

    Itsa - [C_AR152-\u6613] \u6b63\u6574\u6578\u7d71\u8a08

    Tip

    sorted() and key

    Itsa - [C_AR42-\u6613] \u904e\u534a\u5143\u7d20

    Itsa - [C_AR188-\u6613] \u9663\u5217\u5143\u7d20

    Tip

    \u9664\u4e86\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u4f86\u89e3\u984c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b78 Boyer\u2013Moore majority vote algorithm

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/","title":"Functions","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u5f80\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u56de\u60f3 Repetition Structures - Nested Loop \u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50:

    \u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u6574\u6578 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa \\([1, n]\\) \u9593\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8cea\u6578\u3002

    n = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(n, 0, -1):\n    is_prime = True\n    for j in range(2, i):\n        if i % j == 0:\n            is_prime = False\n            break\n\n    if is_prime:\n        print(f\"{i} is the largest prime in [1, {n}]\")\n        break\n

    \u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u592a\u9577\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0d\u5920\u6e05\u6670\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5224\u65b7\u8cea\u6578\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u62bd\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u4ed6\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f:

    def is_prime(x):\n    for i in range(2, x):\n        if x % i == 0:\n            return False\n    return True\n\n\nn = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(n, 0, -1):\n    if is_prime(i):\n        print(f\"{i} is the largest prime in [1, {n}]\")\n        break\n

    \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u597d\u8655\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u91cd\u8907\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u66f4\u52a0\u7c21\u6f54\u3002

    \u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5c01\u88dd\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u6574\u6578 \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u56de\u50b3 \\([1, n]\\) \u9593\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8cea\u6578\u5462?

    def is_prime(x):\n    for i in range(2, x):\n        if x % i == 0:\n            return False\n    return True\n\n\ndef largest_prime(n):\n    for i in range(n, 0, -1):\n        if is_prime(i):\n            return i\n\n\nn = int(input())\n\nprint(f\"{largest_prime(n)} is the largest prime in [1, {n}]\")\n

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9577\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u51fd\u5f0f\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5206\u5272\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002

    \u9019\u500b\u5f15\u5b50\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#define_a_function","title":"Define a Function","text":"

    \u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u4ee5 def \u958b\u982d\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u63a5\u8457\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u53c3\u6578(Parameter)\uff0c\u7e2e\u6392\u5167\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u5426\u8981\u5728\u51fd\u5f0f\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a return \u4f86\u56de\u50b3\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f\u5247\u6703\u56de\u50b3 None\u3002

    \u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f greet\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u500b\u53c3\u6578 name\uff0c\u4e26\u5370\u51fa Hello, {name}:

    def greet(name):\n    print(f\"Hello, {name}\")\n\n\nprint(greet(\"World\"))\n
    Output
    Hello, World\nNone\n

    greet(\"World\") \u6703\u5148\u5370\u51fa Hello, World\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u56de\u50b3 None\u3002

    \u5b57\u4e32 \"World\" \u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5f15\u6578(Argument)\uff0c\u800c name \u5247\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u53c3\u6578(Parameter)\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u592a\u62d8\u6ce5\u3002

    \u518d\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f freq(x) \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u5b57\u4e32 x \uff0c\u56de\u50b3 0-9 \u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e8f\u5c0d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u56de\u50b3:

    def freq(x: str) -> tuple:\n    table = [0] * 10\n    for digit in x:\n        table[int(digit)] += 1\n\n    return tuple(table)\n\n\na, b = \"114514\", \"111445\"\nprint(freq(a) == freq(b))\n
    Output
    True\n

    \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53c3\u6578\u5f8c\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a : \u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u578b\u5225\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u51fd\u5f0f\u5f8c\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a -> \u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u56de\u50b3\u503c\u7684\u578b\u5225\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#default_argument_values","title":"Default Argument Values","text":"

    \u6709\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5e0c\u671b\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u6709\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5728\u547c\u53eb\u51fd\u5f0f\u6642\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u586b\u5165\u5f15\u6578\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f max_of(x, k=1) \u63a5\u53d7\u5169\u500b\u53c3\u6578 x \u4e32\u5217\u8207 k \u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u56de\u50b3 x \u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u56de\u50b3\uff0c\u800c k \u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u70ba 1:

    def max_of(x: list[int], k=1):\n    return sorted(x, reverse=True)[:k]\n\n\ny = [4, 8, 5, 3, 9]\nprint(max_of(y))\nprint(max_of(y, 2))\nprint(max_of(y, k=3))\n
    Output
    [9]\n[9, 8]\n[9, 8, 5]\n

    \u518d\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f weight_score(math, english, programming, math_weight=0.25, english_weight=0.25, programming_weight=0.5) \u63a5\u53d7\u4e09\u500b\u53c3\u6578 math, english, programming \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u500b\u9810\u8a2d\u503c math_weight=0.25, english_weight=0.25, programming_weight=0.5\uff0c\u56de\u50b3\u52a0\u6b0a\u5206\u6578:

    def weight_score(math, english, programming, math_weight=0.25, english_weight=0.25, programming_weight=0.5):\n    return math * math_weight + english * english_weight + programming * programming_weight\n\n\nsean_score = weight_score(80, 90, 100)\nyaris_score = weight_score(math=82, math_weight=0.3, english=90, english_weight=0.3, programming=100,\n                           programming_weight=0.4)\nprint(sean_score, yaris_score)\n
    Output
    92.5 91.6\n

    \u6709\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u5fc5\u9808\u653e\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u5f8c\u9762\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u547c\u53eb\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u9075\u5b88\u9019\u500b\u898f\u5247\u3002

    \u5176\u5be6\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u5947\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#lambda_function","title":"Lambda Function","text":"

    \u9084\u8a18\u5f97 map \u55ce? \u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u4e0a\u3002

    \u5148\u56de\u61b6\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u4f7f\u7528 map:

    def square(x):\n    return x ** 2\n\n\nlst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nprint(list(map(square, lst)))\n\nsong_name = [\"I\", \"Really\", \"Want\", \"to\", \"Stay\", \"At\", \"Your\", \"House\"]\nprint(list(map(len, song_name)))\n
    Output
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]\n[1, 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 5]\n

    I Really Want to Stay At Your House\u201d by Rosa Walton

    \u9019\u7a2e\u63a5\u53d7\u51fd\u5f0f\u70ba\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9ad8\u968e\u51fd\u5f0f(Higher-Order Function)\u3002

    \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u5f0f\u53ea\u6703\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u533f\u540d\u51fd\u5f0f:

    lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, lst)))\n
    Output
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]\n

    \u518d\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u904e min \u55ce? \u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u8a02\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5ea7\u6a19\u4e32\u5217 points\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u9760\u8fd1\u539f\u9ede\u7684\u9ede:

    points = [(9, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8), (4, 8), (1, 3)]\nprint(min(points, key=lambda x: x[0] ** 2 + x[1] ** 2))\n
    Output
    (1, 3)\n

    \u518d\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u4e32\u5217 a \u8207 b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u8a08\u7b97\u5169\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u5167\u7a4d:

    a, b = [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]\nprint(sum(map(lambda x, y: x * y, a, b)))\n
    Output
    32\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#factory_function","title":"Factory Function","text":"

    \u6709\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5e0c\u671b\u51fd\u5f0f\u56de\u50b3\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5de5\u5ee0\u51fd\u5f0f(Factory Function)\u3002

    \u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f make_power_fun(n) \uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57 n\uff0c\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57 x\uff0c\u56de\u50b3 x \u7684 n \u6b21\u65b9:

    def make_power_fun(n):\n    return lambda x: x ** n\n\n\npower_fun_2 = make_power_fun(2)\npower_fun_3 = make_power_fun(4)\n\nprint(power_fun_2(3))\nprint(power_fun_3(3))\n
    Output
    9\n81\n

    \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u597d\u8655\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 n\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8907\u5b9a\u7fa9\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#nested_function","title":"Nested Function","text":"

    \u51fd\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5de2\u72c0\u51fd\u5f0f(Nested Function)\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f collect_anagrams(words, target) \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u4e32\u5217 words \u8207\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32 target\uff0c\u56de\u50b3 words \u4e2d\u8207\u4e92\u70ba target \u662f\u76f8\u540c\u5b57\u6bcd\u7570\u5e8f\u8a5e\u7684\u4e32\u5217:

    \u65bc\u662f\u6211\u5728\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8f14\u52a9\u51fd\u5f0f(Helper Function) is_anagram(x, y)\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u4e32 x \u8207 y\uff0c\u56de\u50b3 x \u8207 y \u662f\u5426\u70ba\u76f8\u540c\u5b57\u6bcd\u7570\u5e8f\u8a5e:

    def collect_anagrams(words, target):\n    def is_anagram(x, y):\n        return sorted(x) == sorted(y)\n\n    return [word for word in words if is_anagram(word, target)]\n\n\nstrs = [\"now\", \"won\", \"own\", \"no\", \"on\", \"www\"]\nprint(collect_anagrams(strs, \"onw\"))\n
    Output
    ['now', 'won', 'own']\n

    \u9019\u500b\u5728\u5237 LeeCode \u6642\u6703\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#recursion","title":"Recursion","text":"

    \u4f86\u5230\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u982d\u6232\uff0c\u905e\u8ff4(Recursion)\u3002

    \u905e\u8ff4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u51fd\u5f0f\u547c\u53eb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u905e\u8ff4\u51fd\u5f0f(Recursive Function)\u3002

    \u5148\u4f86\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97 \\(n!\\)\uff0c\u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684:

    def factorial(n):\n    result = 1\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        result *= i\n    return result\n\n\nprint(factorial(0))\nprint(factorial(5))\n
    Output
    1\n120\n

    \u8a18\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6578\u5b78\u8ab2\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u55ce?

    \\[ \\text{factorial}(n) = \\begin{cases} 1 & \\text{if } n = 0 \\text{, base case}\\\\ n \\times \\text{factorial}(n-1) & \\text{if } n > 0 \\text{, recursive case}\\end{cases} \\]

    \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc:

    def factorial(n):\n    if n == 0:\n        return 1\n    else:\n        return n * factorial(n - 1)\n\n\nprint(factorial(0))\nprint(factorial(5))\n
    Output
    1\n120\n

    \u7576 n == 0 \u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u6cc1(Base Case)\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u905e\u8ff4\u7684\u7d42\u6b62\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u7576 n > 0 \u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u905e\u8ff4\u60c5\u6cc1(Recursive Case)\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u905e\u8ff4\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u689d\u4ef6\u3002

    \u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u905e\u8ff4\u51fd\u5f0f\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u905e\u8ff4\u624d\u6703\u7d42\u6b62\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u6703\u9677\u5165\u7121\u7aae\u905e\u8ff4\uff0c\u54a6?\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u719f\u6089?\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u7121\u7aae\u8ff4\u5708\u55ce?

    \u518d\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u8cbb\u6c0f\u6578\u5217\u7684\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9805\uff0c\u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684:

    def fibonacci(n):\n    a, b = 0, 1\n    for _ in range(n):\n        a, b = b, a + b\n    return a\n\n\nprint(fibonacci(0))\nprint(fibonacci(10))\n
    Output
    0\n55\n

    \u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6578\u5b78\u8ab2\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u55ce?

    \\[ \\text{fibonacci}(n) = \\begin{cases} 0 & \\text{if } n = 0 \\text{, base case}\\\\ 1 & \\text{if } n = 1 \\text{, base case}\\\\ \\text{fibonacci}(n-1) + \\text{fibonacci}(n-2) & \\text{if } n > 1 \\text{, recursive case}\\end{cases} \\]

    \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc:

    def fibonacci(n):\n    if n == 0:\n        return 0\n    elif n == 1:\n        return 1\n    else:\n        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)\n\n\nprint(fibonacci(0))\nprint(fibonacci(10))\n
    Output
    0\n55\n

    \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u905e\u8ff4\u7684\u6548\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8ff4\u5708\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u905e\u8ff4\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u547c\u53eb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u8a08\u7b97\u3002

    \u518d\u4f86\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u6574\u6578 a, b \u7684\u6700\u5927\u516c\u56e0\u6578\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u807d\u904e\u8f3e\u8f49\u76f8\u9664\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u6b50\u5e7e\u91cc\u5f97\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5(Euclidean algorithm)\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684:

    \\[ \\text{gcd}(a, b) = \\begin{cases} a & \\text{if } b = 0 \\text{, base case}\\\\ \\text{gcd}(b, a \\mod b) & \\text{if } b > 0 \\text{, recursive case}\\end{cases} \\]

    \u76f4\u63a5\u5beb\u6210\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc:

    def gcd(a, b):\n    if b == 0:\n        return a\n    else:\n        return gcd(b, a % b)\n\n\nprint(gcd(12, 18))\nprint(gcd(18, 12))\nprint(gcd(4843, 1234))\n
    Output
    6\n6\n1\n

    \u9019\u500b\u8981\u5beb\u6210\u8fed\u4ee3(Iterative)\u7248\u672c\u9084\u6bd4\u8f03\u96e3\u3002

    \u95dc\u65bc\u905e\u8ff4\uff0c\u5c31\u5148\u8b1b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u9032\u5165\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u518d\u6df1\u5165\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6703\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM48-\u6613] F91

    Reference code 
    def f91(n):\n    if n <= 100:\n        return f91(f91(n + 11))\n    elif n >= 101:\n        return n - 10\n\n\nk = int(input())\nn = list(map(int, input().split()))\nfor x in n:\n    print(f91(x))\n

    \u4f60\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u6210\u9019\u6a23:

    def f91(z): \n    if z >= 101: \n        return z - 10 \n    else: \n        return 91 \n\n\nk = int(input()) \nn = list(map(int, input().split())) \nfor x in n: \n    print(f91(x)) \n

    Itsa - [C_RU13-\u6613] \u5927\u4e00\u9ede\u7684Fibonacci

    Reference code 

    MAX = 47\nfibonacci = [0] * MAX\nfibonacci[1] = 1\n\nfor i in range(2, MAX):\n    fibonacci[i] = fibonacci[i - 1] + fibonacci[i - 2]\n\nwhile True:\n    n = int(input())\n    if n == -1:\n        break\n    print(fibonacci[n + 1])\n
    \u9019\u7a2e\u5beb\u6cd5\u53eb\u505a\u52d5\u614b\u898f\u5283(Dynamic Programming)\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u6703\u518d\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6703\u5f88\u982d\u75db\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/functions/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM103-\u6613] \u8cbb\u5f0f\u6578\u5217

    Itsa - [C_MM143-\u6613] \u6c42Emirp

    Itsa - [C_MM144-\u6613] \u6c42\u7d44\u5408\u6578C(n,r)

    Itsa - \u984c\u76ee10. \u8f3e\u8f49\u76f8\u9664\u6cd5

    Itsa - [C_RU10-\u4e2d] \u722c\u6a13\u68af

    Itsa - [C_RU14-\u6613] \u597d\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u6676\u5854

    Itsa - [C_RU23-\u6613] \u905e\u8ff4\u7df4\u7fd22f(n)=f(n-1)+2

    Itsa - [C_RU24-\u6613] \u905e\u8ff4\u7df4\u7fd2f(n)\uff1d2f(n-1)/(1+2f(n-1))

    Itsa - [C_RU25-\u6613] \u905e\u8ff4\u7df4\u7fd2f(n)\uff1d3f(n-1)+g(n-1)\ufe50g(n)\uff1d-f(n-1)+g(n-1)

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/","title":"Lists","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u5f88\u591a\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\u3002

    \u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39 List(\u4e32\u5217)\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5132\u5b58\u5f88\u591a\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u6578\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u4e32\u3001\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#create_a_list","title":"Create a list","text":"

    \u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b List\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f []\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u9593\u7528\u9017\u865f , \u9694\u958b\u3002

    \u4f86\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e09\u500b List\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u5132\u5b58\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u90fd\u5132\u5b58\u5b57\u4e32\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5247\u653e\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nprint(numbers)\n\nwhat_i_learned = [\"C\", \"C++\", \"Python\", \"Java\", \"C#\", \"JavaScript\", \"TypeScript\"]\nprint(what_i_learned)\n\nstudent_info = [\"Sean\", 20, \"Computer Science\", 4.0, True, \"aLIEz\"]\nprint(student_info)\n\nprint(type(numbers), type(what_i_learned), type(student_info))\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n['C', 'C++', 'Python', 'Java', 'C#', 'JavaScript', 'TypeScript']\n['Sean', 20, 'Computer Science', 4.0, True, 'aLIEz']\n<class 'list'> <class 'list'> <class 'list'>\n

    Sawano Hiroyuki - aLIEz Aldnoah.Zero Full Lyrics

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5b78\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u807d\u904e Array(\u9663\u5217)\uff0cList \u5c31\u662f Python \u4e2d\u7684 Array\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u66f4\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba List \u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u5e38 Array \u53ea\u80fd\u5132\u5b58\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\u3002

    \u4f46 Python \u4e5f\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300c\u9663\u5217\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5148\u4e0d\u63d0\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u500b\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    \u984c\u5916\u8a71\uff0c\u7576\u521d\u5f9e C, C++, Java \u8f49\u5230 Python \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u771f\u5fc3\u89ba\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u96a8\u4fbf\uff0c\u9023\u578b\u614b\u90fd\u4e0d\u7528\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u89ba\u5f97\u771f\u9999\u3002

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u9084\u8a18\u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u63d0\u5230 range \u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: range(5) \u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e \\(0\\) \u5230 \\(4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6578\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    list(range(5)) \u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07 range \u7269\u4ef6\u8f49\u63db\u6210 List\u3002

    x = range(5)\nprint(type(x))\nnumbers = list(x)\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    <class 'range'>\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n

    \u90a3\u80fd\u5426\u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u8f49\u63db\u6210 List \u5462? \u7576\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5!

    x = \"Signals\"\nprint(type(x))\nwords = list(x)\nprint(words)\n
    ouput
    <class 'str'>\n['S', 'i', 'g', 'n', 'a', 'l', 's']\n

    Lazer Boomerang - Signals (Official Audio)

    \u518d\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f \\(0\\) \u7684\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    n = 5\nzeros = [0] * n\nprint(zeros)\n
    ouput
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n

    \u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u5408\u4f75\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u5462?

    a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [4, 5, 6]\nc = a + b\nprint(c)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n

    \u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 extend \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u5230\u3002

    \u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u80fd\u8b93\u4f60\u6293\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8207\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u66f4\u719f\u6089 List\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#operations","title":"Operations","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#accessing_elements","title":"Accessing elements","text":"

    \u8981\u5b58\u53d6 List \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f []\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u5f9e \\(0\\) \u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8ca0\u6578\uff0c\u8ca0\u6578\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u662f\u5f9e\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u958b\u59cb\u7b97\u8d77\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\n# First element\nprint(numbers[0])\n# Last element\nprint(numbers[-1])\nprint(numbers[4])\n
    ouput
    1\n5\n5\n

    \u8b93\u6211\u5011\u914d\u5408\u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u5370\u51fa\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nfor i in range(len(numbers)):\n    print(numbers[i], end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 5\n

    len \u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u500b\u6578\u3002

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u9084\u8a18\u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97 Repetiton Structures - Foreach \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u5370\u51fa\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    print(number, end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 5\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#slicing","title":"Slicing","text":"

    \u5207\u7247(Slicing)\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n\nprint(numbers[0:4])\nprint(numbers[:4])\nprint(numbers[:-2])\nprint(numbers[1:3])\nprint(numbers[:6:2])\nprint(numbers[::-1])\nprint(numbers[:])\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[2, 3]\n[1, 3, 5]\n[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-31 21:56

    \u4f60\u5f88\u8070\u660e\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u7528\u6cd5\u8207 range \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u3001\u7d50\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u3001\u9593\u9694\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5beb\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u5206\u5225\u662f \\(0\\)\u3001\u4e32\u5217\u9577\u5ea6\u3001\\(1\\)\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#modifying_elements","title":"Modifying elements","text":"

    \u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f []\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u3002

    music_info = [\"Time_To_Pretend\", \"Lazer Boomerang\", \" 2019/4/26\", 1, False]\nmusic_info[0] = \"Time To Pretend\"\nmusic_info[3] = 2\nmusic_info[-1] = True\nprint(music_info)\n
    ouput
    ['Time To Pretend', 'Lazer Boomerang', ' 2019/4/26', 2, True]\n

    Lazer Boomerang - Time To Pretend (Official Audio)

    \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba \u53ef\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684(mutable)\uff0c\u800c\u5b57\u4e32\u5247\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba \u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684(immutable)\u3002

    sad_cat = \"\ud83d\ude3f\"\nsad_cat[0] = \"\ud83d\ude38\"\n
    ouput
    TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#checking_elements","title":"Checking elements","text":"

    \u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u67d0\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 in \u9019\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nprint(1 in numbers)\nprint(6 not in numbers)\n
    ouput
    True\nTrue\n

    Question

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\) \u7684\u7121\u5e8f\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u58de\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u591a\u5c11\u6b21?

    \u7b54\u6848\u662f \\(n\\) \u6b21\u5594\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u6216\u662f\u627e\u5b8c\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684 6\u3002

    \u5728\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5(Algorithm)\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6703\u63d0\u5230\u6642\u9593\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6(Time Complexity)\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u5148\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u597d\u4e86~

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#methods","title":"Methods","text":"

    \u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#append","title":"append","text":"

    append \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u9762\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers.append(6)\nprint(numbers)\nnumbers.append([7, 8, 9])\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, [7, 8, 9]]\n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b append \u6c92\u6709\u5687\u5230\u4f60\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u628a 7\u30018\u30019 \u9019\u4e09\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u5230\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 extend \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#extend","title":"extend","text":"

    extend \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u9762\u65b0\u589e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers.extend([6, 7, 8])\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#pop","title":"pop","text":"

    pop \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"durian\", \"elderberry\"]\nprint(fruits.pop())\nprint(fruits)\nprint(fruits.pop(1))\nprint(fruits)\n
    ouput
    elderberry\n['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'durian']\nbanana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'durian']\n

    \u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 pop \u4f86\u79fb\u9664\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u8d85\u51fa\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u4f86\u79fb\u9664\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5efa\u8b70\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#clear","title":"clear","text":"

    clear \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    []\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#reverse","title":"reverse","text":"

    reverse \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u8f49\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#sort","title":"sort","text":"

    sort \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u5e8f\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u662f\u7531\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7531\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a reverse=True\u3002

    numbers = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n

    \u751a\u81f3\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a key\uff0c\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: key=len\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5143\u7d20 x \u7684 len(x) \u4f86\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"watermelon\", \"pineapple\"]\nfruits.sort(key=len)\nprint(fruits)\n
    ouput
    ['apple', 'banana', 'pineapple', 'watermelon']\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#copy","title":"copy","text":"

    copy \u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u6dfa\u8907\u88fd(Shallow Copy)\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnumbers_copy = numbers.copy()\nprint(numbers_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n\nprint(\"After changing numbers[1]\")\n\nnumbers[1] = 10\nprint(numbers_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nAfter changing numbers[1]\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n[1, 10, 3, 4, 5]\n

    \u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u9084\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u6dfa\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4e86 numbers \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0cnumbers_copy \u4e0d\u6703\u8ddf\u8457\u6539\u8b8a\u3002

    numbers = [1, [2, 3], 4, 5]\nnumbers_copy = numbers.copy()\nprint(numbers_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n\nprint(\"After changing numbers[1]\")\n\nnumbers[1][0] = 6\nprint(numbers_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n
    ouput
    [1, [2, 3], 4, 5]\n[1, [2, 3], 4, 5]\nAfter changing numbers[1]\n[1, [6, 3], 4, 5]\n[1, [6, 3], 4, 5]\n

    \u90a3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53c8\u662f\u6df1\u8907\u88fd(Deep Copy)\u5462? \u9019\u500b\u5c31\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u5230\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08(Object-Oriented Programming)\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u6316\u5751\u7684\u3002

    \u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 Python Documentation - List\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u6703\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8981\u990a\u6210\u770b\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#list_comprehension","title":"List Comprehension","text":"

    \u4e32\u5217\u7d9c\u5408\u904b\u7b97(List comprehension)\u8b93\u4f60\u7528\u4e00\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u51fa\u64c1\u6709\u67d0\u9805\u6027\u8cea\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    \u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 a\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d b[i] = a[i] ** 2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f b \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d\u61c9 a \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c:

    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nb = []\n\nfor num in a:\n    b.append(num ** 2)\n\nprint(b)\n
    ouput
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e32\u5217\u7d9c\u5408\u904b\u7b97:

    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nb = [num ** 2 for num in a]\n\nprint(b)\n
    ouput
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]\n

    \u975e\u5e38\u5730\u512a\u96c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 a\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d b \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f a \u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u6578\u3002

    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nb = [num for num in a if num % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(b)\n
    ouput
    [2, 4]\n

    \u9084\u8a18\u5f97 Operators - Bonus: map for input \u63d0\u5230\u7684 map \u55ce?

    \u5148\u4f86\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0cmap \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u5957\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b map \u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 list \u5c07 map \u7269\u4ef6\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    a = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\", \"4\", \"5\"]\nb = map(int, a)\nprint(type(b))\n\nc = list(b)\nprint(c)\n
    ouput
    <class 'map'>\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n

    @EditTime : 2024-02-01 23:21

    \u90a3\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e32\u5217\u7d9c\u5408\u904b\u7b97\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u5462?

    a = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\", \"4\", \"5\"]\nb = [int(num) for num in a]\nprint(b)\n
    ouput
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n

    \u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002

    \u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u5beb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5927\u5beb\u3002

    lowercase = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\nuppercase = [letter.upper() for letter in lowercase]\nprint(uppercase)\n
    ouput
    ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']\n

    \u6ce8\u610f\u56c9\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u7528\u5230\u7684\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5594\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#nested_lists","title":"Nested Lists","text":"

    \u5de2\u72c0\u4e32\u5217(Nested Lists)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u662f\u4e32\u5217\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#2d","title":"2D","text":"

    \u5148\u4f86\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u904e\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e8c\u7dad\u9663\u5217(2D Array)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de2\u72c0\u4e32\u5217\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e8c\u7dad\u9663\u5217\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5169\u500b \\(3 \\times 3\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7dad\u9663\u5217\uff0c\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u77e9\u9663\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002

    matrix_1 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]\nmatrix_2 = [[9, 8, 7], [6, 5, 4], [3, 2, 1]]\n\nmatrix_3 = [[0 for i in range(3)] for j in range(3)]\n\nfor i in range(3):\n    for j in range(3):\n        matrix_3[i][j] = matrix_1[i][j] + matrix_2[i][j]\n\nprint(matrix_3)\n
    ouput
    [[10, 10, 10], [10, 10, 10], [10, 10, 10]]\n

    \u6211\u5e0c\u671b matrix_3 \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6c92\u6709\u5687\u5230\u4f60\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u628a [0 for i in range(3)] \u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4 E\uff0c\u518d\u628a [E for j in range(3)] \u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u4e86\uff0ci, j \u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u8a08\u6578\u7528\u7684\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u5b83\u5011\u5687\u5230\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#jagged","title":"Jagged","text":"

    \u92f8\u9f52\u72c0\u4e32\u5217(Jagged Lists)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u5de2\u72c0\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002

    \u984c\u5916\u8a71\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u5b78 C \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6307\u6a19\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u8d77\u4f86\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\u3002

    jagged = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9]]\n\nfor row in jagged:\n    for elem in row:\n        print(elem, end=' ')\n    print()\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 \n4 5 \n6 7 8 9 \n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u500b\u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6703\u5687\u5230\u4f60\uff0crow \u662f jagged \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\uff0celem \u662f row \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\u3002

    Python \u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u9748\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8981\u5f88\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u4ed6\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5bb9\u6613\u6703\u5beb\u51fa\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u96d9\u9762\u5203\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u591a\u591a\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM33-\u6613] \u627e1~N\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578

    Reference code 

    table = []\nfor i in range(6, 2 ** 13, 2):\n    s = 0\n    for j in range(1, i):\n        if i % j == 0:\n            s += j\n    if s == i:\n        table.append(i)\n\nwhile True:\n    N = int(input())\n    print(' '.join([str(x) for x in table if x <= N]))\n
    \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217 table\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u653e\u4e86 \\(6\\) \u5230 \\(2^{13}\\) \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578 \\(N\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa \\(1\\) \u5230 \\(N\\) \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578\u3002

    \u90a3\u9ebc \\(2^{13}\\) \u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684?\u311c\uff0c\u6211\u5237\u5f8c\u53f0\u6e2c\u8cc7\u63a8\u6572\u4f86\u7684\u3002

    join \u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5b57\u4e32\u4e32\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u4e32 ' ' \u4f86\u9023\u63a5\u3002

    \u9019\u7a2e\u6280\u5de7\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5efa\u8868\u300d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578\u5f88\u758f\u6563\uff0c\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u5b8c\u8868\u5f8c\u76f4\u63a5\u5beb\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5c31\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002

    table = [6, 28, 496, 8128]\n\nN = int(input())\nprint(' '.join(str(x) for x in table if x <= N))\n

    \u5982\u679c\u5c31\u55ae\u7d14\u89e3\u984c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002

    \u6b63\u898f\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u90fd\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u6e2c\u8cc7\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0a\u5927\u5b78\u5f8c\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u592a\u9748\u5149\u7684\u52a9\u6559\u6c92\u6709\u6a19\u6e2c\u8cc7\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u8a18\u5f97\u96fb\u6b7b\u4ed6\u5011\u3002

    Itsa - [C_MM44-\u6613] The Numbers

    Reference code 
    N, M = input().split()\n\ncnt = 0\nfor i in range(0, 6):\n    if M[i] == N[0] and M[i + 1] == N[1]:\n        cnt += 1\n\nprint(cnt)\n

    \u5b57\u4e32\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u662f\u4e32\u5217\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR01-\u6613] \u4e00\u7dad\u9663\u5217\u53cd\u8f49 I

    Reference code 
    arr = input().split()\nprint(' '.join(arr[::-1]))\n

    arr.reverse() \u4e5f\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u539f\u672c\u7684\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u6539\u8b8a\u539f\u672c\u7684\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 arr[::-1]\u3002

    arr = input().split()\narr.reverse()\nprint(' '.join(arr))\n

    Itsa - [C_AR03-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u9663\u5217\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7acb\u65b9\u548c

    Reference code 
    arr = map(int, input().split())\nans = 0\n\nfor num in arr:\n    ans += num ** 3\n\nprint(ans)\n

    \u6211\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u628a map \u7269\u4ef6\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 map \u7269\u4ef6\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    \u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u89e3: 

    print(sum(int(x) ** 3 for x in input().split()))\n

    \u53c3\u8003\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR09-\u6613] \u5169\u6578\u5dee\u503c

    Reference code 
    arr1 = list(map(int, input().split(',')))\narr1.sort()\narr2 = arr1.copy()\narr2.sort(reverse=True)\n\nmax_num,min_num  = 0, 0\nfor i in range(len(arr1) - 1, -1, -1):\n    # convert list to number\n    max_num = max_num * 10 + arr1[i]\n    min_num = min_num * 10 + arr2[i]\n\nprint(max_num - min_num)\n

    \u4e0d\u61c2\u6392\u5e8f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6211\u6703\u6559\u4f60\u539f\u7406\u3002

    \u800c\u9019\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u4e32\u5217\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u5f9e\u500b\u4f4d\u6578\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e58 \\(10\\)\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR022-\u6613] \u5b57\u6bcd\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u983b\u7387

    Reference code 
    string = input()\n\nfreq = [0] * 26\n\nfor c in string:\n    if c.isalpha():\n        freq[ord(c.lower()) - ord('a')] += 1\n\nprint(' '.join(str(x) for x in freq))\n

    \u9019\u984c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u5148\u5099\u77e5\u8b58\uff0cASCII \u78bc\uff0cord \u51fd\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u5b57\u5143\u7684 ASCII \u78bc\u3002

    \u518d\u5229\u7528 isalpha \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u5b57\u5143\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca lower \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u5c07\u5b57\u6bcd\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5c0f\u5beb\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5b57\u6bcd\u6620\u5c04\u5230 0 \u5230 25 \u4e4b\u9593\u3002

    \u95dc\u65bc\u5b57\u4e32\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u6703\u518d\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR025-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97ASCII\u5b57\u5143

    Reference code 
    string = input()\n\nfreq = [0] * 128\n\n\nfor i in range(len(string)):\n    freq[ord(string[i])] += 1\n\nfor i in range(len(freq) - 1, -1, -1):\n    if freq[i] > 0:\n        print(f'{i} {freq[i]}')\n

    \u9019\u984c\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u984c\u5f88\u50cf\u3002

    Itsa - [C_AR029-\u96e3] \u6587\u5b57\u7de8\u78bc

    Reference code 
    plain_text = input()\n\nN = len(plain_text)\nM = 1\nwhile M * M < N:\n    M += 1\n\narr = [[' ' for _ in range(M)] for _ in range(M)]\n\nfor i in range(N):\n    arr[i // M][i % M] = plain_text[i]\n\ncipher_text = []\nfor i in range(M):\n    for j in range(M):\n        cipher_text.append(arr[j][i])\n\nprint(''.join(cipher_text))\n

    \u77e9\u9663\u8f49\u7f6e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 arr[j][i] \u8b8a\u6210 arr[i][j]\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/lists/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM42-\u4e2d] \u6c42(-1)^(n+1)x[1/(2n-1)]\u7684\u548c

    Itsa - [C_AR02-\u6613] \u4e00\u7dad\u9663\u5217\u53cd\u8f49 II

    Itsa - [C_AR10-\u4e2d] \u65b0\u901a\u8a71\u8cbb\u7387

    Itsa - [C_AR021-\u6613] \u6210\u7e3e\u7d71\u8a08

    Itsa - [C_AR023-\u6613] \u5b57\u6839\u8207\u5b50\u5b57\u4e32

    Itsa - [C_AR031-\u4e2d] \u4e00\u7dad\u77e9\u9663\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u7dad\u5e73\u9762\u7a7a\u9593

    Itsa - [C_AR33-\u6613] \u8f49\u7f6e\u77e9\u9663

    Itsa - [C_AR34-\u6613] \u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u9a57\u8b49\u5668

    Itsa - [C_AR35-\u6613] \u751f\u8096\u554f\u984c

    Itsa - [C_AR41-\u6613] \u4e00\u6574\u6578\u5e8f\u5217\u6240\u542b\u4e4b\u6574\u6578\u500b\u6578\u53ca\u5e73\u5747\u503c

    Itsa - [C_AR46-\u6613] \u9663\u5217\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\u554f\u984c

    Itsa - [C_AR48-\u6613] \u6578\u5b57\u52a0\u5bc6

    @EditTime : 2024-02-03 21:30

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/","title":"Operators","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8b8a\u6578\u505a\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u52a0\u6cd5\u3001\u6e1b\u6cd5\u3001\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u7b49\u7b49\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#arithmetic_operators","title":"Arithmetic Operators","text":"

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u7b97\u8853\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u719f\u6089\u7684\u56db\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5c31\u662f\u7b97\u8853\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u5225\u662f +\u3001-\u3001*\u3001/\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868\u52a0\u6cd5\u3001\u6e1b\u6cd5\u3001\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u3002

    x, y = 10, 3\nprint(x + y)\nprint(x - y)\nprint(x * y)\nprint(x / y)\nz = x // y\nprint(z)\nprint(type(z))\nprint(x % y)\nprint(x ** y)\n
    ouput
    13\n7\n30\n3.3333333333333335\n3\n<class 'int'>\n1\n1000\n

    \u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u770b\u5b8c\u8f38\u51fa\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5927\u81f4\u660e\u77ad\u5404\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u60f3\u8acb\u4f60\u7559\u610f * \u4e58\u6cd5\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u6253\u6210 x\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca / \u8207 // \u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u6703\u5c07\u7d50\u679c\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\u3002\u9084\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u7279\u5225\u7684 % \uff0c\u7559\u610f\u5230 10 = 3 * 3 + 1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d6\u9918\u6578\uff1b\u800c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6700\u5947\u7279\u7684 ** \uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6c42\u51aa\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u570b\u5c0f\u6578\u5b78: 

    # Upper case for constant\nPI = 3.14\nr = 2\narea = PI * (r ** 2)\nperimeter = 2 * PI * r\nprint(f'Area: {area}, Perimeter: {perimeter}')\n\n# Sum of 1 to 100\ntotal = (1 + 100) * 100 // 2\nprint(f'The sum of 1 to 100 is {total}')\n

    ouput
    Area: 12.56, Perimeter: 12.56\nThe sum of 1 to 100 is 5050\n

    \u9019\u908a\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8acb\u5584\u7528\u62ec\u865f\u3002

    x = 'A' + 'n' + 'i' + 'm' + 'a' + 'l' + 's'\nprint(x)\n
    ouput
    Animals\n

    Martin Garrix - Animals (Official Video)

    \u518d\u8acb\u4f60\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u5225\u5c0d\u65bc\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b57\u4e32\u7684 + \u6703\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u6578\u7684 + \u5247\u6703\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u6574\u6578\u76f8\u52a0\u3002

    Question

    1. 2 ** 3 ** 2 \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u591a\u5c11?
    2. 2 ** (3 ** 2) \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u591a\u5c11?
    3. (2 ** 3) ** 2 \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u591a\u5c11?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#comparison_operators","title":"Comparison Operators","text":"

    \u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u662f True \u6216 False\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u4f86\u4ee5\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u4f86\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002

    a, b, c = 3, 4, 5\n\nprint(a < b)\nprint(a > b)\nprint(a <= b)\nprint(a >= b)\nprint(a ** 2 + b ** 2 == c ** 2)\nprint(a ** 2 + b ** 2 != c ** 2)\nprint((a + b) > c)\n
    ouput
    False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n

    \u9019\u908a\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff0c == \u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u800c = \u662f\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002

    \u6700\u5f8c\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50: 

    age = 14\nprint(12 <= age <= 18)\n\nx, y, z = 1, 2, 3\nprint(x < y < z)\nprint(x < y and y < z)\n

    ouput
    True\nTrue\nTrue\n

    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u66f4\u7c21\u6f54\u3002

    Question

    1. print(1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < 5) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    2. print(1 < 2 < 3 < 4 > 5) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#logical_operators","title":"Logical Operators","text":"

    \u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f80\u4e0b\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u908f\u8f2f\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u591a\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u7d50\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u3002

    has_license = True\nis_drunk = False\nage = 18\n\nprint(f\"Can I drive a car? {has_license and not is_drunk and age >= 18}\")\nprint(not has_license)\nprint(not is_drunk)\nprint(age >= 18 or is_drunk or not has_license)\n
    ouput
    Can I drive a car? True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n

    \u9019\u908a\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u7684\u662f\uff0c and \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u90fd\u662f True \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u624d\u6703\u662f True\uff0c\u800c or \u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u662f True\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u6703\u662f True\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u77ed\u8def\u6c42\u503c(Short-circuit Evaluation)\uff0c\u7576 and \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u662f False\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d50\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f False\uff1b\u800c or \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u662f True\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d50\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f True\u3002

    \u800c not \u662f\u4e00\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u6703\u5c07\u5e03\u6797\u503c\u53cd\u8f49\u3002

    Question

    1. print(not True and False) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    2. print(not True or False) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    3. print(not True and not False) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    4. print(not True or not False) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#bitwise_operators","title":"Bitwise Operators","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u4f4d\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5c0d\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 bin() \u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002

    a, b = 2, 3\nprint(f\"a={bin(a)}\")\nprint(f\"b={bin(b)}\")\n\nprint(a & b, bin(a & b))\nprint(a | b, bin(a | b))\nprint(a ^ b, bin(a ^ b))\nprint(~a, bin(~a))\n\nprint(a << 1, bin(a << 1))\nprint(a >> 1, bin(a >> 1))\n
    ouput
    a=0b10\nb=0b11\n2 0b10\n3 0b11\n1 0b1\n-3 -0b11\n4 0b100\n1 0b1\n

    & \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684 and\uff0c | \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684 or\uff0c ^ \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u9593\u7684\u9032\u884c\u4e92\u65a5\u6216\u904b\u7b97\uff0c ~ \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684 not\uff0c << \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u5de6\u79fb\uff0c >> \u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u53f3\u79fb\u3002

    \u5728\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u60f3\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65b7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u662f\u5947\u6578\u9084\u662f\u5076\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 % \u4f86\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f4d\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u3002

    a, b = 5678, 4843\nprint(f\"Is a even? {a % 2 == 0}\")\nprint(f\"Is b odd? {b & 1 == 1}\")\n
    ouput
    Is a even? True\nIs b odd? True\n

    Question

    1. \u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65b7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u662f 2 \u7684\u51aa?
    2. \u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u7684 16 \u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 * \u4e58\u6cd5\u904b\u7b97\u5b50?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#assignment_operators","title":"Assignment Operators","text":"

    \u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u5b78\u6703\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7d66\u8b8a\u6578\u3002

    \u5148\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 += \u4f86\u5c07\u8b8a\u6578\u52a0\u4e0a\u67d0\u500b\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u66f4\u7c21\u6f54\u3002

    x = 1\nx = x + 2\ny = 1\ny += 2\nprint(x, y)\n
    ouput
    3 3\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u3002

    x = 1\nx += 2\nprint(x)\nx -= 1\nprint(x)\nx *= 3\nprint(x)\nx //= 2\nprint(x)\nx **= 2\nprint(x)\nx <<= 1\nprint(x)\n
    ouput
    3\n2\n6\n3\n9\n18\n

    \u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u5225\u5fd8\u8a18 = \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u3002

    x = y = z = 1\nprint(x, y, z)\n
    ouput
    1 1 1\n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u3002

    Question

    1. \u6709\u6c92\u6709 and= \u9019\u500b\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50?
    2. &= \u9019\u500b\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#bonus_f-string_for_float","title":"Bonus: f-string for float","text":"

    \u70ba\u4e86\u80fd\u8b93\u4f60\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e9b\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u5148\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4f55\u5370\u51fa\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6578\u3002

    \u5728 Say Hello to Python - Input \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7a0d\u5fae\u63d0\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u56de\u53bb\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002

    \u7d66\u4f60\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578 x \uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u5370\u51fa x \u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u8207\u5e73\u65b9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ea\u5370\u51fa\u5c0f\u6578\u9ede\u5f8c\u5169\u4f4d\u3002

    x = 3.1415926\nprint(f\"The square root of {x} is {x ** 0.5:.2f}\")\nprint(f\"The square of {x} is {x ** 2:.2f}\")\n
    ouput
    The square root of 3.1415926 is 1.77\nThe square of 3.1415926 is 9.87\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-27 11:52

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#bonus_map_for_input","title":"Bonus: map for input","text":"

    \u518d\u6b21\u8907\u7fd2 Variable and Input - Mutiple Input \u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 split() \u4f86\u5c07\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u5207\u5272\u6210\u591a\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u3002

    \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u4e32\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5462?

    a, b, c = input().split()\nprint(int(a) + int(b) + int(c))\n
    input
    1 2 3\n
    ouput
    6\n

    \u96d6\u7136\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u8f38\u5165\u5f88\u591a\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u5c31\u6703\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 map() \u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u3002

    a, b, c = map(int, input().split())\nprint(a + b + c)\n
    input
    4 5 6\n
    ouput
    15\n

    map(function, iterable) \u6703\u5c07 iterable \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4e1f\u9032 function \u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u7684 iterable \u662f input().split()\uff0c\u800c function \u662f int\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 map(int, input().split()) \u6703\u5c07 input().split() \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u3002

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u5225\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 float \u6216 str\uff0c\u4f46\u8acb\u4f60\u8a18\u5f97\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u62ec\u865f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u5c07\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u50b3\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 Unpacking \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5c07 map() \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6307\u6d3e\u7d66\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f Unpacking \u5427?

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u592a\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5148\u5b78\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    \u6709\u4e86\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5f88\u591a\u984c\u76ee\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7df4\u7fd2\u984c\u5427!

    Itsa - [C_MM01-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u68af\u578b\u9762\u7a4d

    Reference code 
    a, b, h = map(int, input().split())\narea = (a + b) * h / 2\nprint(f\"Trapezoid area:{area}\")\n

    Itsa - [C_MM02-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u9762\u7a4d

    Reference code 
    a, b = map(int, input().split())\narea = a * b / 2\nprint(area)\n

    Itsa - [C_MM04-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u7e3d\u548c\u3001\u4e58\u7a4d\u3001\u5dee\u3001\u5546\u548c\u9918\u6578

    Reference code 
    a, b = map(int, input().split())\n\nprint(f\"{a}+{b}={a + b}\")\nprint(f\"{a}*{b}={a * b}\")\nprint(f\"{a}-{b}={a - b}\")\nprint(f\"{a}/{b}={a // b}...{a % b}\")\n

    Itsa - [C_MM06-\u6613] \u82f1\u54e9\u8f49\u516c\u91cc

    Reference code 
    mile = int(input())\nkm = mile * 1.6\nprint(f\"{km:.1f}\")\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/operators/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM07-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u5e73\u65b9\u503c\u8207\u7acb\u65b9\u503c

    Itsa - [C_MM08-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u5169\u6578\u548c\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u503c

    Itsa - [C_MM10-\u6613] \u651d\u6c0f\u6eab\u5ea6\u8f49\u83ef\u5f0f\u6eab\u5ea6

    Itsa - [C_MM11-\u6613] \u8cfc\u7968\u8a08\u7b97

    Itsa - [C_MM12-\u6613] \u76f8\u9047\u6642\u9593\u8a08\u7b97

    Itsa - [C_MM14-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7d44\u5408

    @EditTime : 2024-01-28 22:03

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/","title":"Repetition Structures","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u96fb\u8166\u6700\u6703\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\u8ff4\u5708(Loop)\uff0c\u8ff4\u5708\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5beb\u51fa\u4f86\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u5370 \\(100\\) \u6b21 Hello World!\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5462?

    # ...\nprint(\"Hello World!\")\nprint(\"Hello World!\")\nprint(\"Hello World!\")\n

    \u4f60\u6703\u771f\u7684\u5beb \\(100\\) \u884c\u55ce?\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4f60\u6703\u6c23\u6b7b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u96fb\u8166\u7838\u4e86\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#for_loop","title":"For Loop","text":"

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b for \u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u4e26\u8209\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5370\u51fa \\(1\\) \u5230 \\(5\\):

    for i in range(1, 6, 1):\n    print(i, end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 5\n

    Time Loop - Purrple Cat

    range\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5217\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8d77\u59cb\u503c\u3001\u7d50\u675f\u503c\u3001\u9593\u9694\u503c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b:

    \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7d50\u675f\u503c\uff0c\u8d77\u59cb\u503c\u9810\u8a2d\u70ba \\(0\\)\uff0c\u9593\u9694\u503c\u9810\u8a2d\u70ba \\(1\\)\u3002

    range(start=0, stop, step=1) \u4e26\u4e14\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cstop \u662f\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6578\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#foreach","title":"Foreach","text":"

    \u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u628a\u5b57\u4e32 \"Speed_of_Light\" \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u90fd\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u3002

    for c in \"Speed_of_Light\":\n    print(c, end=' ')\n

    ouput

    S p e e d _ o f _ L i g h t \n
    DJ OKAWARI feat. \u4e8c\u5bae\u611b \u300cSpeed of Light\u300d

    \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684 Foreach\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8ff4\u5708\u90fd\u6703\u53d6\u51fa\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u4ed6\u653e\u5230 c \u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u8acb\u4f60\u8a18\u8d77\u4f86\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#break_and_continue","title":"Break and Continue","text":"

    \u518d\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97 \\(\\sum_{i=1}^n{i}=1+2+\\cdots+n\\)

    n = int(input())\ntotal = 0\n\n# 1 + 2 + ... + n\nfor i in range(n + 1):\n    total += i\n\nprint(total)\n
    input
    100\n
    ouput
    5050\n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39 break \u8207 continue\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u3002

    break \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u5f37\u5236\u8df3\u51fa\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u800c continue \u5247\u662f\u5f37\u5236\u8df3\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8ff4\u5708\u3002

    for i in range(1, 11):\n    if i == 5:\n        break\n    print(i, end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4\n

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\uff0ci == 5 \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8ff4\u5708\u5c31\u88ab\u5f37\u5236\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e86\u3002

    for i in range(1, 11):\n    if i == 5:\n        continue\n    print(i, end=' ')\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10\n

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\uff0c5 \u88ab\u8df3\u904e\u4e86\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#nested_loop","title":"Nested Loop","text":"

    \u63a5\u8457\u4ecb\u7d39\u5de2\u72c0\u8ff4\u5708(Nested Loop)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8ff4\u5708\u88e1\u9762\u9084\u6709\u8ff4\u5708\u3002\u505a\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5169\u5c64\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6642\u91dd\u8207\u5206\u91dd\uff0c\u5167\u5c64\u8ff4\u5708\u6bcf\u8dd1\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u5916\u5c64\u8ff4\u5708\u624d\u8dd1\u4e00\u683c\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5370\u4e00\u500b\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u5427\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u5370\u51fa \\(n\\) \u5c64\u7684\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff0c\u5c07\u6700\u9802\u7aef\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5c64\u7de8\u865f\u70ba \\(0\\)\uff0c\u6700\u5e95\u7aef\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5c64\u7de8\u865f\u70ba \\(n-1\\)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u5c64\u6709 \\(i+1\\) \u500b\u661f\u661f *\u3002

    n = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(n):\n    for j in range(i + 1):\n        print('*', end='')\n    print()\n

    \u6211\u7a31\u5167\u5c64\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\u53eb\u505a j \u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\u53eb\u505a i \u8ff4\u5708\u3002 j \u8ff4\u5708\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u661f\u661f\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u800c i \u8ff4\u5708\u5247\u63a7\u5236\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u5e7e\u5c64\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u661f\u661f\u6578\u91cf\u90fd\u662f i + 1\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6703\u63db\u884c\u3002

    input
    5\n
    output
    *\n**\n***\n****\n*****\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\u3002

    for i in range(1, 10):\n    for j in range(1, 10):\n        print(f\"{i} * {j} = {i * j}\", end='\\t')\n    print()\n
    output
    1 * 1 = 1   1 * 2 = 2   1 * 3 = 3   1 * 4 = 4   1 * 5 = 5   1 * 6 = 6   1 * 7 = 7   1 * 8 = 8   1 * 9 = 9   \n2 * 1 = 2   2 * 2 = 4   2 * 3 = 6   2 * 4 = 8   2 * 5 = 10  2 * 6 = 12  2 * 7 = 14  2 * 8 = 16  2 * 9 = 18  \n3 * 1 = 3   3 * 2 = 6   3 * 3 = 9   3 * 4 = 12  3 * 5 = 15  3 * 6 = 18  3 * 7 = 21  3 * 8 = 24  3 * 9 = 27  \n4 * 1 = 4   4 * 2 = 8   4 * 3 = 12  4 * 4 = 16  4 * 5 = 20  4 * 6 = 24  4 * 7 = 28  4 * 8 = 32  4 * 9 = 36  \n5 * 1 = 5   5 * 2 = 10  5 * 3 = 15  5 * 4 = 20  5 * 5 = 25  5 * 6 = 30  5 * 7 = 35  5 * 8 = 40  5 * 9 = 45  \n6 * 1 = 6   6 * 2 = 12  6 * 3 = 18  6 * 4 = 24  6 * 5 = 30  6 * 6 = 36  6 * 7 = 42  6 * 8 = 48  6 * 9 = 54  \n7 * 1 = 7   7 * 2 = 14  7 * 3 = 21  7 * 4 = 28  7 * 5 = 35  7 * 6 = 42  7 * 7 = 49  7 * 8 = 56  7 * 9 = 63  \n8 * 1 = 8   8 * 2 = 16  8 * 3 = 24  8 * 4 = 32  8 * 5 = 40  8 * 6 = 48  8 * 7 = 56  8 * 8 = 64  8 * 9 = 72  \n9 * 1 = 9   9 * 2 = 18  9 * 3 = 27  9 * 4 = 36  9 * 5 = 45  9 * 6 = 54  9 * 7 = 63  9 * 8 = 72  9 * 9 = 81  \n

    i \u63a7\u5236\u5217(Row)\uff0cj \u63a7\u5236\u884c(Column)\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u90fd\u662f i\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u90fd\u662f j\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 i * j \u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u4e58\u7a4d\u3002

    \u71b1\u8eab\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u7a0d\u5fae\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8cea\u6578\u3002

    \u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u6703\u662f\u7b49\u7b49\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8acb\u4ed4\u7d30\u770b\u3002

    n = int(input())\nis_prime = True\n\nfor i in range(2, n):\n    if n % i == 0:\n        is_prime = False\n        break\n\nif is_prime:\n    print(\"Yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No\")\n
    input
    17\n4843\n
    ouput
    Yes\nNo\n

    n \u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u9664 1 \u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 break \u4f86\u5f37\u5236\u8df3\u51fa\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u628a\u554f\u984c\u7528\u5f97\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u5728 \\([1, n]\\) \u4e4b\u9593\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u6578\u3002

    \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4f55\u8b93 range \u5012\u8457\u6578\u56de\u4f86\u3002

    n = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(n, 0, -1):\n    is_prime = True\n    for j in range(2, i):\n        if i % j == 0:\n            is_prime = False\n            break\n\n    if is_prime:\n        print(f\"{i} is the largest prime in [1, {n}]\")\n        break\n
    input
    100\n2\n
    output
    97 is the largest prime in [1, 97]\n2 is the largest prime in [1, 2]\n

    i \u5217\u8209 \\([n, 1]\\) \u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u800c j \u5217\u8209 \\([2, i-1]\\) \u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c i \u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u9664 j\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u8df3\u51fa\u5167\u5c64 j \u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5217\u8209\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u5982\u679c i \u662f\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8df3\u51fa\u5916\u5c64 i \u8ff4\u5708\u3002

    \u8acb\u4f60\u4ed4\u7d30\u7aef\u8a73\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u884c\u6578\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-30 16:33

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#while_loop","title":"While loop","text":"

    \u63a5\u8457\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39 while \u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f\u662f\u7576\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8ff4\u5708\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u5e7e\u6b21\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 while \u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5225\u5beb\u51fa\u7121\u7aae\u8ff4\u5708(Infinite Loop)\u5594\u3002

    \u4f46\u5728\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u7528 while \u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u5370\u51fa \\(1\\) \u5230 \\(5\\)\u3002

    i = 1\nwhile i < 6:\n    print(i, end=\" \")\n    i += 1\n
    ouput
    1 2 3 4 5\n

    \u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0b for loop\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u908f\u8f2f\u5176\u5be6\u4e00\u6a23\u3002

    \u7576\u689d\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002

    \u518d\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u6b63\u6574\u6578 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa \\(n!\\)

    n = int(input())\ni = 1\nfact = 1\n\nwhile i <= n:\n    fact *= i\n    i += 1\n\nprint(fact)\n
    input
    5\n1\n
    ouput
    120\n1\n

    \u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u7121\u6cd5\u770b\u51fa while \u7684\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8ff4\u5708\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u6703\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u554f\u984c:

    \\[ \\text{The} \\ 3n+1 \\ \\text{Problem} \\ aka \\ \\text{Collatz Conjecture} \\]

    \u8003\u62c9\u8332\u731c\u60f3 wikipedia

    \u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u65bc\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u5947\u6578\uff0c\u5247\u5c0d\u5b83\u4e583\u518d\u52a01\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u5076\u6578\uff0c\u5247\u5c0d\u5b83\u9664\u4ee52\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u52301\u3002

    \u90a3\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5beb\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u6574\u6578 \\(n\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4ed6\u6703\u5728\u5e7e\u6b65\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210 \\(1\\)\u3002

    \\[ f(n)=\\begin{cases}\\frac{n}{2}, & \\text{if } n \\text{ is even} \\\\ 3n+1, & \\text{if } n \\text{ is odd}\\end{cases} \\]

    \u4f9d\u7167\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc:

    n = int(input())\nstep = 0\n\nwhile n != 1:\n    print(n, end=\" -> \")\n    if n % 2 == 0:\n        n = n // 2\n    else:\n        n = 3 * n + 1\n    step += 1\n\nprint(1)\nprint(f\"step = {step}\")\n
    input
    22\n1\n
    ouput
    22 -> 11 -> 34 -> 17 -> 52 -> 26 -> 13 -> 40 -> 20 -> 10 -> 5 -> 16 -> 8 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1\nstep = 15\n1\nstep = 0\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u6574\u6578 \\(n\\gt 1\\)\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa \\(n\\) \u7684\u8cea\u56e0\u6578\u5206\u89e3\u3002

    \u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u770b\u53c3\u8003\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002

    Example 
    n = int(input())\nfactor = 2\n\nwhile n != 1:\n    while n % factor == 0:\n        print(factor, end=' ')\n        n //= factor\n    factor += 1\n
    input
    20\n4843\n
    ouput
    2 2 5\n29 167\n

    \u5167\u5c64\u7684 while \u8ff4\u5708\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 n \u4e0d\u662f factor \u7684\u500d\u6578\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u5916\u5c64\u7684 while \u8ff4\u5708\u5247\u662f\u5217\u8209\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8cea\u56e0\u6578\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 n \u8b8a\u6210 \\(1\\) \u70ba\u6b62\u3002

    \u984c\u5916\u8a71\uff0c\u7576\u521d\u9047\u5230\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u7d50\u679c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31AC\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u8acb\u4f60\u597d\u597d\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u57f9\u990a\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-30 17:55

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#bonus_for_else_and_while_else","title":"Bonus: for ... else and while ... else","text":"

    for \u8207 while \u8ff4\u5708\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d else \u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7576\u8ff4\u5708\u6b63\u5e38\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u6642\u5019(\u6c92\u6709 break )\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c else\u3002

    \n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM03-\u6613] \u5169\u6578\u7e3d\u548c

    Reference code 

    while True:\n    a, b = map(int, input().split())\n    print(a + b)\n
    \u9019\u984c\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u55ae\u7d14\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u91cd\u8907\u8f38\u5165\u3002

    Itsa - [C_MM26-\u6613] \u8f38\u51fa 1x1\u30012x2\u3001...\u3001NxN\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c

    Reference code 
    N = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(1, N + 1):\n    print(f\"{i}*{i}={i * i}\")\n

    Itsa - [C_MM33-\u6613] \u627e1~N\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6578

    Reference code 

    N = int(input())\n\nfor i in range(6, N + 1, 2):\n    s = 0\n    for j in range(1, i):\n        if i % j == 0:\n            s += j\n    if s == i:\n        if i == 6:\n            print(i, end='')\n        else:\n            print(' ' + str(i), end='')\nprint()\n
    \u9019\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u89e3\uff0c\u6703TLE\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u4f73\u5316\uff0c \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 C++ \u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5AC\u7684\u3002

    Itsa - [C_MM34-\u6613] \u56e0\u6578\u554f\u984c

    Reference code 
    N = int(input())\n\nprint(1, end=\"\")\nfor i in range(2, N + 1):\n    if N % i == 0:\n        print(f\" {i}\", end=\"\")\nprint()\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-30 18:40

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/repetition_structures/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM21-\u6613] \u7b97\u968e\u4e58

    Itsa - [C_MM25-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u6b63\u6574\u6578\u88ab3\u6574\u9664\u4e4b\u6578\u503c\u4e4b\u7e3d\u548c

    Itsa - [C_MM27-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u5169\u6574\u6578\u9593\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6578\u7684\u7e3d\u548c

    Itsa - [C_MM28-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b971\u5230N\u4e4b\u9593\u5c6c\u65bc5\u548c7\u7684\u500d\u6578

    Itsa - [C_MM29-\u6613] \u6700\u5927\u8cea\u6578\u554f\u984c

    Itsa - [C_MM30-\u6613] \u8cea\u6578\u5224\u5225

    Itsa - [C_MM31-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b971~N\u5167\u80fd\u88ab2\u8ddf3\u6574\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab12\u6574\u9664\u7684\u6574\u6578\u7e3d\u548c

    Itsa - [C_MM40-\u6613] 1~N\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7e3d\u548c

    Itsa - [C_MM49-\u6613] \u9023\u7e8c1\u7684\u500d\u6578

    Itsa - [C_ST09-\u6613] \u661f\u865f\u77e9\u5f62\u8f38\u51fa

    Itsa - [C_ST11-\u6613] \u661f\u865f\u83f1\u5f62\u8f38\u51fa

    Itsa - [C_ST14-\u6613] \u6578\u5b57\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u8f38\u51fa

    @EditTime : 2024-01-30 21:51

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/say_hello/","title":"Say Hello to Python!","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/say_hello/#first_program","title":"First Program","text":"

    \u55e8\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b Python \u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728 Pycharm \u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b main.py \u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u6253\u4e0a : 

    # print(\"Hello Cat!\")\nprint(\"Hello World!\")\nprint('Hello Python!')\nprint(\"cheung4843\")\n

    \u6309\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0(Console)\u5c07\u6703\u5370\u51fa Hello World! \u63a5\u8457\u63db\u884c\uff0c\u518d\u5370\u51fa Hello Python!\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u518d\u5370\u51fa\u6211 cheung4843\uff0c\u518d\u63db\u884c\u3002

    \u90a3 # print(\"Hello Cat!\") \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc?\u4ee5\u4e95\u5b57\u865f\u70ba\u958b\u982d\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8a3b\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u66f4\u4f73\u3002

    \u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u6709\u767c\u73fe \"Hello World!\" \u8207 'Hello Python!' \u7684\u5dee\u7570?\u7576\u7136\u9664\u4e86\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u8207\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5b57\u4e32(String)\uff0c\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u5c0d\u7684\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u8207\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df7\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 :

    print(\"I love cats')\n

    \u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u8ddf\u4f60\u5831\u544a\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8a9e\u6cd5\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u906d\u9047\u8a31\u591a\u8a9e\u610f\u932f\u8aa4\u3002

    \u90a3\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32\u55ce?

    print('')\nprint(\"\")\nprint(\"Above are nothing, right?\")\n

    \u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e86\u5427?

    \u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8b1b\u8b1b print \u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u7a31\u4ed6\u70ba\u51fd\u5f0f(Function)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5462?\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u5f8c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u62ec\u865f()\u3002\u800c print \u662f Python \u5167\u5efa\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u300c\u5de5\u5177\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u88ab\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u8001\u6389\u7259\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u7a31\u51fd\u5f0f\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\u3002

    \u95dc\u65bc\u51fd\u5f0f(Function)\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5728\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053 print() \u6703\u5c07\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u63db\u884c\u3002

    \u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u63db\u884c\u5462?

    print(\"You\")\nprint(\"are\")\nprint(\"my\", end=' ')\nprint(\"special\", end='\\n')\nprint(\"1234\", end=\"5\")\nprint(\"---------\")\n
    ouput
    You\nare\nmy special\n12345---------\n

    \u5728\u9019\u500b\u5947\u602a\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u767c\u73fe\u6211\u5728 print \u7684\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u591a\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b end= \u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u8b93 print \u5370\u5b8c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u5370\u51fa\u7b49\u65bc\u5f8c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002

    You are my special

    \u90a3 \\n \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f?\u4ed6\u662f\u8df3\u812b\u5b57\u5143(Escape Character)\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\uff0c\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u63db\u884c\u3002

    Note

    1. \u96d9\u5f15\u865f/\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\u570d\u4f4f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \"cheung4843\" \u8207 '114514 + 1919810' \uff0c\u4f46\u8a18\u4f4f\u55ae\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u4e0d\u5f97\u6df7\u7528\u3002
    2. print(x, end=y) \u6703\u5370\u51fa x \uff0c\u518d\u5370\u51fa y\uff0c\u800c y \u9810\u8a2d\u70ba \\n \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u63db\u884c\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-25 19:23

    Question

    1. \u90a3\u9ebc \"'\" \u8207 \"\"\" \u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u55ce?
    2. print() \u62ec\u865f\u5167\u6c92\u6709\u653e\u6771\u897f\u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?

    @EditTime : 2024-01-25 19:55

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/","title":"Selection Structures","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u5728\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u5f88\u591a\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6703\u6839\u64da\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba\u9078\u64c7\u7d50\u69cb(Selection Structures)\uff0c\u662f\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u6839\u64da\u5b78\u6e2c\u6210\u7e3e\uff0c\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u586b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5fd7\u9858\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6211\u6839\u64da\u5929\u6c23\uff0c\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u5e36\u5098\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#if_elif_else","title":"if ... elif ... else","text":"

    \u5728\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u56de\u60f3 Operators - Comparison Operators \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c\uff0c\u800c if \u6703\u6839\u64da True \u6216 False \u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u57f7\u884c\u67d0\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50:

    \u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u3002

    num = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\n# get the absolute value of the input\nif num < 0:\n    num = -num\n\nprint(num)\n
    input
    -1984\n1984\n
    ouput
    1984\n1984\n

    Ivan Torrent - \"1984\" Lyrics Video

    \u908f\u8f2f\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u5c0f\u65bc\u96f6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u5c07\u4ed6\u653e\u4e0a\u8ca0\u865f\u3002\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u7684 - \u8207 not \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c

    \u5728\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6709\u7528\u5230 if\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u6709\u8acb else \u767b\u5834\u3002

    \u8acb\u770b\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u4ed6\u662f\u5947\u6578\u9084\u662f\u5076\u6578\u3002

    num = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\n# odd or even\nif num % 2 == 0:\n    print(\"Even\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Odd\")\n
    input
    1983\n-1982\n
    ouput
    Odd\nEven\n

    Timecop1983 - On the Run

    \u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u7528\u5230\u4e86 else\uff0c\u7576 if \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c else \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 elif\u3002

    \u7576 if \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e0b\u9762 elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c elif \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u524d\u7684 elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684 elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u90fd\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c else \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002

    \u9019\u6a23\u8b1b\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u9ede\u7e5e\u53e3\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002

    score = int(input(\"Enter your score: \"))\n\nif score >= 90:\n    print(\"A\")\n    print(\"Excellent!\")\nelif score >= 80:\n    print(\"B\")\nelif score >= 70:\n    print(\"C\")\nelif score >= 60:\n    print(\"D\")\nelse:\n    print(\"F\")\n
    input
    60\n90\n49\n
    ouput
    D\nA\nExcellent!\nF\n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50: 

    score = int(input(\"Enter your score: \"))\nif score >= 60:\n    print(\"D\")\nelif score >= 70:\n    print(\"C\")\nelif score >= 80:\n    print(\"B\")\nelif score >= 90:\n    print(\"A\")\n    print(\"Excellent!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"F\")\n
    input
    90\n
    ouput
    D\n

    \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8f38\u5165 90 \u6703\u5370\u51fa D\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f A\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba if \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c if \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6aa2\u67e5 elif \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002

    \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u64b0\u5beb\u689d\u4ef6\u5f0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u78ba\u4fdd\u6bcf\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u3002

    score = int(input(\"Enter your score: \"))\n\nif 70 > score >= 60:\n    print(\"D\")\nelif 80 > score >= 70:\n    print(\"C\")\nelif 90 > score >= 80:\n    print(\"B\")\nelif 100 >= score >= 90:\n    print(\"A\")\n    print(\"Excellent!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"F\")\n
    input
    90\n4843\n55\n
    ouput
    A\nExcellent!\nF\nF\n

    \u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u554f\u984c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u8f38\u5165\u8d85\u904e 100 \u7684\u5206\u6578\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u6703\u5370\u51fa F \u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u89e3\u6c7a\u5462?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#nested_if","title":"Nested if","text":"

    if \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b if\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u7a31\u70ba\u5de2\u72c0\u689d\u4ef6\u5f0f(Nested if)\u3002

    \u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u6574\u6578 a, b, c \uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u8f38\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002

    a, b, c = map(int, input().split())\nmax_one = None\n\nif a > b:\n    max_one = a\n    if c > max_one:\n        max_one = c\nelse:\n    max_one = b\n    if c > max_one:\n        max_one = c\n\nprint(max_one)\n
    input
    10 20 30\n12 12 12\n-3 -4 -5\n
    ouput
    30\n12\n-3\n

    \u60f3\u6cd5\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5148\u8b93 a, b \u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u518d\u8b93 c \u8207 max_one \u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002

    \u9019\u88e1\u5077\u5077\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u5947\u5999\u5999\u5de5\u5177\uff0cmax()\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u627e\u51fa\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u3002

    a, b, c = map(int, input().split())\nprint(max(a, b, c))\n
    input
    114514 1919 810\n
    ouput
    114514\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#match_case","title":"match ... case","text":"

    \u5728 Python 3.10 \u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u4e86 match ... case \uff0c\u4f46\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53e4\u8001\u7684 Online Judge \u7684 Python \u7248\u672c\u592a\u820a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u9084\u662f\u60f3\u4ecb\u7d39\u7d66\u4f60\u3002

    \u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u5728 if ... elif ... else \u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50:

    month = int(input(\"Enter a month (1-12): \"))\n\n# which season?\nif 3 <= month <= 5:\n    print(\"Spring\")\nelif 6 <= month <= 8:\n    print(\"Summer\")\nelif 9 <= month <= 11:\n    print(\"Fall\")\nelif month == 12 or month == 1 or month == 2:\n    print(\"Winter\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Invalid month\")\n
    input
    4\n7\n10\n1\n13\n
    ouput
    Spring\nSummer\nFall\nWinter\nInvalid month\n

    \u518d\u4f86\u770b\u770b match ... case \u7684\u7248\u672c:

    month = int(input(\"Enter a month (1-12): \"))\n\nmatch month:\n    case 3 | 4 | 5:\n        print(\"Spring\")\n    case 6 | 7 | 8:\n        print(\"Summer\")\n    case 9 | 10 | 11:\n        print(\"Autumn\")\n    case 12 | 1 | 2:\n        print(\"Winter\")\n    case _:\n        print(\"Invalid month\")\n
    input
    270\n11\n3\n
    ouput
    Invalid month\nAutumn\nSpring\n

    \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7c21\u6f54\u5462?\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5b78\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u50cf\u662f C, C++, Java \u7b49\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u904e switch .. case\uff0c\u4f46\u662f match ... case \u66f4\u5f37\u5927!

    \u95dc\u65bc match ... case \u6211\u5c31\u4ecb\u7d39\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u77e5\u9053 if ... elif ... else \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-29 12:32

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM09-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97 i \u6b21\u65b9\u7684\u503c

    Reference code 
    i = int(input())\nif i > 31:\n    print(\"Value of more than 31\")\nelse:\n    print(1 << i)\n

    Itsa - [C_MM13-\u6613] \u505c\u8eca\u8cbb\u8a08\u7b97

    Reference code 
    h1, m1 = map(int, input().split())\nh2, m2 = map(int, input().split())\n\npaid = 0\nminutes = (h2 - h1) * 60 + (m2 - m1)\nif minutes > 240:\n    paid += ((minutes - 240) // 30) * 60\n    minutes = 240\nif minutes > 120:\n    paid += ((minutes - 120) // 30) * 40\n    minutes = 120\npaid += (minutes // 30) * 30\n\nprint(paid)\n

    Itsa - [C_MM15-\u6613] \u5224\u65b7\u5ea7\u6a19\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167

    Reference code 
    x, y = map(int, input().split())\n\nif 0 <= x <= 100 and 0 <= y <= 100:\n    print(\"inside\")\nelse:\n    print(\"outside\")\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/selection_structures/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_MM16-\u6613] \u5224\u65b7\u5ea7\u6a19\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5713\u5f62\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167

    Itsa - [C_MM19-\u6613] \u96fb\u8a71\u8cbb\u8a08\u7b97

    Itsa - [C_MM24-\u6613] \u8a08\u7b97\u85aa\u6c34

    Itsa - [C_MM32-\u6613] Armstrong\u6578

    Itsa - [C_MM35-\u6613] \u5e73\u3001\u958f\u5e74\u5224\u5b9a

    Itsa - [C_MM36-\u6613] \u5b63\u7bc0\u5224\u5b9a

    Itsa - [C_MM37-\u6613] \u5224\u65b7\u5ea7\u6a19\u4f4d\u65bc\u4f55\u8655

    Itsa - [C_MM38-\u6613] \u5224\u65b73\u6574\u6578\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u69cb\u6210\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e09\u908a\u9577

    Itsa - [C_MM39-\u6613] \u5224\u65b7\u662f\u4f55\u7a2e\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62

    Itsa - [C_MM46-\u6613] \u8907\u6578\u904b\u7b97

    Itsa - [C_AR36-\u6613] \u661f\u5ea7\u67e5\u8a62

    @EditTime : 2024-01-29 14:38

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/","title":"Sets","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u5982\u679c\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u6aa2\u67e5\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5462?\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u78ba\u4fdd\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5462?

    \u5728\u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u96c6\u5408(Set)\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027:

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#create_a_set","title":"Create a Set","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528set()\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u5927\u62ec\u865f{}\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u4f8b\u5b50:

    a = set(\"FOREVER\")\nprint(a)\n\nb = [4, 8, 4, 3]\nc = set(b)\nprint(c)\n\nd = {(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)}\nprint(d)\nprint(type(d))\n\ne = {}\nprint(type(e))\n
    Output
    {'R', 'F', 'O', 'E', 'V'}\n{8, 3, 4}\n{(2, 3), (1, 2), (0, 1)}\n<class 'set'>\n<class 'dict'>\n

    SUHO(\uc218\ud638) _ FOREVER

    \u4f60\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u7528set()\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba{}\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u3002

    \u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7121\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f60\u8a66\u8457\u591a\u57f7\u884c\u5e7e\u6b21\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002

    \u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Comprehension \u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u96c6\u5408\u3002

    a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\ndiff_b = {x for x in b if x not in a}\nprint(diff_b)\n\nc = {x ** 2 for x in range(-3, 4)}\nprint(c)\n
    Output
    {4, 5}\n{0, 9, 4, 1}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#operations","title":"Operations","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#accessing_elements","title":"Accessing elements","text":"

    \u56e0\u70ba\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u7121\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528in\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u642d\u914dfor\u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u904d\u6b77\u96c6\u5408\u3002

    perfect_nums_set = {6, 28, 496, 8128, 33550336}\nprint(4843 in perfect_nums_set)\n\nfor num in perfect_nums_set:\n    print(num, end=' ')\n
    Output
    False\n33550336 8128 496 6 28 \n

    Question

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\) \u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5e7e\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728?

    \u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u9a5a\u8a1d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 \\(n\\) \u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5e7e\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u99ac\u4e0a\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#union","title":"Union","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528| \u6216\u8005 union() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5169\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u806f\u96c6\u3002

    a = {1, 3, 5}\nb = {2, 4, 5, 6}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\nc = a | b\nprint(c)\n\na |= b\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#intersection","title":"Intersection","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528& \u6216\u8005 intersection() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5169\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002

    a = {1, 3, 5}\nb = {2, 4, 5, 6}\n\nprint(a.intersection(b))\nc = a & b\nprint(c)\n\na &= b\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {5}\n{5}\n{5}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#difference","title":"Difference","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528- \u6216\u8005 difference() \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5169\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5dee\u96c6\u3002

    a = {1, 3, 5}\nb = {2, 4, 5, 6}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nc = b - a\nprint(c)\n\na -= b\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {1, 3}\n{2, 4, 6}\n{1, 3}\n

    \u6211\u5c31\u8209\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u67e5 Docs \u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#methods","title":"Methods","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#adding_elements","title":"Adding elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 add() \u4f86\u65b0\u589e\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002

    nums_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nnums_set.add(6)\nnums_set.add(3)\nprint(nums_set)\n
    Output
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n

    \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 update() \u4f86\u65b0\u589e\u591a\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002

    \u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u8ddf |= \u4e00\u6a23\u3002

    nums_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nnums_set.update({6, 7})\nprint(nums_set)\n\nnums_set.update([1, 8, 9], {10, 11})\nprint(nums_set)\n
    Output
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\n{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#removing_elements","title":"Removing elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 remove() \u4f86\u79fb\u9664\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6703\u62cb\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u3002

    a = {1, 2, 3}\na.remove(1)\nprint(a)\na.remove(1)\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {2, 3}\nKeyError: 1\n

    \u6216\u8005\u7528 discard() \u4f86\u79fb\u9664\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u62cb\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u3002

    a = {1, 2, 3}\na.discard(2)\nprint(a)\na.discard(2)\nprint(a)\n
    Output
    {1, 3}\n{1, 3}\n

    \u90a3\u600e\u9ebc\u6e05\u7a7a\u5462?\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 clear() \u4f86\u6e05\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u3002

    a = {1, 2, 3}\na.clear()\nprint(len(a))\n
    Output
    0\n

    \u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u67e5 Docs \u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u76ee\u524d\u61c9\u8a72\u5920\u4f60\u7528\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_AR20-\u6613] \u6aa2\u67e5\u6578\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u91cd\u8907

    Reference code 

    n = int(input())\nnum_set = set(input().split())\n\nif len(num_set) == n:\n    print(1)\nelse:\n    print(0)\n
    \u6aa2\u67e5\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u7528\u96c6\u5408\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96c6\u5408\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u65bc\u8f38\u5165\u4e32\u5217\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u5c31\u597d\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/sets/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    \u5728 Itsa \u4e0a\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u627e\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e7e\u8106\u9644\u4e0a\u89e3\u7b54\u3002

    Itsa - [C_ST23-\u6613] \u76f8\u540c\u5b57\u96c6\u7684\u5b57\u4e32

    Reference code 

    a, b = input().split(',')\na_set = set(str.lower(a))\na_set.discard(\" \")\nb_set = set(str.lower(b))\nb_set.discard(\" \")\n\nif a_set == b_set:\n    print(1)\nelse:\n    print(0)\n
    \u9019\u88e1\u61c9\u8a72\u80fd\u611f\u53d7 discard() \u7684\u7528\u8655\uff0c\u984c\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u5340\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5148\u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u8f49\u6210\u5c0f\u5beb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u628a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u5143\u79fb\u9664(\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6709\u6c92\u6709)\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u6aa2\u67e5\u5169\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    Itsa - [C_ST82-\u6613] \u4ea4\u96c6

    Itsa - [C_ST83-\u6613] \u806f\u96c6

    Itsa - [C_ST84-\u6613] \u5dee\u96c6

    Itsa - [C_AR192-\u6613] \u5224\u65ad\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u662f\u5426\u6709\u91cd\u8907

    @EditTime : 2024-02-06 23:16

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/","title":"Tuples","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

    \u6709\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e8f\u5c0d(Tuple)\u5c0d\u4f60\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u6703\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8ddf\u4e32\u5217(List)\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u5c0f\u62ec\u865f()\u4f86\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684(immutable)\u3002\u9019\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u65b0\u589e\u3001\u522a\u9664\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u90a3\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9084\u8981\u7528\u5b83\u5462?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#create_a_tuple","title":"Create a Tuple","text":"

    \u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5e8f\u5c0d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5c0f\u62ec\u865f()\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u5305\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7528\u9017\u865f,\u9694\u958b\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002

    \u4f46\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u9017\u865f\u3002\u9019\u908a\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u90fd\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u3002

    empty = ()\none = (1,)\ntwo = (1, 2)\nprint(len(empty), len(one), len(two))\nprint(type(empty))\n\nodd = 1, 3, 5\nprint(odd)\nprint(type(odd))\n
    Output
    0 1 2\n<class 'tuple'>\n(1, 3, 5)\n(1, 3, 5)\n<class 'tuple'>\n

    \u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528tuple()\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u4f8b\u5b50:

    lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\ntup = tuple(lst)\nprint(tup)\n\ns = \"know me...\"\ns_tup = tuple(s)\nprint(s_tup)\n
    Output
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n('k', 'n', 'o', 'w', ' ', 'm', 'e', '.', '.', '.')\n

    \u516b\u6728\u6d77\u8389 \u300eknow me...\u300f

    \u9084\u8a18\u5f97 List Comprehension \u55ce?\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4e2d\u62ec\u865f\u6539\u6210\u5c0f\u62ec\u865f\u8a66\u8a66\u770b:

    gen = (x ** 2 for x in range(5))\nprint(type(gen))\ntup = tuple(gen)\nprint(tup)\n
    Output
    <class 'generator'>\n(0, 1, 4, 9, 16)\n

    \u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u4f60\u9810\u671f\u7684\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7522\u751f\u5668(Generator)\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528tuple()\u4f86\u8f49\u63db\u3002

    \u81f3\u65bc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u7528\u7522\u751f\u5668(Generator)\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u8ddf\u4f60\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u53c8\u6316\u5751\u4e86\u3002

    \u90a3\u9ebc\u52a0\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4e58\u6cd5\u5462?\u8ddf\u4e32\u5217(List)\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u52a0\u6cd5\u4f86\u5408\u4f75\u5169\u500b\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u4f86\u8907\u88fd\u5e8f\u5c0d\u3002

    a = (1, 2, 3)\nb = 4, 5, 6\nc = a + b\nprint(c)\n\nd = a * 2 + b\nprint(d)\n
    Output
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)\n(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#operations","title":"Operations","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#accessing_elements","title":"Accessing elements","text":"

    \u8ddf\u4e32\u5217(List)\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8ca0\u7d22\u5f15\u4f86\u5f9e\u5f8c\u5b58\u53d6\u3002

    t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nprint(t[0], t[-1])\n
    Output
    1 5\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#slicing","title":"Slicing","text":"

    \u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5207\u7247\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5c0d\u3002

    t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nprint(t[1:3])\nprint(t[:3])\nprint(t[3:])\nprint(t[:])\n
    Output
    (2, 3)\n(1, 2, 3)\n(4, 5)\n(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#modifying_elements","title":"Modifying elements","text":"

    \u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684(immutable)\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6298\u8877\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5566\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5e8f\u5c0d\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u518d\u8f49\u63db\u56de\u4f86\u3002

    cat_tup = (\"\ud83d\ude38\", \"\ud83d\ude3a\", \"\ud83d\ude3b\", [\"\ud83d\ude3f\", \"\ud83d\ude40\"])\n\ncat_lst = list(cat_tup)\ncat_lst[1] = \"\ud83d\ude3c\"\ncat_tup = tuple(cat_lst)\nprint(cat_tup)\n\ncat_tup[3][0] = \"\ud83d\ude3e\"\nprint(cat_tup)\n\ncat_tup[1] = \"\ud83d\ude3d\"\nprint(cat_tup)\n
    Output
    ('\ud83d\ude38', '\ud83d\ude3c', '\ud83d\ude3b', ['\ud83d\ude3f', '\ud83d\ude40'])\n('\ud83d\ude38', '\ud83d\ude3c', '\ud83d\ude3b', ['\ud83d\ude3e', '\ud83d\ude40'])\nTypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n

    \u4f46\u4f60\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u89ba\u5f97\u602a\u602a\u7684\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u5462?

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#checking_elements","title":"Checking elements","text":"

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 in \u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u8ddf\u4e32\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002

    fib = (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8)\nprint(0 not in fib)\nprint(5 in fib)\n
    Output
    False\nTrue\n

    Question

    \u5c0d\u65bc\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\) \u7684\u7121\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5c0d\uff0c\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u591a\u5c11\u6b21?

    \u53c8\u662f\u719f\u6089\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#methods","title":"Methods","text":"

    \u56e0\u70ba\u5e8f\u5c0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684(immutable)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662fcount()\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662findex()\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#count","title":"count","text":"

    count() \u6703\u56de\u50b3\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u7576\u7136 List \u4e5f\u6709\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6c34\u5167\u5bb9(X

    t = ((1, 2), (3, 4), 6, 6, [7, 8])\nprint(t.count(1))\nprint(t.count([7, 8]))\nprint(t.count(6))\n
    Output
    0\n1\n2\n
    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#index","title":"index","text":"

    index() \u6703\u56de\u50b3\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0cList \u4e5f\u6709\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    t = (\"Love Me Again\", \"John Newman\", 2013)\nprint(t.index(\"John Newman\"))\nprint(t.index(2014))\n
    Output
    1\nValueError: tuple.index(x): x not in tuple\n

    John Newman - Love Me Again

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#tuple_vs_list","title":"Tuple vs List","text":"

    \u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u53ef\u96dc\u6e4a\u7684(hashable)\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5728\u5b57\u5178(Dict)\u9019\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ddf\u4f60\u8aaa\u660e\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    Itsa - [C_AR04-\u6613] \u908a\u7de3\u5075\u6e2c

    Reference code 

    N = int(input())\n\ndirs = ((0, 1), (0, -1), (1, 0), (-1, 0))\n\nfor k in range(N):\n    n, m = map(int, input().split())\n    pic = []\n    for _ in range(n):\n        pic.append(input().split())\n\n    for i in range(n):\n        for j in range(m):\n            if pic[i][j] == '0':\n                print('_ ', end='')\n            else:\n                is_edge = False\n                for d in dirs:\n                    x, y = i + d[0], j + d[1]\n                    if 0 <= x < n and 0 <= y < m and pic[x][y] == '0':\n                        is_edge = True\n                        break\n                if is_edge:\n                    print('0 ', end='')\n                else:\n                    print('_ ', end='')\n        print()\n\n    if k != N - 1:\n        print()\n
    \u65b9\u5411 dirs \u5c31\u5f88\u9069\u7528\u5e8f\u5c0d\u4f86\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u8b8a\u52d5\u3002

    \u672a\u4f86\u5728\u5b78\u5716\u5f62\u8d70\u8a2a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u5beb\u6cd5\u3002

    \u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c \u8ff4\u5708\u8b8a\u6578 _ \u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6368\u68c4\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u914d\u5408\u8ff4\u5708\u8a9e\u6cd5\u800c\u5df2\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/tuples/#assignment","title":"Assignment","text":"

    Itsa - [C_AR119-\u6613] \u5730\u96f7\u5371\u96aa\u6307\u6578\u8868

    Itsa - [C_AR139-\u6613] \u9ec3\u91d1\u63a2\u6e2c

    Itsa - [C-AR140-\u6613] \u6c42\u6700\u5927\u7ce7\u98df\u7522\u91cf

    @EditTime : 2024-02-04 21:15

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/","title":"Variable and Input","text":""},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/#variable","title":"Variable","text":"

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u600e\u9ebc\u4f7f\u7528\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f38\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002

    x = 4843\nprint(x)\n\nx = \"Memory Reboot\"\nprint(x)\n\nx = '4843'\nprint(x)\n

    \u6216\u8a31\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u795e\u5947\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc x \u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u6703\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002

    \u518d\u4f86\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b old-school \u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07 x \u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7bb1\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u7b49\u865f\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u300c\u503c\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u7bb1\u5b50\u88e1\u88dd\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u7bb1\u5b50\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa x \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u5462?

    \u4f46\u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u5fd8\u6389\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u80fd\u5920\u7406\u89e3\uff0cx \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u800c = \u662f\u6307\u6d3e\u904b\u7b97\u5b50(Assignment Operator)\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u5c07\u7b49\u865f\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u6771\u897f\u6307\u6d3e\u7d66\u7b49\u865f\u5de6\u908a\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa x \u6703\u6307\u5411\u7b49\u865f\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u7269\u4ef6(Object)\u3002

    Quote

    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u4ef6\u3002

    \u8acb\u89c0\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u52d5\u756b\u3002

    V\u00d8J, Narvent - Memory Reboot (4K Music Video)

    \u518d\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u985e\u578b\u3002

    a = 114514\nprint(type(a))\nb = 1919810.0\nprint(type(b))\nc = 10e3\nprint(type(c))\nd = \"cheung4843\"\nprint(type(d))\ne = True\nprint(type(e))\nf = False\nprint(type(f))\nh = None\nprint(type(h))\n
    type \u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u6771\u897f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u985e\u5225(Class)\u3002

    b \u8207 c \u90fd\u662f\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578(Float)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u6578\u9ede\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u800c d \u5247\u662f\u5b57\u4e32\uff0ce \u8207 f \u5247\u662f\u5e03\u6797(Boolean)\uff0c\u800c h \u5247\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\u3002

    Note

    1. type(x) \u56de\u50b3 x \u7684\u985e\u5225\u3002
    2. int \u6574\u6578\u3002
    3. float \u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u3002
    4. str \u5b57\u4e32\u3002
    5. bool \u5e03\u6797\u3002
    6. None \u7a7a\u503c\u3002

    Question

    1. print(type(3 + 4.0)) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    2. print(type(3 + True)) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?

    @EditTime : 2024-01-27 16:44

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/#input","title":"Input","text":"

    \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u60f3\u8981\u4fee\u6539 x \u88e1\u9762\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u90fd\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u55ce?\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4f86\u8f38\u5165\u5462?

    x = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(x))\ny = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nz = int(x) + int(y)\nprint(\"The sum is: \", z)\n

    \u5594\u5e79\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u591a\u51fa\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5225\u614c\uff0c\u6211\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u8acb\u4f60\u5148\u56de\u60f3\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u7bc0\u4e2d\u5b78\u904e\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe input, int, \u90fd\u662f\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002\u800c input \u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u6703\u986f\u793a\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u8981\u8f38\u5165\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0cint \u5247\u662f\u628a\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7684\u985e\u5225\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u3002

    \u90a3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5370\u51fatype(x) \u5f97\u5230 <class 'str'> \u5462?\u4ee3\u8868 x \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba input \u7e3d\u662f\u5c07\u4f60\u8f38\u5165\u9032\u4f86\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7576\u6210\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8b93 z = x + y \u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u5f0f\u5b50\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7528 int \u4f86\u5c07\u5b57\u4e32\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u518d\u9032\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462?

    x = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(x))\ny = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nz = x + y\nprint(\"The sum is: \", z)\n

    \u6c92\u932f\uff0c\u5b57\u4e32\u7684\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u90a3\u4f60\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\u76f8\u6e1b?

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u505a\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u9806\u4fbf\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e00\u4e0b f-string 

    a = 3.5\nb = int(a)\nprint(f'The value of b is {b}, and its type is {type(b)}')\nc = float(b)\nprint(f'The value of c is {c}, and its type is {type(c)}')\nprint(b == c)\n

    \u90a3 f-string \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u5462?\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b57\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u5316(String Formatting)\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u5c07\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684 {} \u66ff\u63db\u6210\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002

    \u800c\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe b \u8207 c \u7684\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u503c\u537b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba int() \u8207 float() \u90fd\u662f\u5c07\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u8207\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\uff0c\u800c int() \u6703\u5c07\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u7684\u5c0f\u6578\u9ede\u6368\u53bb\uff0c\u800c float() \u5247\u6703\u5c07\u6574\u6578\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u3002

    \u90a3\u9ebc b == c \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\u5462?\u5176\u4e2d == \u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u904b\u7b97\u5b50(Comparison Operator)\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u7b49\u865f\u5de6\u53f3\u5169\u908a\u7684\u6771\u897f\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5247\u56de\u50b3 True\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u56de\u50b3 False\u3002

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/#multiple_input","title":"Multiple Input","text":"

    \u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u8f38\u5165\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4f86\u9694\u958b\u5462? \u4f46\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5f0f : 

    a, b = \"Hello World\".split()\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n

    \u6211\u77e5\u9053\u602a\u602a\u7684\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b57\u4e32\u5f8c\u9762\u63a5\u4e86\u4e00\u500b .split() \u5462?\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4ed6\u5f88\u50cf\u662f\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u53eb\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462?\u4ed6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \"Hello World\" \u9019\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5(Method)\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u4f86\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6703\u807d\u5230\u985e\u5225\u65b9\u6cd5(Class Method)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975c\u614b\u65b9\u6cd5(Static Method) \u7b49\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u6211\u6015\u4f60\u6703\u641e\u6df7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u5c31\u5148\u8a8d\u9017\u9ede\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u662f\u300c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002

    \u800c .split() \u6703\u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u4ee5\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4f86\u5207\u5272\u5b57\u4e32\u4e26\u56de\u50b3(\u90a3\u4f60\u60f3\u60f3\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u6c92\u653e\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6703\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc?)\uff0c\u800c\u770b\u770b\u7b49\u865f\u5de6\u908a\uff0c\u6211\u7528 a, b \u53bb\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba\u958b\u7bb1(Unpacking)

    \u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u80fd\u770b\u61c2\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba input() \u4e5f\u6703\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u7528 .split() 

    a, b = input().split()\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n

    Note

    1. input() \u63a5\u53d7\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
    2. int(x) \u5c07 x \u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6574\u6578\u3002
    3. float(x) \u5c07 x \u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u3002
    4. str.split() \u4ee5\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4f86\u5207\u5272\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3\u3002

    @EditTime : 2024-01-25 22:13

    Question

    1. print(int(input()) + int(input())) \u6703\u5370\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    2. 124.spilt(\"1\") \u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u55ce?
    3. bool(0) \u8207 bool(1) \u6703\u56de\u50b3\u4ec0\u9ebc?
    4. \u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0ca \u8207 b \u6210\u529f\u4e92\u63db\u4e86\u5462?
    a, b = 4, 5\nprint(a, b)\na, b = b, a\nprint(a, b)\n
    a, b = 4, 5\nprint(a, b)\ntmp = a\na = b\nb = tmp\nprint(a, b)\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-25 22:17

    "},{"location":"fundamental/python/variable_and_input/#practice","title":"Practice","text":"

    \u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5b78\u5230\u4e86:

    Info

    1. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 print() \u8207 input()\u3002
    2. \u77e5\u9053\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
    3. \u77e5\u9053 type(x) \u8207 int(x), float(x) \u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002
    4. \u77e5\u9053 str.split() \u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002
    5. \u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 f-string\u3002

    \u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u4e86\u3002

    ZeroJudge - a001. \u54c8\u56c9

    Reference code 
    word = input()\nprint(f'hello, {word}')\n

    @EditTime : 2024-01-27 17:02

    "},{"location":"blog/archive/2024/","title":"2024","text":""},{"location":"blog/category/blog/","title":"Blog","text":""}]} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sitemap.xml b/sitemap.xml index 45c7d41..aae5e8d 100755 --- a/sitemap.xml +++ b/sitemap.xml @@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ 2024-02-07 daily + + https://cheung4843.github.io/LMcpsBook/fundamental/python/classes/ + 2024-02-07 + daily + https://cheung4843.github.io/LMcpsBook/fundamental/python/dictionaries/ 2024-02-07 diff --git a/sitemap.xml.gz b/sitemap.xml.gz index 74a377d..8f51944 100755 Binary files a/sitemap.xml.gz and b/sitemap.xml.gz differ